专业英语复习题陈琳_电气专业英语复习题

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动物医学、动物科学专业英语复习资料

chromosome染色体roughage粗饲料、粗粮 domestic animals家畜ruminant反刍动物的、沉思的 organism生物体、有机体central nervous system中枢神经系统 monohybrid单因子杂种（的）body weight体重单基因杂种（的）homeotherm恒温动物 hybrid杂种、混血儿、混合的critical temperature临界温度 testcro测交pigment色素、颜料 FSH（follicle stimulating hormone）pasture牧地、放牧促卵泡素breed育种、品种 LH（luteinising hormone）foundation stock基础畜群促黄体素boar野猪肉 photosynthesis光合作用artificial insemination人工受精silage储藏的饲料、青贮ranch大农场、经营牧场 feedstuffs饲料、饲料中的营养成分fermentation发酵 enzyme酶pork猪肉

试述英语专业科技论文结构通常包含那12个部分

Title——论文题目

Author(s)——作者姓名

Affiliation(s)and addre(es)——联系方式 Abstract——摘要

Keywords——关键词 Body-正文

Acknowledgements——致谢，可空缺 References——参考文献

Appendix——附录，可空缺

Resume——作者简介，视刊物而定 Introduction——引言/概述

Materials and Methods——材料和方法 Results——结果 Discuion——讨论

Conclusions——结论/总结

海南大学动物医学、动物科学专业英语复习资料陈琳

In fact, if for some reason the number of chromosomes should vary from normal, vital functions are usually affected to the extent that the organism generally dies during embryonic development.事实上，如果由于某种原因，染色体数目可能与正常不同，生命有机体通常受到影响，有机体一般在胚胎发育过程死亡掉。

The whole subject of gene segregation and recombination and their expreion in the phenotype is sometimes referred to as Mendelian genetics.有时把基因分离与基因重组及基因表达的所有问题都称为孟德尔遗传学。

This cro is special in that all poible kinds of genotypes that can exist in a system with only two alleles are present among the progeny.这种杂交方式的特殊性在于，在后代中尽管只有两个等位基因，但所有可能的基因型都出现。If the two genes in any genotype are the same, as in AA and aa, their effects will be the same upon the phenotype.However, when the heterozygote is involved, we must consider the effects of both of these alleles.如果两个等位基因相同，如AA,aa，它们对表现性的影响是同样的。但是，当涉及杂合子时，我们必须同时考虑两个等位基因间的作用。

Since the poibility exists that it could be heterozygous and still sire several rose-combed chicks before any single-combed ones appeared, five or ten or more progeny should be observed before deciding that the cock is homozygous.由于杂合体公鸡在产生单冠之前，仍可能产生数只玫瑰冠鸡，因此，在判断该鸡是否是纯合体之前，应观察五只，十只或更多的F1代。

Food is material which, after ingestion by animals, is capable of being digested, absorbed and utilised.In a more general sense we use the term food to describe edible material.饲料是被动物摄取之后能够被消化，吸收和利用的物质。一般来说，我们用饲料这一术语来描述可食用的物质。

Animals depend upon plants for their existence and consequently a study of animal nutrition must necearily begin with the plant itself.动物依赖植物而生存，对于动物营养物质的研究，首先必须从植物本省开始。

The greater part of the energy, however, is stored as chemical energy within the plant itself and it is this energy which is used by the animal for the maintenance of life and synthesis of its own body tiues.植物可以通过光合作用，利用太阳能，但大部分能量以化学能的形式储存于植物体内，动物利用这种能量来维持生命和自身身体组织。

An important difference between plants and animals is that, whereas the former can synthesise all the vitamins they require for metabolism, animals cannot, or have very limited powers of synthesis, and are dependent upon an external supply.动植物之间一个重要的区别是植物能够合成自身代谢所需要的全部维生素，而动物则不能或者说合成能力非常有限，主要依靠外源供给。

