建筑垃圾 中英文讲稿_建筑垃圾再利用案例
建筑垃圾 中英文讲稿由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“建筑垃圾再利用案例”。
1：我是Cora，美国建筑与环境保护协会的学者。
I'm Cora, the scholar of America Aociation of Architectural and Environmental protection.Today，my topic is”Review of urban construction waste”.2：the first,What is construction waste? The second,Claification of construction waste.The third,Impact of construction waste on the environment.The forth,CDW Proceing Technology.3:定义：建筑废弃物(即建筑垃圾)是指建设、施工单位或个人对各类建筑物、构筑物等进行建设、拆迁、修缮及居民装饰房屋过程中所产生的余泥、余渣、泥浆及其他废弃物。
“Construction waste” means any substance, matter or thing which is generated as a result of construction work and abandoned whether or not it has been proceed or stockpiled before being abandoned.4建筑垃圾是指对建筑物、构筑物的建设、维修、拆除和装修的活动中产生的对建筑物本身无用或不需要的排出物料。
It is a mixture of surplus materials arising from site clearance, excavation, construction, refurbishment, renovation, demolition and road works.根据经验，新建项目产生的垃圾数量大约为建筑项目原材料总量的10%--20%.According to experience, the amount of garbage generated new project is about 10%--20% of the total construction project of raw materials 5超过90％的建筑垃圾是惰性的，被称为公众填料。公众填料包括碎片，瓦砾，泥土和混凝土，适用于土地复垦和土地平整。
Over 90% of construction waste are inert and are known as public fill.Public fill includes debris, rubble, earth and concrete which is suitable for land reclamation and site formation.剩余的非惰性物质的建筑废物包括竹，木材，植被，包装废弃物和其他有机材料。相反，公众填料，非惰性废物是不适合的土地复垦和受重用/可回收物品的回收，被弃置在堆填区。
The remaining non-inert substances in construction waste include bamboo, timber, vegetation, packaging waste and other organic materials.In contrast to public fill, non-inert waste is not suitable for land reclamation and subject to recovery of reusable/ recyclable items, is disposed of at landfills.6建筑业的贡献的废物流中的一个主要部分在美国。
The construction industry contributes a major portion of the waste stream in the United States.Reduction of construction waste is a major topic.美国建筑材料消耗
US Construction Material Consumption 从图中可以看出建筑材料消耗急剧增加，尤其是近20年。
As can be seen from the graph construction material consumption increased rapidly, especially in recent 20 years.欧洲CDW增长和中国建筑生产总值
EU CDW increase-China Construction Product “中国可能成为最大的建筑浪费国”.China may become the biggest construction waste States.7：随着城市化和人口膨胀，垃圾问题严重得多，这些年比过去;因此，废物管理已经以保护环境已经从政府压制的问题。
With the urbanization and population expansion ,the waste problems are much more serious these year than in past;therefore, waste management had been a preed iue from the government in order to protect the environment.建筑垃圾的扩张不仅是资源的巨大消耗，但也导致了严重的环境污染，从而创造负面影响的环保产业和社会的可持续发展。
The expansion of construction wastes not only represents an enormous diipation of resources but also results in serious environmental pollution, thus creating negative effects to the sustainable development of environmental industry and society.8:数量大，普遍性，经常性，污染性是建筑垃圾的特点。
The number of large, widespread, frequent, pollution is characteristic of construction waste.there are so many construction waste that more and more lands are occupied.9：由于有越来越多的高度房屋建筑和老城市的改造需求将不可避免地恶化了环境，而无需废物管理。
As there are highly increasing demands on house buildings and the rebuilding of the old cities will inevitably worsen the environment without waste management.如果没有强制性的规定和合同的要求（更糟糕的是，有没有这样的法律规定，目前），大多数项目都混了不同的废物一起送到垃圾填埋场直接。
Without compulsory rules and contract requirements(and what’s more, there is no this kind of laws and requirements at present), most projects all mixed the different waste together and send to landfill directly.10有些垃圾直接被放置在河边，与此同时有些户外垃圾被雨水浸泡，导致的结果是水污染。
Some garbage is placed directly in the river, while some rain soaked outdoor trash, resulting in the pollution.11 12Health & Ecological Risks deriving
