The Harmony between Man and Nature_thenaturepark歌曲
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The Harmony between Man and Nature ─Rereading Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea From the Perspective of Ecocriticism
The Old Man and the Sea is Ernest Hemingway’s famous work, has attracted a large number of readers and a great many scholars all over the world.Different people hold different opinions.During decades, comments from critics at home and abroad mostly talk about his code hero，iceberg theory, nothingne thoughts, and tragedy art etc.However, with the environment being damaging, we can reread it from the perspective of ecocriticism.After that, we can easily know that The Old Man and the Sea manifests the author’s deep concern over the living environment of human beings, shows human’s deep love for nature, and reminds human beings to be harmony with nature.The plot of The Old Man and the Sea is mainly about the three days’ activities of the old man.The hero Santiago has been unable to catch a fish for eight-four days, then he decided to catch fish again.Believing that his luck will change, he takes his skiff out and goes into deeper water.At noon, a marlin takes the bait.However, the old man cannot pull it up.Instead, the boat is pulled by the fish.In the following two days, Santiago fights against the fish, and finally on the third day he killed it.But in the following day, sharks appear.To protect his fruit of victory, the old man with all his forces to struggle with sharks.But sharks finally devour the marlin, leaving only the skeleton of the fish.Even so, the old man did not complains any thing.Through the epic struggle between the old man and the marlin, and the fight between the old man and the sharks, the author showed human beings’ marvelous power and new spirit force, and manifested that “Man is not made for defeat … man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
However, from a deeper aspect, I think what author really wants to expre are that human beings’ deep love and respect for nature, and reminds people to be in harmony with nature.1.Human’s deep love for nature In the second chapter of The Old Man and the Sea, we can learn Santiago deeply loved flying fish,the birds and the sea from “In the dark the old man could feel the morning coming...as flying fish left the water...He was sorry for the birds...She(the sea)is kind and very beautiful”, and “the old man always thought of her(the sea)as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favors”.Later, when he met the marlin, even if he has struggled with the fish, he still loved for the fish and take it as his brother.We can learn from chapter 4 that “Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother...this fish which is my brother...”.“There is no one worthy of eating him from the manner of his behavior and his great dignity”(chapter 3).From such kind of words or sentences, we can learn that Santiago is deeply loved that fish that represent the nature, and he showed his admiration, appreciation, respect for the power of nature.From the praise that the old man showed for the fish’s wisdom and beauty, we can know the old man agreed with potential living law of nature.Also, to him, the sea is a living being with a personality ─“she is kind and very beautiful”.He loves the sea.He always thought of the sea as feminine, and if she did something wild or wicked it is because she couldn’t help dong that.As a representative of human being, the old man expre his appreciation for the nature with his simple understanding, and represent the interdependent relationship between human and nature.2.The tragedy of conquering nature Many people take the sentence that “Man is not made for defeat … man can be destroyed but not defeated” to appraise the old man’s image of “code hero”, but at the same time, the tragedy of conquering nature is obviously showed.If a person is destroyed, isn’t he defeated?
The old man try all his best to kill marlin, but unfortunately the fish is finally ate by sharks, which leaving only the skeleton of the fish to he.He obtain nothing and has to face hunger and poor.In fact, the old man is an claical representative of the tragedy of conquering nature.After the fish ate by sharks, he sighed, not for his fruit is snatched, but felt sorry for destroying of beauty.A sense of guilty and pity is aroused from the bottom of his heart and haunted him.The law of nature cannot be changed, and killing is certainly the mutual-reaction between gift and feedback.The marlin devoured by sharks shows it finally get back to the nature, but destroy of nature is inevitably destroy the beauty, and human beings’ living environment.Ignoring the law of nature, wanting to achieving self social value through conquering nature, human being will go to the end of living.3.The appeal for returning the arms of nature The appealing for returning the arms of nature is obvious.Before Santiago went to sea, “he was asleep...dreamed of Africa...the long golden beaches and the white beaches...and the high capes and the great brown mountains...He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach.They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy ”;after he back from the sea, “...the old man was sleeping again...The old man was dreaming about the lions”.When the old is not in the sea, his life is peaceful and comfortable and often dreams of the good things, comparing with the life that stays in the sea and fights against the fish and sharks, paid a lot, but gained nothing.Through this sharp contrast, Hemingway calls for people to return the nature’s arms and to love the nature.In the last part of The Old Man and the Sea, the author planed a meaningful plot, that is “...the long backbone of the great fish that was now just garbage waiting to go out with the tide”.After 3 days fighting, the old man only get the skeleton, and now it is just a garbage.This shows that any actions that want to achieving self social value through breaking the law of nature is inevitably doomed to fail.4.The analysis of Hemingway Hemingway is the second child of his family.His father was a physician, and was an enthusiastic outdoorsman, also he liked outdoor activities, fishing, hunting etc.This profoundly influenced Hemingway.He often goes out with his father and takes part in some outdoor activities.Vast forest, river, sea, green hills provide a inexhaustible source for Hemingway's writing.Loving for hunting, fishing, swimming, skiing makes him more close to nature.He has been to many places, such as, Spain, East Africa, Cuba etc.He closes to nature, enjoys nature, focuses on the nature, tries to return to nature.Even the house that he lives is beautiful places that is very close to nature.He had experienced the two world wars and Spain’s civil war, once had been a ambulance driver, had gotten hurt, had obtained awards, and had divorced three times etc.All his distinguished but rough experiences aroused inspired him to love the nature, to hate wars, and to show his disappointment for the civilization of human even more.It can be said that Hemingway had been finding not destroyed, untapped nature all his life, and hoping to get find comfort from it.In his introduction to Hemingway and the Natural world, Rovert E.Fleming points out that: “few authors in history have been so closely identified with the natural world as Ernest Hemingway”(Fleming, 1999: 1).The fact is that Hemingway’s whole life has never been alienated from the natural world.And in this “Revaluing Nature: Toward an Ecological Criticism”, Glen Love states that “The most important function of literature today is to redirect human consciousne to a full consideration of its place in a threatened natural world”(Love, 1996: 237).In The Old Man and the Sea, we can find a few ecological harmonious descriptions, but more we can see are the pictures of unbalanced ecology.Therefore, we can sincerely feel the author’s feeling, and what the author really calls for is that we should respect the ecology, and live in harmony with the nature.5.Conclusion With the development of modern industries and the deterioration of ecology, environmental protection is advocated urgently.The rereading of Hemingway’s claic work from an perspective of ecocriticism, can change the usual “hero” and “mental triumph” thinking and help us gain new sight into his great concern with man and nature and have great significance to inspire reader’s sense of protecting nature.Also, the attitude of Hemingway toward nature is from the appreciation for nature, the failure of conquering nature, to the appeal for returning nature’s arms, and it is of great significance to inspire readers to reflect, to correct their attitude, behaviors toward nature.If one want to succe based on destroying nature, it will be doomed to be a failure.References
[1]海明威.《老人与海》[M].北京：人民日报出版社，1998.[2]卢国荣.《老人与海》中的生态意识[J].内蒙古民族大学学报，2006，（1）.[3]吴然.《海明威评传》[M].西安：陕西人民出版社，1987 [4]Fleming, Robert.Hemingway and the Natural world.Idaho: University of Idaho Pre, 1999
