2000年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题_英语高级口译笔试真题

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2000年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案 英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a paage and read the same paage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear.the paage ONLY ONCE.For centuries Oxford has been at Britain's intellectual heart, perhaps the___________(1)among Europe's many ancient universities.It is an exclusive greenhouse in which the country's _____________(2)are bred, and it lies only 50 miles from London, close to the centers of power Parliament, the Law Courts and the City.Oxford University has _____________(3)from all over the world who have gone on to achieve the highest position in their own countries _____________(4), administration, science and the arts.Oxford alumini include _____________(5), literary figures and such overseas politicians as American President Bill Clint on and former Pakistani _____________(6)Benazir Bhutto.Fewer positions _____________(7)are grander than being head of an Oxford college.Usually the post _____________(8)of diplomat, administrator and academic.As Sir Roger Bannister, former Master of Pembroke College, put it :“_____________(9)was a new challenge.You have to recognize _____________(10)of the students and you have to help _____________(11).The three-year period students spend at Oxford is the most important of their lives;it _____________(12)and the friendships they form in their university days will _____________(13).”

Every year, _____________(14)from home and abroad only a few hundred are chosen by each college through an increasingly _____________(15).Once they are accepted, the

undergraduates benefit from _____________(16).The most notable and the rarest of these privileges in the one to one tutorial, at which a student _____________(17)to the tutor.It is a personal system that goes back to the 13th century.The relationship of _____________(18)that can develop between teacher and pupil over three years can be lasting as it is_____________(19).Years after students have left the university, they often return to their tutors _____________(20).Part B: Listening Comprehension

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1.(A)primary school principal.(B)A teacher of English and other subjects.(C)A short-story writer

(D)A poet.2.(A)The USA.(B)Britain.(C)Singapore.(D)Malaysia.3.(A)Education in Singapore.(B)Poems and short stories.(C)English medium schools.(D)A research project.4.(A)She's going to write some poems herself.(B)She will have some poems published.(C)She wants to use poems which are already published.(D)She wants the children to write poems.5.(A)Only the man is pleased.(B)Only the woman is pleased.(C)Both of them are pleased.(D)Neither of them is pleased.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6.(A)The digging of a major tunnel was slowing down.(B)A water supply project failed because of unexpected difficulties.(C)Eight people were killed in a train accident.(D)A helicopter was reported miing.7.(A)To go on providing humanitarian aid.(B)To increase the food supply.(C)To revise the oil-for-food programme.(D)To lift the embargo on his country.8.(A)To cut down on the US military presence in Europe.(B)To increase the European Union's military influence.(C)To make combined efforts to sustain its economic growth.(D)To take concrete actions to stop arms race.9.(A)Sex discrimination in the U.S troops is far le obvious than in other fields of American life.(B)Race relations have considerably improved in the US military.(C)There are more black or Hispanic officers in the armed services than before.(D)Many minority military personnel complained about negative race relations.10.(A)4.4%.(B)11.2%(C)14.4%.(D)44%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11.(A)The language used by the locals.(B)Driving on the wrong side of the road.(C)Naming of the same objects in different ways.(D)All different types of bright colours on men.12.(A)“Chips ”and “crisps ”.(B)“Queue”and “line”.(C)“Fries”and “potato”.(D)“Mate”and “Love”.13.(A)He has a generally negative view of Britain and the British.(B)He is interested in getting to know Britain.(C)He is not happy in Britain.(D)He feels completely at home in Britain.14.(A)So many men wear earrings in one of their ears.(B)People here are politically radical.(C)Young women often wear black.(D)Everyone looks like Madonna.15.(A)Because Britain has a close affinity with the USA.(B)Because Britain has been so much affected by US policies.(C)Because Britain is closer to continental Europe than the USA.(D)Because Britain is more concerned now with world affairs than it used to be.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16.(A)Local government in parts of Britain.(B)Education at Oxford University.(C)The financing of a university by a county council.(D)Council housing in England and Wales.17.(A)Two.(B)Three.(C)Four.(D)Five.18.(A)Housing and local plans.(B)Highways, libraries and museums.(C)Dustbin collection and environmental health.(D)Swimming baths.19.(A)The Minister of Education is elected every four years.(B)The Minister of Education meets regularly with county councilors.(C)Most of the county councilors on the Education Committee are Paid officials.(D)County councils actually run the schools and colleges in the area.20.(A)The employment of qualified teachers.(B)The role of parents in school education.(C)The question of pupil-teacher ratio.(D)The communication between parents and teachers.SECTION 2: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)

Questions 1～5

You've insulated the attic, installed triple-glazed windows, and bought high-efficiency appliances.Can you make your home any more eco-friendly? For an increasing number of Americans, the answer is yes.You can let nature help cut your utility bill.It may be as simple as replacing outdoor lights with solar-powered fixtures or signing up for your unility' s “green power”program.Thanks to rapidly improving technology and government subsidies, thousands of Americans living in remote locations are finding it can be cheaper to use the sun and wind than foil fuels.Don't cut your ties to the local utility just yet.But while renewable energy won't replace coal and natural gas soon(or ever, critics contend), consumers have more choice in their energy mix than ever before.Many are choosing to go “green” at least a bit.And they're not all whole-bran environmentalists.Rodman Montello runs a gas station here in Hebbronville, Texas.But when he wanted to bring electricity to his cabin eight miles out of town, he went solar.The reason was simple.The utility wanted $100，000 to extend its electric line to his cabin.Mr.Montalvo paid le than $8,000 for his solar system.“It's all right so far, ”he says, looking up at the three solar panels that run a few lights, a fan, and a TV inside.“I can run power tools.”

Others, of course, take a more enthusiastic line.“There's a new focus on renewables,” says Thomas White, chairman and chief executive of Enron Renewable Corporation, which has completed the world s largest wind farm in Minnesota.“My feeling is that we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late70s,adds Mac Moore, director of busine development for BP Solar, one of the largest manufacturers and 3

marketers of solar electric systems in the world.“Over the next 10 years, if things go well, there going to be a revolutionary change in the way that we obtain power.”

