考研应用文种类(共)_考研应用文
考研应用文种类(共)由刀豆文库小编整理,希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便,猜你可能喜欢“考研应用文”。
篇1:考研英语写作应用文的考查类型及测试要点 考研英语写作应用文的考查类型及测试要点
一、信函类 1.信的基本类型
英文书信主要分为两大类:私人信函和公务信函。私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间的往来书信,其内容比较自由,只需要包括以下几个部分即可:日期、称呼、正文、落款。公务信函类型多样,应用范围非常广泛,属正式文体,包括求职信、辞职信、拒聘信、询问信、复询信、留学和奖学金申请信、投诉信、答复赔偿信等。此类信件的共同特点是:1.内容明确,不可漫无目标;2.措辞诚恳,坦然,不能感情夸张;3.语言清晰、简洁、有礼。2.各类信函的内容要点
以下主要针对公务信函,介绍几种常见信函的基本特点。对于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根据本书的介绍做到举一反三。
(1)求职信(letters of applying for a job)
通常包含三个部分:a)引言部分写明写信原因、具体谋求的职位、获得申请信息的来源(如:报纸广告、熟人介绍)等。b)发展部分叙述自己能够胜任该职位所具备的条件,包括教育背景、工作经历、社会实践等。这部分内容要具体,不要空洞游说或者列举,用事实说服会更有力。c)结尾部分再次表达对职位的渴望,争取面试机会。
引言:i am writing to apply for the post of...advertised in...in answer to your advertisement in...for the post of..., i would like to apply for...i have learned from...(sb)of your opening/vacancy for...(job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.发展:i am now a senior student in(department)of(university), and i expect to graduate in(date)with a degree in(discipline).i receive my(degree)in(subject)from(name of university)in(date).i was awarded the prize of(title)in(month/year)for(eg.good performance in etc.)i am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.结尾:enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.if these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.(2)辞职信(letters of resignation)
需要注意的是:避免负面评论。
常用套语如下:
称呼:dear mr.smith 辞职决定和理由: with regret, i am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.缓和语气的话:i would like to expre my sincere gratitude and thanks for all the support that i have received over the last few weeks, and for the enjoyable i hope you will consider my request, and i apologize for any inconveniences i might have caused.i wish all of you a prosperous future(3)留学和奖学金申请信(letters of applying for admittance and scholarship)申请者是通过申请信争取继续学习和获得奖学金的机会,而申请学校负责人则是通过该信决定其是否具有这样的机会。
a)申请该学校/奖学金的原因;b)使你对某个专业产生兴趣的学术背景和训练;c)工作经验;d)能证明你潜能的研究;
i am a student in..., expecting to graduate with a bachelor’s degree this summer.i am interested in...and plan to apply for admiion for(time).i am writing in the hope that i may obtain an opportunity to further my study in...i should be pleased to forward my credentials, such as references, transcripts and photocopies of ielts scores.(4)询问信(letters of inquiry)
询问信是请求对方提供需要信息的信件。可分三大部分:引言部分自我介绍并讲明询问目的。发展部分是询问的主要内容,如果包括多个方面,为了让对方一目了然,也便于回答,在内容的安排上应简明扼要,可以用数字列出具体问题,如first, second, third或1、2、3。
引言:as a student at...university, i am preparing for...your answers to the questions below would help me...as we are particularly interested in..., we should be grateful if you would kindly...发展:could you please send me the relevant information and application form? 结尾:your answer will contribute to my project.i would appreciate receiving your answer by...(time).(5)投诉信
投投诉信是因为对服务、商品等不满而向诸如商店、厂家、消费者协会等相关负责机构写的信件。
1)反映问题。
