高考英语复习 词义辨析要点_高考英语词义辨析题
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高考英语复习 词义辨析要点
[要点巩固] 词义辨析考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难题,欲觅简明准确的解释并非易事,考生在学习时首先应掌握其基本意思,再结合特定的语境进行比较。有鉴于此,我们将在教学中所积累的并结合高考试题,给考生提供中学英语中常见的同义词(语),易混词(语)及相似句型等方面的指点。英语中的同义词(语),易混词(语)及相似句型之间的区别,有的属英汉语意差别,有的属不同搭配表达意义不同,有的属搭配不同表达意义相同,有的属语气轻重有别,有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等等。因此我们只能把重点放在中学英语学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处,不求面面俱到,只求对症下药,说清为止。[例题剖析] 例1 2.Jim paed the driving test, ______ surprised everyone in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.it 剖析:该题为非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用 which.正确答案为A.3.The president spoke at the busine meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes.A.bring up B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on 剖析:此题考查短语动词的区别,这四个短语的基本意义为:bring up“养育、提出;吐出”,refer to“论及、说到、谈到、提及;参考、参阅、参照”,look for“寻找、寻求” try on“试穿,试戴”,根据题义:“经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿 ”。应选B。6.---Ow!I’ve burnt myself!---I _____ a hot pot.A.touched B.kept C.felt D.held 剖析:touch“触摸 ”,keep “保持” feel “感觉” hold“拿着”,所给的语境是“烫伤”故选A,因为触摸,才可能烫伤。
7.The old tower must be saved, _______ the cost.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever 剖析:题义:“无论什么样的代价,这座古塔一定要拯救。”whatever可表示, “无论什么”whichever“无论哪个 ”。9.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow.A.should B.must C.will D.can 剖析:此题考查情态动词,should“应该”,must “一定”,will“将会、总是”,can“可能”,根据题义“„„ 因为有时可能会很慢。”故选 D。
10.---People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.---_______.The roads are too crowed as it is.A.All right B.Exactly C.Go ahead D.Fine 剖析:此题考查交际用语在一定语境中的应用。all right“不错,好啊”,exactly“(用于对答)正是、一点不错”,go ahead“前进,(催促对方)先请”,fine“好的、棒的”,根据题义,表示对对方所说的完全同意,“一点不错,正是”之意,故选B。
13.My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.A.anxious B.ashamed C.weak D.patient 剖析:题义“如果我们没有在我们所说的时间到达,父母就会着急。”故选:A 16.I am sure David will be able to find the library---he has a pretty good _____ of direction.A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense 剖析:idea “主意、想法”,feeling“感觉、情感”,experience“经历、经验”,sense“感觉、辨别力、判断力”,a good sense of direction“方向感很强”。故选 D。19.I couldn’t ______.The line was busy.A.go by B.go around C.get in D.get through 剖析:此题考查短语动词的区别。go by“走过、流逝”,go around“四处走走”,get in“进入、收集”get through(用于电话等)联络到”。从下句“线路很忙”,故选D。20.We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _______ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.it D.them 剖析:此题考查代词的区别。题义“我们一直在看房子,但还没找到我们所喜欢的一套(房子)。答案为A,此处的one相当于a house,而ones相当于houses,it和them应指上文提到的同类同物。又如: Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_______ I will always treasure.(2002 NMET 35)A.that B.one C.it D.what 答案为one 相当于 a moment。意为:“......,我将永远珍惜的时刻”。例2.22.No one helped me.I did it all ____ myself.A.for B.by C.from D.to 剖析:考查介词的区别。根据题义“没人帮助我,我独自做的”。by oneself“独自地 ”,for oneself“替/ 为自己”。故选B。
23.Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that 剖析:“Mary写了一篇关于为什么球队没有获胜的文章”。故选A。
25.We haven’t enough books for ______;some of you will have to share.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody 剖析:“我们没有给每人一本这么多的书,有些只能共同使用。”everyone与否定词not连用表示部分否定,“并非都„„”。故选C。另外all, both, always, every以及every构成的复合不定代词等,与not连用也表示部分否定。