Wind power represents an even more compelling argument for remote homeowners.Turbines have become so much more efficient over the past decade that homeowners a quarter-mile from a utility line may find it cheaper to put up a wind turbine than to pay the utility to extend its service.But for most consumers, barriers remain.For one thing, renewable energy systems are expensive to install and require more than a decade before consumers see a payback.Even a good deal on solar panels in a high-sun area would still cost a typical homeowner 30 to 40 cents a kilowatt-hour for electricity, estimates Bob Johnson, industry analyst with Strategies Unlimited, a technology-research firm in Mountain View, Calif.That s far above the six to 15 cents that Americans typically pay their local utility, he adds.Small-scale wind turbines are much more competitive-anywhere from 8 to 15 cents a kilowatt-hour, says Mike Bergey, president of Bergey Windpower in Norman, Okla.But they still require a $30,000 to $35,000 investment up front and it would take most homeowners 15 to 20 years before they'd see any payback.There are other drawbacks.Since these systems only produce energy intermittently, there's no guarantee homeowners can store enough energy to run their homes when the sun isn't shining or the wind blowing.Then there's aesthetics.Will the neighbors accept those solar panels on your roof? Do you want a 100-foot-high wind turbine humming in your backyard like a muffled helicopter? That's why companies like Bergey Windpower are targeting rural residents in the United States especially those in states such as California, which will pay up to half the cost of installing renewable-energy systems.1.According to the paage, which of the following should be considered sources of renewable energy?

(A)Petroleum, sunlight and windpower.(B)Gas, water and foil fuels.(C)Coal, natural gas and hydropower.(D)Sunlight, water and windpower.2.The function of the sentence “Don t cut your ties to the local utility just yet.”(Para.2)is _______.(A)to state the thesis of the paage

(B)to serve as a summary of the paage

(C)to play the role of transition

(D)to lead to a counter-argument in the following paragraphs

3.The sentence “we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late 70s”(Para.4)suggests which of the following?

(A)The greatest breakthrough of computer technology was in the late'70s.(B)A great change in renewable energy technology will occur quite soon.(C)The “green power”program and the development of personal computer are of equal significance.(D)Solar energy will replace all other energies in about ten years' time.4.It can be concluded from the paage that the author_______.(A)does not reveal his personal view towards the use of renewable energy

(B)makes a systematic comparison between non-renewable energy and renewable energy

(C)displays an objective view towards the application of renewable energy

(D)does not side with the environmentalists

5.It can be inferred from the paage that more people will ______.(A)use both non-renewable and renewable energy

(B)stick to the use of local utility

(C)not be used to renewable energy

(D)use renewable energy only

Questions 6～10

You saw the stories of the embarrament at Encyclopedia Britannica last week as the company's highly advertised free Web site was jammed into nonfunctioning.The stories were of some 10 million hits a day clogging the site, www.daodoc.com;of three separate apologies given to would be users of the free reference service;of promises to get the thing up and running, perhaps as early as this week.More striking, though, is what the stories didn't say: What an extraordinary thing it is that people around the world suddenly have acce free acce to knowledge that would have been the envy of a university profeor earlier in my own lifetime.As for ordinary people, I remember how the encyclopedia salesmen would come around with their sample volumes, their memorized spiels and their offers of “easy”terms if you'd only sign up for Compton's or world book.Owning an encyclopedia or “a set of encyclopedias”, as we used to say was a pretty big deal for families of modest means, an unaffordable luxury for many of the folk in my hometown.And now it's all free or will be as soon as Britannica works out the bugs.The reason it's free is the Britannica, whose hard-copy sales are down some 80 percent since 1990, is forced to compete with Microsoft-s dominant Encarta Encyclopedia.But the encyclopedia isjust one small illustration of the explosion both in knowledge and in our acce to it since Thomas Jefferson's modest book collection formed the nucleus of the Library of Congre.Not only does my own house now contain more books than Jefferson ever owned, but my acce to public libraries, bookstores and, of course, the Web, gives my family information resources beyond the imagination of world-cla scholars a short time ago.I've just had a phone call from a friend who tells me that, in preparation for an upcoming trip to Benin, she's downloaded 75 to 100 pages of information, from a score of sites, on that West African country information on everything from the local currency, political situation and weather to the latest local news and the street addre of the American embay.“I'm starting to feel almost like I know the place, even though I've never been there,”she said.Marco Polo, eat your heart out.Nor is it just information that is so profusely available.Think of the difficulties confronting a 19th-century music lover.He could, of course, hear local folk artists.But if he had a fondne for, say, Bach or Beethoven, he'd have to hire an orchestra and a place for it to perform which means he'd have to be wealthy.Today, any teenager with a CD player(or even an FM radio)can hear almost any music of his of her choosing, performed by top musicians, virtually at will.The same youngster could, at a whim, look at tens of thousands of paintings from the National Gallery of Art.Think of laws forbidding anyone to teach slaves to read.Think of Hitler's book burnings.Think of all the attempts over the years to enforce either orthodoxy or the status quo by putting learning off-limits, and you begin to sense the power of what is happening.The walls of caste and cla have not been razed, but they are suddenly, irrevocably, more porous.And yet not completely porous.The pertinence of the “digital divide”is a reminder that some Americans remain cut off from the power of the knowledge revolution.We have to get serious not merely about the technology but also the psychology of bridging that divide.We have to infect our turned-off adults and our uninspired children with the desire to know more of what is within their grasp already and the oceans more that shortly will be.If that's true of end-of-the-century America, it is immeasurably worse for much of the rest of the world.As U.N.Secretary General Kofi Annan remarked in a recent speech, “Half the world's population has never even made, or received, a telephone call.”

6.The author cites the example of Encyclopedia Britannica at the beginning of the paage mainly to show that ________.(A)its Web site is the target of millions of hackers

(B)the Web site can be repaired soon

(C)it is one of the major signs of knowledge explosion

(D)it is the symbol of the arrival of encyclopedic age

7.Which of the following best exprees the meaning of the sentence “Marco Polo, eat your heart out.”(Para.4)?

(A)Marco polo would be sad to know about the easy acce to information about the world.(B)Marco polo would sincerely welcome the information age.(C)Marco polo would be happy to learn to use the Web.(D)Marco polo would never believe the story from the author's friend.8.Which of the following is NOT true according to the paage?