A system for approximating the value of a feed or material for feeding purposes, without actually using the feed in a feeding trial, was developed at the Weende Experiment Station in Germany over 100 years ago.早在100年前，德国的Weende实验站发明了可不经过实际饲养实验，便可对饲料和原料成分进行近似评估的一套方案。

Protein so determined is referred to as crude protein as contrasted to true protein as determined by more involved procedures.用这种方法测出的蛋白质指的是粗蛋白，要想获得纯蛋白还需经过几步。

The amounts of ether-soluble materials in a feed which are not true fats, however, usually represent only a very small percentage of the overall feed.非脂肪累乙醚可溶物在饲料中含量并不大，因此不会引起较大误差。

This is that portion of metabolizable energy which may be used as needed by the animal for work, growth, fattening, fetal development, milk production, and/or heat production.这是代谢能的一部，动物可以用于做功，生长，育肥，胎儿发育，泌乳，和成熟。

This is especially important from the standpoint of balancing rations for ruminants since such animals normally have significant energy loes of both types, and different feeds and rations vary greatly in the amount of these loes.这对配置反刍动物平衡日粮时尤其重要，因为反刍动物的尿能和发酵气体能的损失很大，而且不同饲料和日粮损失的量也不尽相同。

In the final analysis, however, to the extent that reliable NE values are available, they represent the most precise measure of an animal's energy needs and the capacity of different feeds to meet these needs.在最后的分析中，某种程度上净能是有利用价值的，因为它是精确的反应动物的能量需要以及不同饲料满足这种需要的动力。

Animals have precise nutritional requirements, but under natural conditions are faced with a wide variety of foods to choose from, some of which are nutritionally inadequate.动物有精确的营养需要，但在自然条件下，给予多种饲料被挑选，其中有些是你营养不充分的。

The commercial application of the ability of poultry to select foods for their nutritional content uses a whole cereal grain(e.g.whole wheat)and a balancer food which contains relatively high levels of amino acids, vitamins and minerals.商业上将家禽挑食满足营养需要的能力应用于全谷物（如全小麦）和包含有相对高水平的氨基酸，维生素和微量元素的平衡饲粮。

The theory that poultry have a control system that allows them to choose suitable amounts of different foods to satisfy their nutritional requirements is regarded as being too simplistic and other factors such as the physical form of ingredients M composition of the food, trough position and previous experience are also likely to be involved.家禽存在的控制系统能选择适宜量，不同饲料来满足营养需要的理论被认为过于简单，而其他元素诸如饲料组分的物质形态，饲料成分，料糟位置和先前经历等都可能对采食有影响。Mammals and birds are homeotherms, which means that they attempt to keep their body temperature constant.Animals produce heat continuously and, if they are to maintain a constant body temperature, must lose it to their surroundings.哺乳动物和鸟类都是恒温动物，这意味着它们要试图保持体温恒定。动物不断的产生热量，若要维持体温恒定，就必须把这些热量散发到周围环境中去。

In effect, the rate of heat lo is determined by a complex interaction of factors contributed by the animal and its environment, but it is only the effect of air temperature which has been reasonably well investigated.实际上，散热是由动物与外界环境之间复杂的相互作用决定的，但在环境因素中，只有气温

得到很好研究。

While it is obviously of greater practical significance than the critical temperature recorded for the fasted animal, even the effective critical temperature has limitations as a guide to whether or not animals are likely to have their energy requirements increased by their environment.尽管有效临界温度在确定环境温度是否影响动物能量需要方面有局限性，但是它对饥饿动物有更加明显的实践意义。

Nutritional anaemia resulting from copper deficiency has been produced experimentally in young pigs by diets very low in the element and this type of anaemia could easily arise in such animals fed solely on milk.实验发现若仔猪日粮铜水平很低，则出现营养性贫血，在哺乳期更加发生。

It has long been known that copper salts given in exce to animals are toxic.Continuous ingestion of copper in exce of nutritional requirements leads to an accumulation of the element in the body tiues, especially in the liver.若补充铜盐过多就会导致中毒。如果连续摄取超过营养需要的铜，则导致铜在体内蓄积，尤其是肝脏。