引言:i am returning...which i bought from your store in...(time).发展:this has put us to great inconvenience.therefore, i am returning...and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.i would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.having been given your excellent reputation, i am sure you will do everything poible to...(6)建议信 建议信是写信人希望对解决问题有所帮助而向相关部门或者个人写的信件,其主要目的是提出自己的意见,希望对方能够采纳并采取相应行动。为了达到交际目的,所提建议要合理、可行、容易让对方接受。
常用套语有:
提出问题:it seems that „(not have desired effects, not have obtained the full attention;be not satisfactory/ perfect;have harmful/ deadly/ serious/negative effects)i am „(deeply/ really/ seriously/ terribly/greatly)concerned / worried / sad / confused about„
分析原因:currently, „ especially „;therefore,„;this leads to„;one of the factors is „;it is understood that if„it will„.(7)道歉信
道歉信是写信人对未尽之事向收信人表示歉意。所有道歉信都需要注意的是:解释的理由要真实而详细,态度要诚恳、语言要诚挚,从而使收信人理解,并达到最终谅解。
常用套语有:
表达歉意:there’s no excuse for „ i forgot to „.i am indeed very sorry for „, but believe i had no intention to„ here is my deepest apology for...please forgive me for „
解释苦衷:the fact is that i had „/ unfortunately i „/ i had a small accident „/ i have some urgent busine to deal with my behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and i must tell you how „
请求原谅提出补救方法:i want you to know how badly feel about„ and to aure you that it will not happen again.i realize that particular„ is irreplaceable, but i hope you will use the enclosed check to purchase a similar one.i hope this situation can be mended to everyone’s satisfaction.i can only hope you will forgive „ on my part.(8)感谢信
感谢信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出,感激之情要传达得真挚自然,不要刻意夸大。感谢信所涉及的内容多种多样,比如可以感谢对方替自己做了一件事情,在自己痛苦时安慰了自己,出席了自己的宴会等等。
常用套语有:
表达感激之情:thanks so much for„;abundant thanks to „ for„ i’m writing to expre my heartfelt thanks for „
on behalf of my whole family, i wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in „i must write to thank you for inviting me to„
肯定对方帮助的价值及影响:you will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help.your „meant more than i can expre in words.nothing can be more precious for me than your„
表达回报的愿望:i hope i can return the favor someday „ do call on me if i can ever return the favor.感谢信中比较特殊是求职者面试后给面试官写的信。此类感谢信的内容不只是感谢,而是一般感谢信和求职信的结合。其主要内容包括:(1)感谢对方给你面谈的机会,并注明你面试的时间和所求的职位;(2)说明你对该公司、该职位的兴趣,强调你的知识与技能符合公司的需要,表示自己能为公司的发展做出贡献。
二、其他应用文
(一)告示与通知notice and announcement 告示、通知之类的应用文,写法灵活多样,有正式和非正式等多种形式,其目的均为告诉公众某件事或某项活动。文字要求简洁易懂,表达直截了当。这部分又可分为两类,一类是有关部门就某事发出的通知或张贴的告示,此类文件要求结构严谨,用词确切,通常使用比较正式的文体。
(二)便笺(便条)note 便笺是一种简短信函,形式比书信简单,多使用非正式文体。内容可包括:时间、收信人、事由、写信人。通常不写发信人地址,开头甚至可以略去dear等称呼,结尾也可略去祝贺的话和yours sincerely等语言。其使用语言特点是通常情况下比一般的信函更接近口语。
(三)备忘录 memo 备忘录的主要作用是为雇员传达信息,它一般局限于公司或部门内部的交流,本公司或部门之外的人一般看不到。
备忘录一般使用非正式文体,但也可以根据内容及收文人与发文人之间关系而具体决定,例如向上级报道重要事情就需要使用正式文体。
备忘录的结构形式一般包括以下几个部分:
(2)信头(headings):包括to,from,subject和date等措词。
(5)附件(enclosure)
篇2:2016考研英语应用文考什么? 2016考研英语应用文考什么?