(A)Both Compton's and World Book are encyclopedias.(B)Encarta Encyclopedia is giving way to Encyclopedia Britannica.(C)The sales of Encyclopedia Britannica have been going down dramatically over the past decade.(D)Encyclopedia Britannica opens its Web site to attract more readers.9.The author quotes U.N.Secretary General's remark in the last paragraph mainly to demonstrate that _________.(A)telephone is more important to the Web than the poor

(B)digital revolution will be welcomed by the poor

(C)the gap between the rich and the poor can be wider in the information age

(D)half the world's population will benefit from knowledge explosion 10.The last two paragraphs of the paage can be perceived as __________.(A)the summary of the whole paage

(B)the introduction of the concept “digital divide”

(C)the prediction about America in the new century

(D)the warning of iues behind technological progre

Questions 11～15

One of France's best known war photographers is braced for a new battle over his work in the Paris Metro.Luc Delahaye, who won awards for his photographs in Rwanda and who was once beaten up by Serbians in Croatia, has published a book of “stolen”portraits of Metro travellers that directly challenges French privacy laws.The book, called L'Autre(The Other), has been hailed by critics as an evocative study that cleverly captures the thrill of examining stranger's faces on an underground train.Yet Delahaye was forced to turn to a British publisher, Phaidon.No French publisher would touch his 90 black and white pictures.Under French laws drawn up to deter paparazzi from stalking celebrities, all citizens are entitled to the right to control their own image.In theory, Delahaye should have his subjects to ask permiion to photograph them.But the purpose of his two-year project, during which he photographed 1,400 people with a hidden camera in his lap, was to capture them when they were unaware.Delahaye acknowledged last week that the publication of the book in France this month has made him vulnerable to up to 90 lawsuits should disgruntled travellers sue.But he said he was attempting to capture the awkward silence and wandering thoughts common to travellers crushed together on underground trains.“I found it unthinkable to turn up and say, „Bonj our, please stand like this or like that, ‟” he said.“And you can't look people in the face because they feel you looking at them.”

In a review of the British edition of the book, published earlier this year, a critic from The Times noted: “These anonymous portraits speak more about the lives, feeling and concerns of the sitters than any number of words could.”In France, however, artistic merit is no defence if an individual considers that a photographed has invaded his privacy.The books publication seems likely to fuel a vigorous debate over government plans to amend privacy laws, further restricting the.kinds of photographs that newspapers can publish.Elisabeth Guigou, the justice minister, is proposing to extend to victims of crimes and natural disasters the privacy rights currently exploited mainly by celebrities.Draft laws are designed to safeguard the dignity of victims who may be photographed grieving, covered in blood or in a state of undre.The proposals have outraged the media.They were inspired by the paparazzi who swarmed around the dying body of Diana, Prince of Wales after her car crash in Paris.But Alain Genestar, of Paris Match, claims the proposed laws would have banned from France such images as the naked vietnamese girl fleeing a napalm attack;the aaination of President John F Kennedy;and pictures of victims of natural disasters.Genestar and other editors complain that government's obseion with privacy will infringe freedom of expreion.“Even if they are doing this with good intentions, this policy has a name: censorship.” Genestar said.11.Luc Delaware's book L' Autre is published in Britain because _______.(A)his pictures are all black and white

(B)French publishers do not accept it

(C)the British publisher has promised more returns

(D)he violated French privacy laws

12.Which of the following is TRUE about Delahaye's L' Autre?

(A)The publication of the British edition and French edition came out simultaneously.(B)The French edition of the book is not allowed to sell.(C)The publication of the book has aroused controversy.(D)The subjects of his pictures in the book are going to sue him.13.Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the paage?

(A)French laws are more strict than British laws concerning privacy rights.(B)Delahaye took pictures of Metro travellers without asking for their permiion.(C)The publication of L'Autre has received positive reviews from critics.(D)Luc Delahaye thinks it ridiculous to ask people to pose for pictures.14.Alain Genestar of Paris Match cites the pictures of the naked Vietnamese girl fleeing a napalm attack, the aaination of President Kennedy and the victims of natural disasters mainly to demonstrate that ___________.(A)he is critical of the publication of Delahaye's L' Autre

(B)all these pictures are of historical significance

(C)France is not considered to be a democratic country

(D)freedom of expreion is more important than the concern with privacy

15.The word “paparazzi”used in the paage is closest in meaning to which of the following?

(A)brave war photographers such as Delahaya

(B)reporters who are doggedly after famous people

(C)victims of crimes and natural disasters

(D)publishers who only print pictures of celebrities

Questions 16～20

Mitsubishi Motors just announced plans to cut 10,000j obs.Last week Nian, now owned by Renault and answering to its tough-minded foreign bo, pledged to slash 16,500.Similar reports from Tokyo for the past year have been greeted by American and British economists as signals that at last the famous Japanese practice of permanent employment is vanishing — a profound, traumatic transformation that they insist Japan needs.But there is le to trend than meets the eye.Reading past the headlines, one discovers that Mitsubishi's cuts will not take full effect until March 2004.Even Nian's new chief operating officer, Carlos Ghosn, known to the world as “The Cost Killer, ”will spread out the downsizing over three years.And Japan's companies are making many of their adjustments through attrition, hiring freezes, voluntary retirement buyouts and reaignment of employees to subsidiaries.What is striking about what is happening now is not that is represents a change in the way companies deal with workers, but that it shows remarkable continuity in nearly desperate economic times.For decades, American analysts have been predicting that a change in the Japanese ways of doing busine was imminent.In good times, like the 60's or 80's, labor shortages and affluence were expected to lead employees to reject the status quo and start job hopping.In bad times, like the 70's or 90's, the preure of the bottom line was expected to lead boes “finally”to a proper market based system of employment.The analysts who make these predictions do not understand the deep historical roots of Japan's employment practices, roots sunk in its legal system, the structure of schools, its systems of job recruiting and skill development, its decades-old cooperative relations between companies and unions, and the implicit expectations we call culture.On the very day of the Nian announcement, a back-page story in Japanese newspapers showed how firm the grip of these foots can be.The game maker Sega had fired a 35-year-old man for “lack of ability”.He protested with a lawsuit, and the courts ruled in his favor.They called the termination an “abuse of the right to fire, ”decided the company had made “insufficient effort to train the employee”and ordered Sega to pay back wages.Japan does, of course, need economic reform.But the country's current crisis is rooted in a paralyzed financial system and stagnant consumer demand, especially at home.It is not a crisis of unproductive or lazy systems of industrial production.The financial system needs a thorough housecleaning, not only more transparent and effective regulation, but also internal reforms to insure that banks make more serious risk aement when they start lending aggreively again.The country also needs public works spending and tax cuts to get commerce moving faster.But it is probably a good thing that the Japanese system resists the sort of change that would please the economic seers who thrill to misleading reports about huge employee cutbacks.A working person's prescription for change would first note that the cuts that have taken place, timid as they are by American standards, have shaken the confidence of consumers.Job security and stable wages, and public policies to insure them, could reduce fears and make people feel more comfortable about buying, increasing domestic demand and promoting recovery.It is worth remembering that for several decades, with the familiar employment system in place, the productivity of Japanese industrial organizations and their ability to cope with shocks — like the oil crises or the tripling of the value of the yen against the dollar — was the envy of the world.16.Which of the basic writing skills does the author mainly use in the paage?

