马歇尔_马歇尔属

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Thurgood Marshall was America's leading radical.He led a civil rights revolution in the 20th century that forever changed the landscape of American society.But he is the least well known of the three leading black figures of this century.Martin Luther King Jr., with his preachings of love and non-violent resistance, and Malcolm X, the fiery street preacher who advocated a bloody overthrow of the system, are both more closely aociate in the popular mind and myth with the civil rights struggle.But it was Thurgood Marshall, working through the courts to eradicate the legacy of slavery and destroying the racist segregation system of Jim Crow, who had an even more profound and lasting effect on race relations than either of King or X.It was Marshall who ended legal segregation in the United States.He won Supreme Court victories breaking the color line in housing, transportation and voting, all of which overturned the 'Separate-but-Equal' apartheid of American life in the first half of the century.It was Marshall who won the most important legal case of the century, Brown v.Board of Education, ending the legal separation of black and white children in public schools.The succe of the Brown case sparked the 1960s civil rights movement, led to the increased number of black high school and college graduates and the incredible rise of the black middle-cla in both numbers and political power in the second half of the century.And it was Marshall, as the nation's first African-American Supreme Court justice, who promoted affirmative action--preferences, set-asides and other race conscious policies--as the remedy for the damage remaining from the nation's history of slavery and racial bias.Justice Marshall gave a clear signal that while legal discrimination had ended, there was more to be done to advance educational opportunity for people who had been locked out and to bridge the wide canyon of economic inequity between blacks and whites.He worked on behalf of black Americans, but built a structure of individual rights that became the cornerstone of protections for all Americans.He succeeded in creating new protections under law for women, children, prisoners, and the homele.Their greater claim to full citizenship in the republic over the last century can be directly traced to Marshall.Even the American pre had Marshall to thank for an expansion of its liberties during the century.Marshall's lifework, then, literally defined the movement of race relations through the century.He rejected King's peaceful protest as rhetorical fluff that accomplished no permanent change in society.And he rejected Malcolm X's talk of violent revolution and a separate black nation as racist crazine in a multi-racial society.The key to Marshall's work was his conviction that integration--and only integration--would allow equal rights under the law to take hold.Once individual rights were accepted, in Marshall's mind, then blacks and whites could rise or fall based on their own ability.Marshall's deep faith in the power of racial integration came out of a middle cla black perspective in turn of the century Baltimore.He was the child of an activist black community that had established its own schools and fought for equal rights from the time of the Civil War.His own family, of an interracial background, had been at the forefront of demands by Baltimore blacks for equal treatment.Out of that unique family and city was born Thurgood Marshall, the architect of American race relations in the twentieth century

After Marshall died in 1993 there was still no authoritative, thorough account of his life and the impact his work had on the nation.The combination of his reclusivene and his standing in popular culture as an elderly, establishment figure blinded much of the nation to the importance of Marshall's work.Young people were especially uninformed about the critical role

Marshall had played in making history.A new biographyis intended to fill some of that vacuum.In these pages the great storyteller tells his stories.And the history, of both his family and the civil rights movement, are in one place so that future generations can understand the dynamics that created and sustained Marshall's conception of succeful race relations.Given that Marshall laid the foundation for today's racial landscape, his grand design of how race relations best work makes his life's story eential for anyone delving into the powder-keg of America's greatest problem.He was truly an American Revolutionary.瑟古德·马歇尔是美国领先的激进。他领导的公民权利，永远地改变了美国社会的景观在20世纪的革命。但他是知名的三大主导本世纪的黑色数字。马丁·路德·金，他的说教，爱与非暴力抵抗，和马尔科姆X，谁主张血腥推翻了系统的火热的街头传教士，都在流行的头脑和神话，更加紧密地联系在一起民事权利的斗争。但它是瑟古德·马歇尔，通过法院工作，以铲除奴隶制遗留下来的和销毁吉姆·克罗种族主义种族隔离制度，种族关系更为深刻和持久的效果比任国王或X

这是马歇尔在美国结束种族隔离法律。他赢得了最高法院的胜利，打破了在住房，交通和投票的颜色的线，所有这一切都推翻了在本世纪的上半年美国生活“分离但平等”的种族隔离。这是马歇尔，谁赢得了本世纪最重要的法律的情况下，布朗诉教育委员会，结束了在公立学校的黑人和白人儿童的合法分居。布朗案的成功，引发了20世纪60年代民权运动，导致黑色的高中和大学毕业生的数量增加和黑人中产阶级在这两个数字和下半年在本世纪的政治力量的难以置信的上升。

它是马歇尔，作为国家的第一位非洲裔最高法院司法，促进扶持行动国家的奴隶制和种族偏见的历史遗留下来的损害补救。大法官马歇尔已锁定弥合黑人和白人之间的经济不平等峡谷的人给了一个明确的信号，而结束了法律上的歧视，有更多的工作要做，以推进教育机会。

他曾代表美国黑人，但结构建立了一个个人的权利，成为保护所有美国人的基石。他成功地创建根据新的法律保护妇女，儿童，囚犯，和无家可归者。他们更声称在过去一个世纪的共和国公民可以直接追溯到马歇尔。甚至有美国媒体马歇尔感谢扩大其在本世纪的自由。

马歇尔的毕生的事业，那么，从字面上定义的种族关系，通过世纪的运动。作为修辞的绒毛，完成没

有在社会上的永久性改变，他拒绝了国王的和平抗议。他拒绝了马尔科姆X的谈话暴力革命和黑人种族主义狂热在一个多种族的社会，作为一个单独的国家。

马歇尔的工作，关键是他的信念，即整合将允许根据法律规定的平等权利，采取搁置。个人权利一旦被接受马歇尔的头脑，然后黑人和白人可能上升或下降的基础上自己的能力。

马歇尔在种族融合的力量笃信来到一个中产阶级黑色的角度，在本世纪巴尔的摩之交。他是一个激进的黑人社区建立了自己的学校和内战时的平等权利而战的孩子。他自己的家庭，种族背景，已在巴尔的摩黑人要求平等对待的前列。出来的，独特的家庭和城市出生瑟古德·马歇尔，美国的种族关系在20世纪的建筑师。

马歇尔在1993年去世后仍然有没有权威，全面考虑他的生活和他的工作对国家的影响。他的隐逸和他的流行文化中的地位，作为一个老人，建立数字蒙蔽马歇尔的工作的重要性，许多国家的组合。有关马歇尔在创造历史的发挥至关重要的作用，尤其是年轻人不了解。

一个新的传记是为了填补这一真空。在这些网页上，伟大的说书人讲述他的故事。和他的家人和民权运动的历史，是在一个地方，使子孙后代能够了解动态创建和持续马歇尔成功的种族关系的概念。鉴于马歇尔奠定了基础，为今天的种族景观，他的宏伟蓝图如何种族关系最好的工作使他一生的故事必不可少的人钻研到美国的最大的问题粉桶。他是真正的美国革命。