英语同音异形异义词(推荐)_英语同音异形异义词

2020-02-29 其他范文 下载本文

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英语同音异义词的总结

英语的词汇比汉语大得多,而英语中的同音词要比汉语少得多,这是一个值得研究的课题。本文想仅就造成同音词的原因做一下抛砖引玉式的分析,以期引起人们对这一―被遗忘的角落‖的关注。

一、专有名词与普通单词发音相同。

这些专有名词在汉语中有相应的音译词语,已经为国人所熟悉,学起来读易好记,轻松有趣。写在横线前面的系专有名词,后面的为普通单词。

Korea—career, Gaul(高卢人)—gall, Chile—chilli—chili–chilly, Greece—grease, Dane—deign, Finnish—finish, Bonn—bonne,Bern—burn,Cannes—can,Nice—niece,Seoul—soul—sole, Rome—roam, Bali—barley, Wales—whales—wails, Gana—garner, Kashmir—cashmere, Latin—lattin, Hyde—hide—hied, Maine—main—mane, Venus—venous, Klan—clan, Martin—marten, Oder—oder, Seine—sane—sain, Kant—cant

二、缩略词与普通名词发音相同。

I‘d—eyed, I‘ll—isle—aisle, aren‘t—ant—aunt, he‘ll—heel—heal, we‘ll—wheel—wheal—weal, we‘re—weir, we‘d—weed, where‘s—wares, he‘d—heed, Mi.—mi, AIDS—aids

三、名词的复数形式或动词的单数第三人称与普通单词发音相同。

Locks—lox, laps—lapse, nays—neighs—naze, haves—hose, ewes—use, brows—browse, corps—cause, cocks—cox, days—daze, claws—clause, flecks, mews—muse, paws—pause, rays—raise—rase –raze, rows—rouse, tacks—tax, ova—over, feet—feat, wacks—wax, arms—alms

四、动词的过去式或过去分词与普通单词发音相同。

这些动词的过去式有:

Blew—blue, flew—flu, gilt—guilt, knew—new, saw—sore—soar, threw—through, wore—war, wrote—rote, rode—road, were—whir.这些动词的过去分词有:

Seen—scene, grown—groan, done—dun, thrown—throne, been—bean, born—borne—bourn, sought—sort, caught—court, taught—taut, heard—herd, won—one, sent—cent—scent, led—lead, fought—fort—forte.五、前缀与普通单词发音相同。

Anti—vs.ante, bi—vs.by—bye—buy, vice—vs.vise

六、因相邻字母重复与其它单词发音相同。

有些是因为词尾的两个字母重复造成的同音词,如

add—ad, butt—but, bee—be, bo—bos, canva—canvas, inn—in, nill—nil, wee—we, too—to, frizz—friz, redd—red, mandrill—mandril

有些是因为单词中间的两个字母重复造成的同音词,如

deert—desert, cannon—canon, femme—feme

七、“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。

重读― r ‖ 音节造成的同音词。

Birth—berth, curn—kern—kirn, curb—kerb, firn—fern, surf—serf, surge—serge, mar—ma, spar—spa, farther—father, hart—heart, worn—warn, forth—fourth, for—fore—four—faugh.非重读― r ‖ 音节造成的同音词。alter—altar, seller—cellar, lumber—lumbar, manor—manner, razor—razer, minor--miner, prior—prier, sensor--censor , fakir—faker, sucker—succor, rumor—roomer, hanger—hangar, calendar—calender , trooper--trouper, meter—meter , steeler—stealer, waver—waiver,leaver—lever, weever—weaver.八、因不同的字母组合发音相同而构成的同音词。

1.当字母组合—ea—, —ee—, —ie—读作[ i :]时:

beat—beet, beach—beech, cheap—cheep, lea—lee, creak—creek, leak—leek, leach—leech, pea—pee, peal—peel, seam—seem, meat—meet—mete, breach—breech, steal—steel, team—teem, flea—flee, weak—week, sea—see, seal—seel—ceil, weald—wield, leaf—lief, lean—lien, mean—mien