(A)claification(B)definition

(C)illustration(D)argumentation

17.Which of the following best paraphrases the statement “there is le to the trend than meets the eye”(Para.2)

(A)Everything can be observed through the trend.(B)The trend is superficial rather than fundamental.(C)The trend shows the continuity of Japanese recruiting practice.(D)The trend tells us little about the Japanese employment system.18.Which of the following shows the authors major concern?

(A)The neceity of reform of Japanese financial system.(B)American and British economists-view towards Japanese practice of permanent employment.(C)Thejustification of the continuity of Japanese employment practice.(D)The relationship between Japanese culture and its systems ofjob reruiting.19.According to the author, all of the following can be concluded from the paage EXCEPT that ________.(A)Japanese system of employment is also applicable to western countries

(B)American analysts prediction is not well-grounded

(C)the “profound, traumatic transformation”in Japanese employment practice will not occur

(D)the Japanese employment system contributes greatly to its development of productivity 20.The author uses the example of the game maker Sega to show ________.(A)the importance of economic reform in Japan

(B)the progre of Japanese legal system

(C)the contradiction between labour and capital

(D)the cultural influence in employment practice SECTION 3: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following paage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army.Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submiion.We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.Our own, our country's honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion;and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world.Let us then rely on the goodne of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions.The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their bleings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling

Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk.You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET.You will not your Answer Booklet until after you have listened to the talk.Acid rain is a kind of ____________(1)pollution which is hanging over our heads and coming down in many different ways such as rain and ____________(2).It damages ____________(3), lakes and rivers, buildings and even human ____________(4).Several chemicals, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ____________(5), are involved in causing acid rain.These chemicals either come directly from power ____________(6)chimneys and cars, or are formed from a ____________(7)of pollutant gases.Sulphur dioxide is the one chemical which is often ____________(8)with acid rain.It is mainly ____________(9)by large ____________(10)burning power stations.It ____________(11)places thousands of miles away as well as areas ____________(12)the power stations.To ____________(13)more and worse environmental effects from acid rain, we have short-term and long-term solutions.We shouldn't just ____________(14)up our power station chimneys and car ____________(15).We should also change the way society thinks and reacts.We need to ____________(16)energy by increasing ____________(17).We also need to ____________(18)our way of transport, that is, create a more efficient transport system which depends le on ____________(19)cars and more on a good ____________(20)transport network.Part B: Listening and Translation

Ⅰ.Sentence Translation

Ⅱ.Paage Translation

SECTION 5: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)

Questions 1～3

Is this the last gasp for the tobacco industry? Scientists have come up with a vaccine that can block the effects of nicotine for up to a year.The vaccine will initially be targeted at the 85% of smokers who want to give up the habit.Although the drug would not take away the nicotine craving, cigarettes would become completely unsatisfying, making it pointle to smoke them.The drug could also be used to vaccinate youngsters before they even started smoking.Most adults who smoke began the habit while in their teens, so an annual vaccination for those aged 12 to 20 could prevent the industry recruiting new customers.“The potential for this kind of drug is huge,”said John Shields, senior vice-president of research at Can tab, the British developers.Making such a drug available to the public would be a landmark in the history of vaccines.Until now almost all vaccines have been targeted at micro-organisms such as viruses and bacteria.It would be the first time this sort of approach had been used to alter behaviour on such a potentially large scale.Vaccination depends on activating the immune system to recognize and destroy an invading organism or molecule.Previous attempts to develop a vaccine against nicotine adopted by Can tab and by Nabi, a rival American firm conducting similar research is to attach the nicotine molecule to a much larger one.Cantab's vaccine uses a protein stripped from the toxin produced by cholera bacteria.The protein is known to be safe because it is the basis for the cholera vaccine.Between one and four nicotine molecules are attached to each protein molecule, making them large enough for the body's defences to recognise them as a hostile invader.Once alerted, the immune system starts to make antibodies specifically targeted for nicotine.They then bind to every nicotine molecule they can find and destroy them.It means that hardly any nicotine can pa from the blood into the brain where it would normally have its effect.Can tab has already started tests using a trial version of the vaccine and plans full-scale trials early next year.A similar vaccine, aimed at helping cocaine addicts, is already well into its final trials.Frank Stonebanks, a spokesman for Nabi which is about to commence similar trials, said he foresaw a day when parents would get their children vaccinated against smoking in the way that most are inoculated today against tuberculosis.“Such drugs would also have huge potential in the Third World where tobacco addiction costs people a much bigger proportion of their income,”he said.Both companies emphasise that it will be at least three years before a vaccine becomes widely available.It would probably be used in conjunction with behavioural therapy since many smokers light up for social reasons as well as addictive ones.The development coincides with a sharp increase in smoking among youngsters.In the past three decades the number of smokers has been falling steadily but the mid-1990s saw a gradual increase in the number of child smokers, especially teenage girls.Government figures show that every day about 450 British youngsters start smoking while another 330 adults die from tobacco-related illnees such as lung cancer and heart disease.Half of all smokers in Britain die prematurely because of their habit.1.What can we learn about the basic principle of vaccination from the paage?

