现在完成时用法解析_现在完成时的用法解析

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现在完成时用法解析

1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法

(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：

-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语

(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次？

(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive→be here begin(start)→be on

die →be dead come back→be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be up go out →be out

finish →be over put on →wear 或be on

open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…

close →be closed go to school→be a student

borrow →keep buy →have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→study come to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)

I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明)

5.几点注意事项

(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

一、单项选择

1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _________what's happened to him.Ａ.knew Ｂ.have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

Ａ.is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、-Our country ______ a lot so far.-Yes.I hope it will be even ______.Ａ.has changed;well Ｂ.changed;good

Ｃ.has changed;better Ｄ.changed;better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.Ａ.was;studying Ｂ.will;study

Ｃ.has;studied Ｄ.are;studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.Ａ.know Ｂ.had known Ｃ.have known Ｄ.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_______ it twice.Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see9、-These farmers have been to the United States.-Really ? When _____ there ?

Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go

Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?

-Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.Ａ.Did;do;finished Ｂ.Have;done;finished

Ｃ.Have;done;have finished Ｄ.will;do;finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978.Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ.was in Ｄ.has been in12、-Do you know him well ?

-Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have become Ｄ.have made13、-How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months.Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived14、Hurry up!The play __________ for ten minutes.Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been onＤ.began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army.Ａ.is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.was16、Mi Green isn't in the office.she_______ to the library.Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to

Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been18、The students have cleaned the claroom, ?

A.so they B.don't they C.have they D.haven't they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A.How soon, comes B.How often, got

C.How long, came D.How far, arrived20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work

C.has lived there D.has left the university

二、句型转换

3、The old man _________ last year.He for a year.(die)（动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Mi Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)

Mi Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)环境保护问题是中考(微博)热门话题，出现频率高，难度较大，必须掌握。

1、6月5日(June 5)是世界环境保护日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重„„。假如你是学生Jone.，你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境？”专题演讲比赛，要求：(1)、举例说明环境存在的问题1-3方面；(2)、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1-3方面进行说明，字数80左右。

As we all know，the environmemt around us is getting worse and worse.In some places，we can't see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills.Some people even have no clean water to drink.So I think we must do something to protect the environment.But what can we do?How to protect our environmemt ?For example，we can go to school on foot or by bike.we can use shopping baskets not plastic bags when we go shopping，and we can use both sides of the paper when we write.In a word，if everyone pays more attention to our environment，there will be le pollution and our life will be better。“There is only one earth”，I hope everyone will protect our environment well。

2、保护环境

(四川乐山)从2008年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。内容包含：

(1)。在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋；(2)。尽可能地再利用使用过的课本；(3)。离开教室应关灯；(4)。最好走路或骑自行车上学；(5)。简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等。

参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag 塑料袋plastic bag 保护protect 能源energy

污染pollution 课本textbook

What Can We Do for the Environment

our environment is becoming worse and worse，what can we do for the environment?I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem。

The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping.It helps to protect the environment.The second thing we can do is to reuse the old textbooks as poible as we can.We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the clarooms in order to save energy.What's more，it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school.We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste。

In fact，even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment.I believe we can make the world a better place to live in。

3.为了保护地球有限的资源，我们应该采取什么措施呢？请根据下面的提示写一篇约80词的短文，短文开头已经给出。提示词；1.save water，the source of life，protect drinking water，stop polluting，make full use of it;2.save electricity，crucial，turn off，other electric machines;3.save forests，useful，stop cutting down;4.recycle useful rubbish，save resources

参考作文：

Although the world develops much faster and better，the resources on the earth get fewer and fewer.In order to protect them，something must be done。

Save water.Water is the source of life.No water，no life.So it's very important for us to do so.Not only should we protect drinking water and stop polluting it，but also make full use of it。

Save electricity.It is crucial.We can't imagine what the life will be like without it.Everyone should do his best to save electricity.Don't forget to turn off lights or other electric machines when we finish working。

Save forests.They are useful.Please stop cutting them down and use recycled paper instead.Make our world a green one to live in。

Recycle useful rubbish.Plenty of rubbish can be recycled like cans，paper，bottles，and so on。

We can save resources in this way.I believe we can make the world a better place to live in。与父母相处的话题类作文难度较大，掌握基本句式，背诵范文非常必要。

(陕西省卷)假如你是Han Mei，下面是一封你的笔友Alice 给你发来的e-mail，请你根据e-mail 的内容给她写一封回信，与她交流看法，并帮她排忧解难。

提示词语：listen to，mother's love，care about，communicate with，get along with，smile

写作要求：1.语句通顺，书写工整；2.可用所给提示词语，也可以适当发挥；3.词数在60-80左右

Dear Han Mei，I'm afraid I've got a big problem recently.My mother talks too much to me.She always tells me，“Be careful while croing the street。” “Put on more clothes。” “Did you do a good job at school?”And so on.I'm annoyed(烦恼)。What shall I do?

Alice

例文

Dear Alice，As a teenager，I met the same problem as you.But now I can get along better with my mother.Here are some ideas for you。

Your mother talks much，because she cares about you.Maybe it's not a good way，but it shows your mother's love.So I think you should listen to her.If your opinions are different from your mother's，you can communicate with her，and tell her what you are thinking about。

If your mother doesn't take your advice，just keep silent and give her a smile。

I hope what I say here can help you a lot。

健康问题是中考(微博)常考的话题，出题形式多样，有必要下苦功掌握。

How tokeep healthy /fit?

All of us want to be healthy.First，we should get enough sleep during the night.We can go to bed early and get up early.Staying up late is bad for our health.Second，we must have the right kinds of food.We should eat more fruit and vegetables and le meat.We should drink a lot of water.We should have healthy eating habits.Third，we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally，we should be happy everyday.Because smile will make us younger。

That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life。

2.卫生健康饮食：健康一直是人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会，请根据下表内容谈谈你的看法，写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。(1)保持健康的重要性；(2)保持健康的方法；(3)保持健康的结论；(4)你的看法。

How to keep healthy /fit?

Here is my advice about how to keep healthy/fit.As a middle shool student.first you'd better do more exercise such as playing ball games，running，swimming and jumping ropes(绳子)。Then you should pay attention to your diet or meals.Don't eat too much meat or suger，but more vegetables and fruit.Third you need enough sleep or rest.Next keep yourself happy.As people often say smiling makes younger.Last you mustn't drink wine or smoke.They are bad for your health.That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life。