26.Tom, you_____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this.A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not 剖析:答案为B。此题为情态动词的否定式。wouldn’t“不会 ”,mustn’t“不准、不得 ”,needn’t“不必 ”,may not“不可以”。
27.They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, ____ we managed to bring the price down.A.but B.so C.when D.since 剖析:此题为连词,根据题义表示转折,故选A。31.---Oh, dear!I’ve just broken a window.---______.It can’t be helped.A.Never mind B.All right C.That’s fine D.Not at all 剖析:此题为交际用语的区别。Never mind“不要紧、没关系 ”,All right(表示同意)“好、可以 ”,That’s fine“很好”,Not at all(用来回答thank you)表示“不用谢”。故选A。(It can’t be helped.= We must accept it.你已经把它打碎了,没办法弥补了。)[实战演练]
选词填空
1.alone / lonely ①Let him _______.②I shall have a companion in the house after all these _______ years.答案: alone , lonely 辨析:alone可以用作形容词或副词,作形容词时,只能在句子中充当表语或宾语补足语,用来陈述“单独一人,无其他人”这样一个事实。lonely只能用作形容词,在句子中充当表语或定语,指人时,作“孤独的、寂寞的”解;指地方时作“荒凉的、人迹稀少的”解。2.accept / receive Mary _______ a gift from a friend, but she didn’t seem to ________ it.答案: received, accept 辨析:accept表示主观上“乐意接受”; receive 表示客观上“收到某物”。但receive education(接受教育), receive guests(接见客人)。3.means / way / method ①Thoughts are expreed by ________ of speech.②He always speaks in a carele ________.③He worked out the maths problem with a different ________.答案:means, way, method 辨析:这三个词都可以解释为“方法、方式、手段”。means前用介词by;其后用of+名词或动词的-ing形式。way作“方法”讲时,前面可用介词in。method一般指“(系统的)一套方法或方式”,前面用介词with.4.other / others / the other / the others / another ①We study Chinese, maths, English and ________ leons.②I don’t want this one.Please give me ________.③She has two children.One is a boy, ________ is a girl.④Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing,and________ are climbing the hill.⑤There are fifty-five students in our cla.Thirty of us are girls.____ are boys.答案:other;another;the other;others;The others 辨析:other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其它物”。the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。5.instead / instead of ①If you are too busy, you may come another day ________.②If you have no time, I’ll go ________ you.答案:instead;instead of 辨析:instead是副词,意思是“代替,顶替”,通常被放在句尾,也可放在句首。instead of是介词词组,意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。6.occur / happen / take place ①An idea suddenly ________ to me.②The car accident ________ yesterday.③I ________ to be out when you came here.④Great changes have ________ in my home town.答案:occurred;happened/occurred;happened;taken place 辨析:occur属较正式的用语。它可指一件偶然事件的“发生”;也可指在一定的时间“发生”、“出现”一定的事件,它还可以表示抽象事物,如思想等的“产生”,其后接to sb.时,常作“想起”、“想到”解。happen属普通用语,常用来表示偶然事件的“发生”。其后接不定式或用在 “It happened that„”句型中的时候,作“恰好”、“碰巧”、“偶然”解。take place也作“发生”解,但一般没有偶然的意味。它更常用来指一个预先安排好的事情的“发生”,常作“举行”解。7.wish / hope
①I _______it will be fine tomorrow.②I _______you succe.③I _______it would be fine tomorrow.④He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information.答案:hope;wish;wish;hoping 辨析:这两个词使用的句型不同(如①②)。hope所表示的愿望一般可以实现,wish所表示的愿望实现的可能性不大。wish 接从句时用虚拟语气。8.include / contain ①The price _______ the postage.②The parcel _______a dictionary.答案:includes;contained 辨析:两者均有“包含”、“包括”之意。但include表示所包含之物中的一部分;contain指所包含之物的全部或部分,也可表示某一种物质中含有什么成分。9.damage / destroy ①Don’t do anything that _______the relation between the two countries.②In 1941,the Germans tried to _______the city of St.Petersburg.答案:damages;destroy 辨析:damage意为“损害”、“损坏”,其破坏程度比destroy小;destroy意为“摧毁”、“毁坏”、“破坏”,含有彻底或严重毁坏,以至不复存在、无法修复、无法工作或使用之意。10.worth / worthy ①-How much is this old book _______?