2.What is nicotine vaccine? What is the maj or difference between nicotine vaccine and other medical vaccines?

3.What was the major difficulty in developing nicotine vaccine? How was it solved?

Questions 4～6

Generations of job applicants have been turned down because they don't score enough on intelligence tests.But now people risk being rejected if they are too smart.An increasing number of employers in Britain uses an interview test that not only pinpoints the not-so-bright, but weeds out those who are too clever for the job.The idea behind the Wonderlic Personnel Test is that people can be too dumb or too bright for a job.If they are intellectually challenged they will require more training, bur if they are over qualified and too clever, they are likely to become bored and leave.In both cases, the employer faces additional costs to find replacements.A prospective police officer, for example, who scored more than 50 per cent, would be considered le suitable for the job than one who gets a more modest 35 per cent.The test provides a minimum and maximum mark for a range of jobs based on answers given by thousands of previous applicants for those jobs.It also groups jobs by expected intelligence levels.Lawyers, who top the charts, go with editors, advertising managers and research analysts.Policemen go with typists and receptionists, chemists go with engineers, and debt collectors with computer operators.A handbook accompanying with the test says: “People who score high on a cognitive ability test often become bored and frustrated if placed in jobs where all decisions about what to do and when and how to do it are built into the design of the job.This increases the odds that the person will become unproductive and poible quit.”In America the test is used by many companies to filter out people who are not suitable for the job.In many cases they don't even get interviews which, according to the Wonderlic handbook, are pretty usele anyway: “On average interviews are only 8 per cent more effective than flipping a coin, ”says the company.Charles Wonderlic, who runs the operation from his headquarters in Illinois, claims that employers should be concerned with extreme scores at either end of the range for each job.“Staff turnover is an iue,”he said.“Gravitational theory suggests that people apply for jobs they think they are qualified to get, but people apply for jobs outside their range too.”

“People want jobs that will be physically and mentally challenging, but if they are overqualified they are le likely to be challenged, and more likely to get bored and to leave.” “The further a secretary, for example, is from the average of 23 for that job, the le likely the average person applying for thejob they are.is from the average of 23 for that job, the le likely the average person applying for the job they are.That should raise concerns about training costs, if they are the low end, and replacement costs if they are high.”

Those who are too clever will also, he suggests, socialise with people from a similar intellectual background and will become disenchanted with both the job and their salary.The maximum poible score in the test is 50, but only a handful of people have ever achieved that.HOW You SCORE

Job Point Score

Low/high ave Lawyer 24-35 30 Editor 25-34 29 Chemist 24-32 28

Auditor 23-31 27 Accountant 21-31 26 Teacher 20-31 26 Manager 20-29 25 Nurse 19-29 24 Secretary 18-28 23 Sales rep 17-26 22 Police 17-25 21 Clerk 16-25 20 Shop manager 14-24 19 Mechanic 13-21 17 Warehouseman 11-21 16 Packer 10-19 14

4.According to the paage, what is the maj or difference between the conventional criteria for job recruiting and the principle of Wonderlic Personnel Test?

5.What are the poible disadvantages suggested by the Wonderlic Personnel Test if overqualified applicants are recruited?

6.Paraphrase the following expreions, paying attention to the underlined parts.a)“If they are intellectually challenged,...”(Para.1)

b)“This increases the odds that...”(Para.3)

c)“staff turnover is an iue,...”(Para.4)

Questions 7～10

Frustrated by exceive demands at work? Resentful of being Paed over for a promotion? Afraid of losing your job? Never fear.A “toxic handler”may be near.Two University of British Columbia researchers poking around at the underside of corporate life have identified this new kind of hero.“Toxic handlers,”peter Frost and Sandra Robinson write in the current Harvard Busine Review, are employees skilled in removing the “metal toxins”of the modern workplace.The toxic handler — typically a senior manager but not the top bo — listens to troubled colleagues, invents creative solutions, and helps translate “miion impoible ” into “miion accomplished.”

And far from being too focused on feelings to get the job done, toxic handlers make a real contribution to the corporate bottom line — if only by helping keep good people from leaving.One example the researchers cite is a computer executive in Europe who was asked to guide a 120-member team, already shell-shocked from downsizing into using as “open concept ”office layout.It was a radical idea since the employees were used to private offices.The executive's approach was simply to listen to his colleagues: “He called himself “Big Ears,”says Mr.Frost.The transition went smoothly.“The only complaints were that there weren't enough trash cans, ”he says.By combining interpersonal skills with technical competence, toxic handlers such as Mr.“Big Ears”help “manage organizational pain, ”Frost adds.The article is full of metaphors of pain and poison.but it also identifies opportunities for leadership that can be practiced by employees at any level of an organization.Frost ticks off four key points that came from his research: “The whole notion that there are people who step in and manage pain;the fact that there's a lot of pain out there to manage, largely as a result of corporate downsizing;the fact that the people I dealt with(in this research)were not „bleeding hearts‟or human resources specialists;and that a lot of them got pretty sick.”

It is critical that toxic handlers avoid taking on the pain themselves, say Frost and Robinson.Health-care profeionals are typically trained to defend themselves against putting their own health at risk by getting too caught up in their patients prlblems, Frost notes.But toxic handlers in the corporate setting run the same risk of exposure without adequate defense.“Managers get sent in with pop guns and little tin shields,”says Frost, when they should be protected “as if they were handling radioactivity.”

Some toxic handlers might be described simply as office peacemakers.Consider Alexandra, a vice president at a financial institution in New York.She spent half her time as peacemaker among colleagues.The new MBAs coming to work there “always came in acting like they owned the world,”she told researchers.“They tended to be pretty arrogant and heavy-handed with the secretaries and clerical workers.They offended them so much that they couldn't concentrate on their work.“So first I had to explain to the staff that these young profeionals were...just seriously lacking in interpersonal skills Then I had to pull the new MBAs into my office and help them understand that being a bo didn't mean boing people around.”

