南通大学口语试题_南通大学试卷数字
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A Treasure –house of East Buddhist Art.A Bright Pearf of World Cultural Heritages Longmen grottoes are disturbed on the cliffs along the hanks of Yihe River,13kilometers south of luoyang.With an environment of natural beauty,it was promulgated one of the first group of key cultural relic units for special protection by the State Council in 1961.In 1982 it was promulgated one of the first group of scenery zones at the national level bythe State Council.IN November 2000 Longmen Grottoes was inscribeed on world heritage list by UNESCO.The main larger caves of Northern Wei Dynasty are Guyang Cave,Middle Binyang Cave,Lotus cave,huoshao Cave,Weizi Cave,shikusi Cave,putai Cave and Lu cave,etc.And the main larger caves of Tang Dynasty are Southern Binyang Cave,Northern bingyang Cave,Qianxisi Cave,Jingshansi Cave,Ten-thousand Buddha cave,shuangyao Cave,huijian Cave,Grand budddha Vairocoana Niche,Three Leigutai Cave,Gaopingjunwang Cave,kanjingsi Cave,Jinan Cave,Jingtutang Cave and Moyasanfokan Niche.etc.Among the caves of Northern Wei Dynasty,Guyang Cave,middle Binyang cave,lotus cave and Shikusi Cave are respresentative ones of high value.Guyang Cave concentrated images from a group of imperial families and nobles iin early period of moving the capital to luoyang of Northern wei Dnasty,which typically reflacted that Northern Wei Dnasty believed in Buddhism.These stone-carved works embody the style of gandharvas which firstly appeared after the art of buddhist caves was transmitted in-to Luoyang.Therefore they are precious fusion of chinese Traditional culture and foreign civilazation.The open niche,carved ini accordance with the Avatamsaka Sutra,with the graceful,poised and grand Buddha Vairocana as the center,with a group of vivid sculptures around,has expreed the auspicious and prsperous artistic conceptiono of Buddhist world inciaively and vividly.Because the magnificent and profound atmosphere of the grottoes affect people who wish happy life,Longmen zone with Buddhist images as principal part has attracted people to come with adiration.Today Xiangshan Temple on the East hill at Longmen,with pines and cyprees around,was built by imperial court for burrying the famous Indian Monk Dipoeluo in Wushou Period.during more than one hundred years since that time Xiangahan Temple had been so prosperous that the poet,Bai Juyi of the middle times of Tang Dynasty,well known home and abroad,made up”nine persons of Xianggshan hill”with Monk Ruman,and so on,to compose and sing poetry as hermit in the temple.In the sixth year of Huichang Bai Juyi died in his hometown,Ludaoli of Luoyang and was buried beside the pagoda for Monk Ruman in Xiangshan Temple is the best place for visitors to condole with the great poet.Longmen Grottoes,permeated with emotion of belief,with extemal shape full of foreign style and abundant internal conception,are substantial reflections that ancient people have strong wishes and desires for the world,Chinese people’ spiritual pursuit of happy life and outstanding creative ability can be explained thoroughly through the cultural landscape with history of more than one thousand years.东方佛教艺术的宝库 世界文化遗产的明珠
龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊13公里处的伊阙峡谷间，这里青山绿水，早在1961年即被国务院宣布为世界第一批重点文物保护单位，1982年11月，联合国教科文组织将龙门石窟列入《世界文化遗产名录》。
龙门北魏时期的大型洞穴主要有古阳洞，宾阳中洞，莲花洞，火烧洞，魏字洞，石窟寺及普泰洞，路洞等等。而唐代的主要洞窟则有宾阳南洞，宾阳北洞，潜溪洞，敬善寺，万佛寺，双窑，慧简寺，大庐舍那像龙，擂鼓太三洞，高平郡王洞，看经寺，唐子洞，极南洞，净土堂和玛雅三佛龙等等。
在北魏时期雕凿的众多洞穴中，以谷阳洞，宾阳中洞和莲花洞，石窟寺这几个洞窟最有带表价值。其中古阳中洞信中北魏迁都洛阳初期的皇室宗亲和宫廷大臣的造像，典型地反应了北魏王朝举国佞佛的历史形态。这些形制诡异，琳琅满目的石刻作品，代表着