from CDW(f.e.asbestos fibres)建筑垃圾对卫生和生态造成的危险（如石棉纤维）
German Reichstag Berlin, the demolition of this building in the center of east Berlin was delayed for several years due to the ‘asbestos’ problems.位于德国东柏林市中心的德国国会大厦。由于“石棉”问题，这座大厦的拆除延迟了几年。
Other contamination or hazardous waste materials: 其他受污染或危险废物材料包括：
PCBs, Cyanides, Cr VI, Heavy metals(lead containing paints, mercury switches, neon bulbs,..), mineral oil, solvents, >1 % asbestos containing materials, pesticides, radioactive contamination,..PCB、氰化物、Cr VI、重金属（含铅油漆、水银开关、氖灯管等）、矿物油、溶剂、石棉含量大于1%的材料、杀虫剂、放射性污染物等 13建筑公司用较低的沉积成本和较低的受益减少废物的产生采购成本原生材料。
Construction companies benefit from reduced waste generation by lower deposition costs and lower purchasing costs virgin materials.施工活动产生的各类建筑垃圾，包括土壤，污泥（剩余的涂料和抛弃材料等）等，其中还包括可变的可回收材料，如钢材和木材的浪费。可回收的废物一些研究发达国家作出的比例高达95％，即整体的废物，只有百分之五是不可回收。建筑活动从固体废物的生产和不可回收利用的材料（中国政府说服近40％的天然资源和能源使用的40％（吴，2004），但浪费了大约30十亿人民币（$ 1=8.0273元）2004年）。为了节省能源和资源，固体废物管理，包括建筑垃圾的管理，是一个必要的过程。
Construction activities are generating various types of construction waste, including soil, sludge(surplus materials and abandon materials, etc), etc., which is also included variable recyclable materials, such as steel and timber waste.The proportion of recyclable waste to some research made in developed countries, is up to 95%, namely, only five percent of the overall waste is unrecyclable.Construction activities convinced nearly 40 percent of the natural resources and used 40 percent of energy(Wu, 2004), but wasted around 30 billion yuan(1$=8.0273yuan)from the productions of solid wastes and by not recycling materials(China Government, 2004).To save the energy and resources, the solid waste management, including construction waste management, is a neceary procedure.15、16：美国每年有1亿吨废弃混凝土被加工成骨料用于工程建设，其中，68%的再生骨料被用于道路基础建设，6%被用于搅拌混凝土，9%被用于搅拌沥青混凝土，3%被用于边坡防护，7%被用于回填基坑，7%被用在其他地方。
America every year 1 tons of waste concrete is proceed into aggregate used in engineering construction, among them, 68% recycled aggregate is used for road infrastructure, 6% is used for mixing of concrete, 9% is used for mixing the asphalt concrete, 3% is used for slope protection, 7% were used for backfilling foundation pit, 7% are used elsewhere.17当正确的排序，材料如混凝土和沥青可再循环，用于建筑。
When properly sorted, materials such as concrete and asphalt can be recycled for use in construction.18处置公众填料在公众填土区和混合建筑废物分类设施，垃圾填埋场或已为建筑垃圾管理的主要手段。对于可持续发展，我们不能再仅仅依靠填海接受大部分惰性建筑废物。因此，政府正在研究如何减少并促进再利用和回收的建筑垃圾。尽管如此，仍然会有那些需要处理的材料大量，无论是在公众填料接收设施或堆填区。
Disposal of public fill at public filling areas and mixed construction waste at sorting facilities or landfills has been the major approach for construction waste management.For sustainable development, we can no longer rely solely on reclamation to accept most of the inert construction waste.As such, the government is examining ways to reduce and also to promote the reuse and recycling of construction waste.Neverthele, there will still be a substantial amount of materials that require disposal, either at public fill reception facilities or at landfills.20C&DW Treatment 建筑拆迁废物
material recovery & safe landfill space 材料回收，节省填埋空间 EU 2004: CDW 50% of solid waste, 245 mio t/a in Germany 2004年欧洲CDW占固体废弃物50%；德国CDW年产量为2.45亿吨 21 Mobile & Fixed CDW Recyling Plants 移动式和固定式回收厂
Germany 2002 = 2290 plants 2002年德国拥有2290座工厂
提高环境意识和沉积废物的成本增加造成了许多施工企业重新评估他们的做法。
Both increased environmental awarene and increased cost for depositing waste have caused many construction companies to reevaluate their practices.22完善的立法执法，建立全面的环境法是必要的Improving the legislative enforcement and build up comprehensive environmental law are neceary