Frost's work on the concept of toxic handlers began when he noticed that he felt particularly run down and burnt out at the end of managing a stint in 1994.Since then, he and Robinson have studied what he calls a “rolling sample”of about 70 toxic handlers in Canada, The United States, Europe, and Australia.By definition, their data anecdotal, and they have no means of cro-checking their subjects-stories.But Frost is confident.“We're onto something with authenticity.”Frost and Robinson insist that toxic handlers are not “enablers”who make it poible for their boes to get away with bad behavior.But Frost sees the next phase of their research focusing on “the role of the toxic handlers in educating toxic boes in order to improve the situation.” 7.What is a toxic handler? Who can work as a toxic handler

8.What is the significance of the promotion of the concept “toxic handler”? Who first started the study on this concept?

9.Explain briefly the four key points raised by Mr.Frost from his research.10.Tell the meaning of the following metaphors used in the paage.a)“He called himself „Big Ears ‟.”(Para.4)

b)“...the people I dealt with...were not „bleeding hearts‟or...”(Para.5)

c)“Managers get sent in with popguns and little tin shields...”(Para.6)

d)“...as if they were handling radioactivity.”(Para.6)

SECTION 6: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following paage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.祖国和平统一，乃千秋功业。台湾终必回归祖国，早日解决对各方有利。台湾同胞可安居乐业，两岸各族人民可解骨肉分离之痛，在台诸前辈及大陆去台人员亦可各得其所，且有利于亚太地区局势稳定和世界和平。

当今国际风云变幻莫测，台湾上下众议纷纭。岁月不居，来日苦短，长梦多，时不我与。试为贵党计，如能依时顺势，负起历史责任，毅然和谈，达成国家统一，则两党长 期共存，互相监督，共图振兴中华之大业。参考答案:

SECTLON1: LISTENLNG TEST(30 minutes)

Part A: Spot Dictation

1.most prestigious 2.socially important people 3.attracted students and scholars 4.in politics

5.numerous eminent scientists 6.Prime Minister

7.in academic world 8.requires the combined talents 9.Leading an Oxford college 10.the needs and aspirations 11.realise them 12.shapes their future careers 13.last for ever 14.among thousands of applicants 15.competitive proce 16.a range of traditional privileges 17.presents his or her work 18.profound respect and trust 19.academically rewarding 20.for advice and guidance Part B: Listening Comprehension

1-5 B D D A C 6-10 D A B D C 11-15 B D B C B 16-20 A A B D C SECTION 2: READING TEST

1-5 D C B C A 6-10 C A B C D 11-15 B C A D B 16-20 D B C A D

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST

苍天之下，千百万尚未出生的人的命运将取决于我们这支军队的勇气和斗志。敌人残酷无情，我们别无选择，要么奋起抵抗，要么屈膝投降。因此，我们必须下定决心，若不 克敌制胜，就是捐躯疆场。

我们的荣誉，祖国的荣誉，要求我们进行英勇顽强的奋斗，如果我们做不到这一点，我们将感到羞愧，并将为全世界所不齿。所以，让我们凭借我们事业的正义性和上帝的恩

助 胜利掌握在他手中 激励和鼓舞我们去创造伟大而崇高的业绩。全国同胞都注视着我们，如果我们有幸为他们效劳，将他们从企图强加于他们的暴政中解救出来，我们将

得到他们的祝福和赞颂。让我们互相激励，互相鼓舞，并向全世界昭示，在自己国土上为自由而斗争的自由人民胜过世上任何受人驱使的雇佣军。

SECTION 4: LISTLATION TEST

Part A: Note－taking and Gap－filling

1.air / atmosphere 2.snow 3.forests / woods 4.health 5.ozone 6.station

7.combination 8.aociated 9.emitted 10.coal

11.affects 12.surrounding 13.prevent 14.clean 15.exhausts 16.conserve

17.recycling 18.rationalize / improve 19.private 20.public

Part B: Listening and Translation

Ⅰ.Sentence Translation

1.上海是世界著名大都市，是面向西方的窗口。我们两国曾在这个城市里发表了开创我们之间当代友好关系的公报。

2.今天20%的美国儿童与单亲住在一起，原因之一是越来越多的妇女没结婚就有了孩子。

3.今年的头十个月，双边贸易额是41 亿美元，与去年同期相比增加了25%。

4.全球化使所有国家，无论大小贫富，都进入了一个调整过程。

5.历史是一条可能随心所欲把我们带到任何地方去的长河，但是我们有能力把握和选择方向，共同前进。

Ⅱ.Paage Translation

1.旅馆是旅行者临时的住所。在旅馆里，旅行者可以休息，在旅馆内或附近餐馆就餐。旅馆还可能提供娱乐设施，比如游泳池，高尔夫球场或海滩。在许多情况下，旅馆还免费提供交通工，今天来说就是汽车，所有这些服务都是为旅行者提供膳宿方便，因此旅馆业常被称作膳宿业。

2.警方说昨天台风袭击该岛的西海岸，带来大雨，风速达每小时80 英里，冲走了约500户住家。台风使岛上大片地区发生洪水，使通讯和供电系统瘫痪。昨天所有国内航班被 取消，国际机场关闭了约5 小时。据报道两艘客运渡轮沉没，但没有有关人员伤亡的细节。最终伤亡人数要过些时候才能知道。

SECTION 5: READING TEST(答案要点)

1.through activating the immune system of human body / to recognize and destroy invading organism(or molecule, micro－organisms, viruses－bacteria)

2.developed to be used by smokers who are going to quit smoking / the habit teenagers / young people before they start smoking / other vaccines used to destroy microorganisms / nicotine vaccine used to change / alter human habit / behavior / get rid of the smoking habit

3.nicotine molecule too small to be discovered / nicotine molecule attached to larger molecule(through use of protein from cholera vaccine)/ become large enough to be found by immune system －destroyed / killed 4.applicants who score high are accepted / score low on intelligence tests rejected / only applicants of similar intelligence levels are qualified for thejob / applicants who score more than the required level could be le suitable for thejob

5.jobs not challenging / poibly not interested in the job / become bored ／& leave / extra cost for replacement / le productive / “staff turnover”