-It’s worth $30.②Is this book _______reading once again? ③This book is _______of being read.答案:worth;worth;worthy 辨析:worth只作表语,其后一般跟名词或动名词,若跟不定式或动名词作主语,用“It is worthwhile to do/doing”结构;worthy可作表语或定语,作表语时,其后可跟“of+名词或doing的被动形式或不定式的被动形式”,作定语是,意为“有价值的,可敬的,相称的”。11.believe / believe in ①I _______what he said.②They _______God.答案:believe;believe in 辨析:believe作及物动词是,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。believe in是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)”和“信任(have trust in)”。12.cost / pay / spend / take ①The furniture ______(me)6,000 yuan altogether.②Carele driving may ______you your life.③I ______ $15 for the dictionary.④How much(What)do you _______on clothes each year? ⑤It _______(us)a whole day to paint the house.答案:cost;cost;paid;spend;took 辨析:cost“价值为,值(钱)”,以物作主语,可跟双宾语或只跟直接宾语。pay“花费,支付(金钱)”,同spend一样以人作主语,但常与for, to do搭配,其后可跟宾语、单宾语或不跟宾语。spend“花费(金钱)”,与on, for连用,义同pay for;“花费(时间)”,与on,(in)doing连用;“度过(时光)”。take“需要,必要”,常以(做)某事为主语,以时间做宾语或跟双宾
语,常用在 “It takes sb some time to do sth.”的句型中。13.besides / except / but / except for ①Your composition was well written _______a few spelling mistakes.②She helps to cook and wash _______looking after the baby.③He has done everything _______what I asked him to do.④No one knows Mr.Benson’s addre _______his daughter.⑤We go to the night club _______it is raining.答案:except for;besides;except;except /but;except when 辨析:but和except都表示“除„„之外,没有”,两者大多数情况下可以互换,但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one等词后多用but。except表示从整体上减去一部分,而besides还包括除去的那部分,相当于in addition to。except for意为“除了„„之外”,用于排除非同类事物,其中for表示理由或细节,订正或修正某些事实。except that用做连词,后跟从句,根据从句的需要也可用except when, except where等。14.raise / rise / lift ①She _______and left.②He _______his voice to make himself heard clearly.③The rock is too heavy to _______.答案:rose;raised;lift 辨析:raise是及物动词,意为“举起,抬起”,是lift的同义词,两者有时可以互换,只是lift比raise更口语化,更强调提重物时的费力情况,多指将某物举成垂直状态。rise 意为“升起,提高,起立”,是不及物动词,主语是人时,表示站起来;主语物时,表示某物本身移动到较高的位置或是由底向高变化的过程。15.common / ordinary / general ①Clods are _______in winter.②His _______supper consists of only bread and milk.③This book is intended for the _______reader, not for the specialist.答案:common;ordinary;general 辨析:common强调“常见的,不足为奇的”。ordinary强调“平常的,平淡无奇的”。general意为“普通的,一般的”。16.lay / lie ①You can _______your coat on the bed.②These eggs were not _______by hens but by geese.③By studying we are _______ a foundation for the future.④He _______in the bed with a bad cold yesterday.⑤He _______to his father about the amount of money he had spent.答案:lay;laid;laying;lay;lied 辨析:lay用作及物动词,表示小心地“放下”、“放平”的意思,还可以引申表示“铺设”、“设置”、“砌(砖)”、“产(卵)”、“下(蛋)”、“奠定(基础)”等意思,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是laid, laid, laying。lie是不及物动词,当表示“躺下”、“平躺”、“位于”、“在于”等意思时,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是lay, lain, lying;当表示“说谎”、“撒谎”,其后常接to sb.(about sth.),过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是lied, lied, lying。17.one / that / the one ①His attitude to me was _______of a comrade.②I’m looking for a house and I like _______with a garden.③I like this book better than _______I read last time.答案:that;one;the one
辨析:one和that均可替代前面提到过的名词,that强调特指,且常用of连接后置定语,相当于“the+名词”; one 用于泛指,带有前置定语,相当“a(n)+名词;the one用来替代同类事物中特指的另一个,that的复数形式为 those,而 one的复数形式是 ones。另外不可数名词用 that来代替。
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