Immigrants to Europe曾焕婷_英国脱欧与欧洲一体化

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Key facts: Africa to Europe migration Thousands of Africans try to make the journey to Europe each year as illegal migrantsbe it mainland Europe or the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla or islands in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.The main departure points are: 

West coast of Africa: Northern Mauritania, Western Sahara and southern Morocco from where most head for the Canary Islands.

Northern Morocco to cro into Ceuta and Melilla or cro the straits to Spain.

Tunisia and Libya for boats heading for Italy's island of Lampedusa, Sicily and Malta.But first the migrants must cro great distances.The main routes are: SMUGGLERS' PRICES BY SEA:



Africa to Canary Islands: 1,000-1,500 euros 

North Morocco to Spain: 1,000 euros 

Libya to Italy: 1,500-2,000 euros BY LAND: 

Sub-Sahara to Morocco: 1,000-2,000 euros 

Through Mali: 1,000 euros 

Acro Sahara: 1,700-3,400 euros BY AIR/LAND/SEA:



South Asia to Africa to Europe: 9,000-16,000 eurosSource: UN Route: West African coast Destination: Canary Islands Via: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Guinea-Biau, Senegal, The Gambia, Mauritania and Western Sahara to northern coast of Morocco Dangers: sea croing to Canaries Who: Mainly migrants from these countries Route: Western Sahara Destination: Canary Islands Via: Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara or southern Morocco Dangers: Croing Sahara, guerrillas Who: Mainly migrants from Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin Route: Central Sahara Destinations: Canary Islands, Spain, Italy Via: Niger, northern Mauritania, Western Sahara or southern Morocco;northern Morocco;Tunisia or Libya Dangers: Croing desert and sea Who: Mainly migrants from countries south of Niger, via Cameroon and Nigeria Route: Eastern Sahara Destinations: Lampedusa, Sicily, and Malta Via: Tunisia and Libya Dangers: Desert and sea croing Who: Mainly migrants from Sub-Sahara Africa Route: Horn of Africa to Libya Destinations: Lampedusa, Sicily, and Malta Via: Sudan Dangers: Desert and sea croing Who: Mainly from Somalia and Ethiopia DESTINATION SPAIN As the closest European country to the African continent, Spain is on the frontline for illegal migration.From there, migrants often make their way to other European countries.Spain's enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in northern Morocco are initial targets for many migrants.Once detained they can be expelled, repatriated or sent to mainland Spain, where many are reported to be released, pending expulsion.The enclaves' authorities were forced to double the size of border fences around the coastal territories in 2005 when hundreds of migrants attempted to scale the defences.Two migrants were shot dead by a Moroccan guard.For years, people have risked croing the sea to get to mainland Spain, but in 2006 there was a closer focus on its islandsabout 4.6m compared with 890,000 in the US, according to the International Organization for Migration.But the Migration Policy Institute believes there are between seven and eight million irregular African immigrants living in the EUGhana, Nigeria and Senegal, in particular.About 22,016 people reached Italy by boat in 2006, down slightly from 2005.But the sea croings are not without their dangersin some cases making up a sizeable chunk of the home country's GDP.