6.a)not up to the required intellectual level / not “bright”enough / “dumb ” b)chances / poibilities)changing of staff members(frequent quit and leave)

7.help solve the mental or interpersonal relation problems of employees(or staff members)help the

completion of “miion” of an organization / find problems and solutions / senior managers(not top bo)8.recognition of mental problems employees could have in their effects / Frost and Robingson, researchers from University of British Columbia

9.let employees know “there are people”who show their concern and willingne to offer help / recognition of problems & neceity to solve the problems / heavy duty for researchers as people work in a workplace are not usually profeional experts on human resources / “PR” 10.a)“Big Ears”= patient listeners

b)“bleeding hearts ”= people with soft / weak mind / character

c)“Managers get sent in with pop guns= toy guns / weapons without much use / and little tin shields= device used for protection”

d)“handling radioactivity”= dealing with big trouble / difficulty / problem

SECTIION 6: TRANSLATION TEST

The peaceful reunification of the motherland would be a great achievement to be recorded in history.Taiwan is bound to return to the embrace of the motherland eventually.An early settlement of the iue would be in the interests of all.The compatriots in Taiwan would be able to live in peace and happine, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan Straits would no longer have to endure the pains of separation from their own flesh and blood, and the elders in Taiwan and those who moved there from the mainland would all be properly and provided for.And this would contribute to the stability of Asia and the Pacific region as well as to world peace.The present international situation is capricious.Throughout Taiwan people of all strata are talking about their future.time does not stay and brief is the day.A long night is fraught with bad dreams: time and tide wait for no man.For the sake of your party, I would think that if you would take up the historical responsibility and, going with the stream, resolutely take part in peace talks for our national reunification as required by time and tide, the two parties would be able to co-exist for a long time to come, supervising each other while joining in glorious efforts to revitalize China.听力测试题录音文字稿:

Part B: Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test, there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked some questions.The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once.Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.Now let's begin Part B with Listening Comprehension.Questions 1～5 are based on the following conversation.(Man)So, you have teaching experience with this age group in...(Woman)I have.(Man)in Singapore or...?

(Man)In Mal — in other parts of Malaysia.Right.When you were teaching this age group, were they bilingual?

(Woman)They were bilingual.(Man)Um — were they in English medium schools?(Women)English medium schools.(Man)Ah — right.Well, that's very useful experience.(Woman)Yes, English and other subjects.(Man)Mm.(Woman)But they were in English.(Man)Right.So you were like a form teacher, teaching the whole range of subjects.Well that's very, very useful background for this research proj ect, I think.Um but you've also got here...short stories and poems for practising phonetics.(Woman)Well — actually — what I intended was this — er — this communicative materials.You know — in the form of short stories, and poems.(Man)Yes.Poems...you mean poems that have been published and that you can use with them you want your pupils to write poems?

(Woman)No.None of them, I'm afraid.What I mean is through my poems ,the poems that I'm going to write.(Man)You're going to write poems.Oh, that sounds wonderful.What poems? Are they simple poems?(Woman)Yes.Simple poems so that the children would find it, you know, like a sing-song.(Man)Um — I think what we need actually is a slightly more specific plan than this one.(Woman)Right.(Man)Shall we see if we can make a more detailed plan for the project? Using a topic based approach — um — to the teaching of English as a second language — um — to seven to eleven year-old bilingual children.Um — So we take that as the title then probably — there are lots of different things here.You need some kind of section that discues — Now — first of all, you want to talk about context, don't you? And you want — um — let's say London and Malaysia just to discu what we said — um — can the materials be universal? And then you want something on criteria.(Woman)mm

(Man)For designing these.Now, letsjust list the ones we're mentioned.Can we go through them? What have we got here? Motivation.So we're thinking of seven to eleven year-olds.First of all, motivation.What are the other important ones, do you think? Multi-cultural and communicative — um — what else have we said? Cro curricular.Those are the four main ones, aren't they? Oh — integrated skills.(Woman)Oh, yes.(Man)Right.Integrated skills.And when you're discuing those criteria.You can mention, you can bring in — relate it to poems, stories — um — and the tasks that they do.And then you — you actually want your materials.So you need to choose a topic.(Woman)Yes, a topic for those materials.(Man)It is where you can put these together.And then you want to — after you've actually presented the materials — you want some detailed comments on different parts of them.How does that sound?(Woman)Very, very impreive.Very good.(Man)Does that make sense to you — if we put it like that? So we've really taken all of those things and just slightly rearranged them.Okay? I think that sounds very, very interesting.Question No.1.What is the woman's job?

Question No.2.In which country has the woman been working? Question No.3.What are the man and the woman talking about?

Question No.4.Which of the following statements is true, as regards the woman? Question No.5.How do these two people feel about the result of their discuion?

Question 6～10 are based on the following news.MANILA: A helicopter carrying eight people was reported miing after it unloaded a cargo of food and other provisions for workers digging a major tunnel for a water supply project for Manila, an official said yesterday.UNITED NATIONS：Iraq asked the United Nations to continue providing humanitarian aid despite cutting off exports of crude oil under the UN's oil-for-food programmed, UN officials said.The Iraqi ambaador to the UN, Saeed Hasan, met on Tuesday with programmed director Benon Sevan and Iraq “wanted the UN to continue normal operations,”UN spokesman Fred Eckhard told reporters.The spokesman for the programme, John Mills, said “humanitarian supplies the continuing to arrive and be distributed in Iraq.”On Monday, the UN said that Iraq had stopped pumping oil through the 960-kilometre pipeline to Turkish port of Ceyhan.LONDON: For the first time in its 42-year history, the European Union(EU)staged a joint meeting of foreign affairs and defence ministers to debate how the union can acquire a security dimension consistent with its economic strength.During that meeting, Britain and France proposed that Europe, by either 2002 or 2003, should poes the capacity to deploy a rapid reaction force of some 50,000 troops in a peacekeeping operation in or around the EU.The proposal received a strong response, which is indicative that the EU is making concrete efforts to bolster its military clout in Europe.WASHINGTON: A high percentage of blacks, Hispanics and other minorities in the US military complained in a survey of more than 40,000 US troops, one in five blacks responding also said they felt race relations played a negative part in their prospects for promotion or aignment.But the survey, taken in 1997, indicated that military personnel felt Pentagon efforts to promote good race relations and equal opportunity were succeeding and that discrimination in uniform was far le pronounced than in other areas of American life.TOKYO: Japan's trade surplus plunged 14.4 per cent in October from its level a year ago, the government said yesterday.Government official blamed the strong yen for severely damaging exports.The trade surplus dropped to US $11.2 billion, the Finance Ministry reported, making October the seventh month in a row for a drop in the trade surplus.“Japan' s exports have been preed by the sharp appreciation of the yen against the US dollar, which mainly contributed to the surplus fall," said Naoko Ogata, an analyst at the Sakura Research Institute.“With the yen rising to current levels, exporters are finding it difficult to make a profit.”