1、咨询类 directions: your letter should be no le than 100 words.you don’t need to write the addre.don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.dear sir or madam, i am a chinese student who wishes to pursue further study at your university next semester.it would be highly appreciated if you would provide me with some eential information.li ming
2、申请类 directions: 1)expre your intention and 2)show your qualification(s)you should write about 100 words on the answer sheet.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre.(10 points)dear sir or madam, yours sincerely, li ming
3、祝贺类 directions: write a letter to your best friend bob to congratulate him on accepting admiion to a postgraduate program.you should write about 100 words on the answer sheet.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre.(10 points)dear bob, it is with great pleasure that i hear of your accepting admiion to a postgraduate program in peking university.please accept my warmest congratulations.i know you have a dream to study in top college and university in our country.during the past four years, you have been industrious and perseverant in order to realize this dream.now your hard work has paid off in this way.it is an award that you richly deserve.i’m really proud of you.congratulations again.i wish you succe and fulfillment in the years ahead.yours sincerely, li ming
4、倡议类 directions: 1)raise the public’s awarene of the responsibility to protect environment, and you should write about 100 words.don’t use your own name, use “li ming” instead.dear sir or madam, yours sincerely, li ming 考研成功难又不难,一旦大家开始准备就要全力以赴。
虽然有突破口、也有规律可循,但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧,要知道,想要精通世界上任何一门语言,除非有天生的语言天分,否则偷不得半分懒,只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。一遍不懂读两遍,默念不行就大声念出来,遇到不认识的单词就查,不懂的句子就静下心来拆分结构。总之,读书百遍、其义自现,英语学习之路上没有笨蛋,只有懒人。
小提示:目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈,就业主体是研究生,在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下,我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母,我们需要:早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班(如果经济条件允许的情况下)。
篇3:考研应用文 真题 范例 1.2005年应用文实例 2.2006年应用文实例
3.2007年应用文实例
4.2008年应用文实例
5.2009年应用文实例
6.2010年应用文实例 parta 51.directions:
you are supposed to write for the postgraduates,aociation a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization.the notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and other information which you think is relevant.you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2.do not sign your own name at the end of notice.use “postgraduates,aociation”instead.7.2011年应用文实例
8.2012年应用文实例
篇4:考研英语应用文格式之备忘录 考研英语应用文格式之备忘录
在上篇文章中,我们已经向大家详细介绍了2010年英语(一)曾经考过的应用文——通知的写作格式。对此,从第一行的题目一直到最后一行的署名,诸位即将参加考研的同学们务必要牢牢记住其中的每个细节,因为“格式恰当”也是咱们考研应用文考查的一个重要评分标准。对于应用文的几个评分标准来说,它是最简单、最容易掌握的一个;但是对于同学们来说,鉴于它的琐碎性与细节性,它又是同学们最常因为马虎粗心而犯错的一个。
此外,在今天的这篇文章中,我们继续给大家介绍下一种告示类应用文——备忘录,虽然在英语(一)和英语(二)中都还未曾考过,但是咱们的两个考研英语大纲却一直都明确规定应用文考查类型中包括备忘录。至于备忘录到底是什么,有什么样的写作思路,这些我们早在系列介绍考研英语应用文的写作思路的时候已经详细地讲过,大家可以去翻阅查看。memo to: all employees from: berry silver, president date: june 22nd, 2014 subject: entertainments or gifts during spring festival however, the acceptance of any offers, entertainment or gifts, can lead to either a real or perceived conflict of interest.to ensure that this does not arise, all such offers should be declined and gifts returned.i should appreciate your understanding and cooperation.第三行是“date: ”,也就是写作日期。
再次,上面四行内容结束之后,我们还需在其下面空出两行方能书写正文内容。
篇5:2014考研英语:应用文写作全面指导 洛基英语,中国在线英语教育领导品牌
考研英语的应用文写作,要求考生根据所给情景写出约100词的应用性短文,包
在应用文的写作过程中要注意四性:信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻
完全关系到文章是否完整,结构的合理安排才能让文章层次鲜明,而语言使用的下面,简单地介绍一下这几种应用文的写作技巧:
联络感情、增进了解的重要工具,与同学们的生活、学习比较密切,也是以后工
作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。
所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信,谈事情的同时又交流感情;所
谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信,主要是为了办事,比方说给老板或是
信函一般都是由写信时间,信内地址,称呼,信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分
不写。姓名写在地址上面。
使用常用的客套话如:sincerely yours,faithfully yours或者yours sincerely,yours faithfully。
尽可能写得明白清晰。
免伤害对方感情,措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词,要自然得
体,彬彬有礼。
注意格式,避免语法、拼写、标点错误,信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无 备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文,主要用来提醒、督促对方,或就某个问题提出自
法很类似,所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级,它也需要交代清楚四件 事:什么时间?谁写的?写给谁?什么事?
考生们首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式,注意事项,写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文,要整段整段的背,不仅是背会,而且要脱口而出,并且转换成自己的语言,写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次,是要多动手写作,要写出属于自己的文章。多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。
希望同学们认真复习,取得良好的复习效果!
“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。