2。当字母组合—a—, —ai—, —ay—, —ea—读作[ei]:

steak—stake, gate—gait, plait—plate, break—brake, faint—feint

3.当母组合—ear—, —eer— , —ere—, —ier—读作[ i ] 时:

sheer—shear, steer—stere, tear—tier, dear—deer, peer—pier, beer—bier, hear—here

4.当字母组合—air—, —ear—, —ere—读作 [ ε ]

pear—pair—pare—pere, tear—tare, fair—fare, mare—mayor, hair—hare, glair—glare, flair—flare

5.当字母组合 —ou—,—ow—读作 [au]

foul—fowl, praw—prau, flour—flower

6.当字母组合—al—, —au—, —aw—, —or—, —oor—读作 [ :] 时:

all—awl, ball—bowl, hall—hawl , mall—maul, flaw—floor, chaw—chore, paw—pore—pour, lawn—lorn, laud—lord, pawn—porn, raw—roar, stalk—stolk

7.当字母组合o—, —oa—, —ow— 读作 [ ou ] 时:

melo—mellow, lo—low, hollo—hollow, loan—lone, flow—floe, so—sow—sew, brooch--broach

8.当字母组合—ou—,--oo--,--u--读作[ u: ] 时:

stoop—stoup—stoep, goop—goup, groom—grume

9.当字母组合 —al—、—el— 在词尾读作[ l]

principle—principal, dial—diel, bridal—bridle, naval—navel, dual—duel, mutual—mutuel

10.当字母组合—o—, —u—读作[ ∧ ]时:

son—sun, some—sum, sonny—sunny, none—nun

11.当词尾的—y—和—ie— 发[ i ] 时:

talky—talkie, girly—girlie, roomy—roomie,12.当 ‗y‘ 和 ‗i‘ 在相对应的位置上时:

hyp—hip, gybe—gibe,13.当字母组合 —ay—, —ey—都发[ei ]时,如:

pray—prey

14.当字母‗c‘ 在 ‗i, e, y‘ 前读 [ s ] , 或 ‗c‘ 在其他情况下读 [k ] 时:

ascent—aent, cereal—serial, practice--practise

字母‗c‘读[k ]时更多些:

pic—pick, sic—sick, bloc—block, spec—speck, specs—specks, bank—banc, torc—talk, yack—yak, scag—skag, scull—skull, cash—cashe, cast—karst, cart—kart, craft—kraft, colonel—kernel

15.—a—, —ar—, —er— 在词尾发[ ]音时:

canna—canner, quota—quoter, tabula—tabular

九、因不发音的字母或字母组合造成的同音词。

1.―a‖在词尾不发音:

cocoa—coco

2.b‖ 在以―—mb‖ 结尾的词中不发音

climb—clime, lamb—lam, plumb—plum, jamb—jam, coomb—coom, subtle--suttle

3.― c‖ 不发音:

schort—short, schorl--shawl

4.― d‖ 不发音:

handsome--hansom

5.―e‖ ― a‖在词尾不发音: ore—or—oar—awe, grate—great, brake—break, parol—parole, griff—griffe, prose—pro, dyeing—dying, sale—sail, pale—pail, male—mail, lute—loot, pane—pain, base—ba

6.―n‖ 前的―g‖常常为无声字母:

reign—rein, gnaw—nor, sign—sine, feign—fain—fane, gnei—nice

7.不发音的―h‖ 常常在 ―w‖, ― t‖, ―c‖, ―a‖, ―g‖之后

while—wile, when—wen, whack—wack, whale—wale—wail, whit—wit, whet—wet, whiz—wiz, wheal—weal--wheel, thyme—time, chord—cord, choral—coral, minah—miner—minor, donah—dona, ghyll—gill

8.―k‖在― n‖前常常不发音:

knot—not, know—no, knit—nit, knight—night—nite, knap—nap, knob--nob, knock—nock, knobble—nobble, knay—nay, knave—nave

