2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题_大学入学考试英语试题

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2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题 2013-01-10 14:43

万学海文教研中心英语教研室

Section IUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when

making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that

.Uri

Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the was leading

decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were

working with.five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.during the same day, but Dr

The interviewers on a scale of one to five.This with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimion Test, or GMAT,a standardized exam which of 800 points, to make a decision on

whether to accept him or her.Dr.Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of

1.[A] grants[B]submits[C]transmits

[D]delivers

2.[A] minor[B]objective[C]crucial

[D] external

3.[A] iue[B]vision[C]picture

[D]external

4.[A] For example[B] On average[C]In principle[D]Above all

5.[A] fond[B] fearful[C]capable

[D] thoughtle

6.[A] in[B] on[C] to

[D] for

7.[A] if

[D] unle

8.[A] promote

[D]succe

9.[A] decision

[D] succe

10.[A] chosen

[D] identified

11.[A] exceptional

otherwise

12.[A] inspired

[D] secured

13.[A] aigned

[D] arranged

14.[A] put

[D] took

15.[A] instead

[D] rather

16.[A] selected

introduced

17.[A] before

[D] below

18.[A] jump

[D] fluctuate

19.[A] achieve

disregard

20.[A] promising

[B] until[C] though[B] emphasize[C] share[B] quality[C] status[B] studied[C] found[B] defensible[C] replaceable[D][B] expreed[C] conducted[B] rated[C] matched[B] got[C] gave[B] then[C] ever[B] paed[C] marked[D][B] after[C] above[B] float[C] drop[B] undo[C] maintain[D] [B] poible[C] neceary[D] helpful

Section IIReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive aistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the aistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtle found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion busine couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdreed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year “fast fashion”.In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed ma-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean le wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use maive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdreed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Ma-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues.Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this exce leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdreed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline

believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her aistant for her

[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obseion with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22.According to Cline, ma-maket labels urge consumers to

[A] combat unneceary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2)is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?

[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?

[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a ma-market secret.Text 2

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers aume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permiion?

In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmiion(FTC)proposed adding a “do not track ”(DNT)option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and pre on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all, it has an ad busine too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:“we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

[A] ease competition among themselves

[B] lower their operational costs

[C] avoid complaints from consumers

[D]provide better online services