9.无声字母 ―l‖ 多在 ―n‖, ―m‖前:

halm—harm, holm—home, balm—barm,yolk—yoke

10.以字母组合mn结尾的单词―n‖ 不发音时造成的同音词:

damn—dam, hymn—him, limn—limb

11.声字母―p‖

corps—core—cow, psych—sike

12.无声字母 ―r‖

iron—ion

13.无声字母 ―s‖

islet—eyelet, hors—hoar

14.―t‖ 在―ch‖ 前或在词尾不发音时造成的同音词:

retch—reach, letch—lech, witch—which, batch—bach, tchick—chick, trait—tray, mot—mo—mow

15.―w‖在 ―r‖ , ―h‖前不发音: write—wright—rite—right, wring—ring, wrick—rick, wrest—rest, wrap—rap, wrack—rack, wreck—reck—rec, wretch—retch, whole—hole, whoop—hoop, wholly—holy

16.―u‖ 在― b‖, ―g‖后不发音

buy—by—bye, buoy—boy, buyer—byre, guilt—gilt, guild—gild, guerilla—gorilla, guelder—gelder

17.―q‖ 后面的 ―ue‘ 不发音

clique—cleek, casque—cask, masque –mask, coque—cock, pique—peak—peek—peke

18.字母组合―gh‖不发音 eight—ate, might—mite,sight—site—cite,sought—sort,straight—strait,bought—bort, slight—sleight, through—threw, bough—bow, sleigh—slay, weigh—way—whey, aweigh—away, high—hi—hie, weight—wait

十、英语单词与外来词同音

在快速走向国际化的进程中,英语对其他民族的语言慷慨―拿来‖。有些外来词恰好与某个英语词汇发音相同。

1.诺曼底人统治英伦长达百年,不少法语单词直接参与了英语的交流。每组词汇中前为法语:

franc—franck, clou—clew—clue, grippe—grip, parti—party, petit—petty, aide—aid, salle—sal, eau—owe, timbre—timber, revue—review, remarque—remark, revers—revere

2.二战后,美国在经济、军事上―高悬霸主鞭‖,作为―上层建筑‖的语言文化美语呈现出后来居上、咄咄逼人的态势。(前为美语)

Baron—barren, gene—gin, kook—cook, doc—dock, pokey—poky, check—cheque

3.印度曾为英国的殖民地,印度英语是印度化了的英语(前为印度式英语)。

outcaste—outcast, ryot—riot, dak—dark, lakh—lark 1.德语和英语同属印欧语系的西日耳曼语支,同音词的队伍中偶尔可见德语的身影:

Heir—hare—hair, Lied—lead

英语中的同音异形异义词

add-ad aids-aides allowed-aloud alter-alter ark-arc bail-bale band-banned base-ba beach-beech bear-bare bite-byte block-bloc blue-blew bored-board bread-bred break-brake brews-bruise browse-brows bury-berry cannon-canon cereal-serial chili-chilly choose-chews clause-claw colonel-kernel complimentary-complementary core-corps course-coarse creak-creek,cruise-crews deert-desert die-dye fate-fete find-fined flee-flea flower-flour fur-fir guerrilla-gorilla heal-heel heroin-heroine him-hymn horse-hoarse I’ll-isle-aisle

idle-idol knows-noses know-no leak-leek led-lead lightning-lightening made-maid marshal-martial mat-matt mayor-mare medal-meddle mied-mist not-knot one-won ours-hours,overseas-oversees pair-pear-pare palate-palette-pallet paste-paced pours-pores peak-peek-pique peer-pier pigeon-pidgin plum-plumb pole-poll queue-cue rain-reign-rein raise-raze-rays sensor-censor sent-cent-scent shoot-chute soar-sore soul-sole-Seoul stair-stare stake-steak stationary-stationery straight-strait swat-swot sweet-suite tale-tail taught-taut team-teem tear-tier through-throne tick-tic tire-tide time-thyme toe-tow vain-vein wait-weight warn-worn waste-waist wave-waive way-weigh week-weak we’ll-wheel we’ve-weave whale-wail whales-Wales what-watt where-wear-ware whether-weather which-witch whole-hole wine-whine

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