Question No.6.What happened according to the report from Manila?

Question No.7.What did the Iraqi Ambaador ask the United Nations to do?

Question No.8.What was proposed at thejoint meeting staged by the European Union?

Question No.9.What was disclosed in a survey released by the US Defence Department on Tuesday? Question No.10.As compared with the same period last year, how much did Japan's trade surplus drop? Questions 11～15 are based on the following interview.(Woman)What were the things in Britain that you found most strange when you first arrived?(Man)Well, the first thing is driving on the wrong side of the road — um — that was very strange because you have this automatic reflex when you go out into the street to look one way and a couple of times I did that and I almost got hit by cars and bikes and all, you know.It's dangerous.It really is dangerous.And you have to teach yourself to look the other way.(Woman)Someone said that Britain and the United States are divided by a common language.Have you had any difficulties with the language here?

(Man)Oh, yeah — tremendous amount of difficulty, but I' m starting to pick it up now — all the logo and slang and all those — but there-definitely a difference.(Woman)Can you give me any examples?

(Man)Well, the big — I'd say some of the biggest ones would be the word “queue”which means in America “line”.I never heard the word “queue”before.Um — what you call “chips ”, I call “French fries”.I never heard them called “chips ”Um — there're so many — um — words that are different.Ah, yes, another example, “crisps ”which mean “potato chips ”.We call them “potato chips ”or “chips ” in America.You call them “crisps ”here.So when I heard the word “chips ”, I was thinking of “crisps ”and not French fries — you know — it's very confusing.Furthermore, there're expreions that you don't hear in America, some of the expreions like — er — “mate”and “love”.They're funny.You don't hear them in America.(Woman)What about with young people — with people your own age — I mean, do you notice differences there?

(Man)I do notice some differences — er — I think — ah — I think the younger people in Britain are — they seem to be — much more radical than the younger people in the United States.I noticed that.For example, the dre is different.You see a lot of — I see a lot of males here with earrings in one of their — in one of their ears.You don't see that in America that much.Some — maybe here and there, but not, not like you see it here.Another example, so many of the young people wear black-clothing — you know.I don't — you don't see the other colours.At home you see all different types of bright colours — and in England you see so much black.Especially on the woman.(Woman)You don't like that?

(Man)Not really.It's just my own preference.I like — I'd rather see different colours here and there — not all not all one colour.Everyone looks like Madonna.(Woman)When you say “radical”, are you just thinking of clothes or of anything else?

(Man)Um — No, I think — er — radical as in going against the norms — could you say? Not only in clothing but I think in politics too whereas in America, you don't find that as much.Oh, also, another difference is the young — er — the younger people are — they're more politically aware on a larger level.See a lot of the — a lot of the Americans — they're aware of — er — government of the United States and maybe a few other countries but not as many countries in Europe or they just have a vague understanding of how those other countries are run — not as widespread.Whereas here, I think that they — er — the kids get to know about how different countries are run at a much younger level and they know all about the United States and how it's run.(Woman)What do you think the reasons are for that?

(Man)Um — that's a good question — well, I think that the reasons are — just because of the Pre.You

hear so much about America here that people are — they into it — they want to know what it's about and how it's run.And so many of our polocies in America affect Britain that they want to understand how policies are made and all that and seeing that that doesn't work on the other level like Britain' s policies don't — I mean, they can affect us, but not to as great an extent and therefore you don't know as much about it.Question No.11.What was the first thing that the man found most strange when he arrived in Britain? Question No.12.According to the man, there are two expreions that people don't hear in America.What are they?

Question No.13.Which of the following statements best sums up the man's attitude to Britain? Question No.14.Which of the following things does the man say he doesn't like about Britain? Question No.15.According to the man, why are the British young people more politically aware? Questions 16～20 are based on the following talk.(Man)I'd like to talk about local government in England and Wales, and in England and Wales there are two main types of council.For instance, if I could take the example of Oxford shire, there is one county council where they are responsible for education, social services, structure planning, highways, libraries and museums, and so on.And there are five district councils, again in Oxfordshire, and they're responsible for housing, in particular council housing, for local plans, for dustbin collection, environmental health, and they're also responsible for dustbin collection, environmental health, and they're also responsible for swimming baths, and in Oxford, for instance, they are building an ice-rink in the middle of the city.If we could talk particularly about the question of education, I think this would illustrate the idea of local government in the best way poible.First of all, there is a minister at central government level.He is the Minister for Education and he's responsible for running a comprehensive education system in the whole country.But in practice there is a lot of local control.So local council, county such as Oxford shire County Council, actually run the schools and colleges in their area.If we take the example of Oxfordshire again, there are seventy county councilors.They re elected every four years, mostly unpaid, except for their expenses, and about thirty of these are on the education Committee, which meets regularly.And these councilors obviously make policy, but most of the work is done behind the scenes by the Chief Education Officer, who's a paid official, and his staff.And it's very much a question of the Chairman of the Education Committee, an elected councilor, running the service in conjunction with the Chief Education officer and his staff.If I could give an idea of some of the structure.There are three sub-committees: Education Committee itself, plus the Schools Committee, the Further Education Committee, and a general Service Committee.One main iue which they're looking at the moment, in fact all the time, is obviously the question of teachers.Pupil-teacher ratio, for instance.And that tells you how many teachers are employed by the council and how many children there are, giving you the number of children per cla.And a lot of the opposition parties and parents and others are agitating all the time for smaller cla sizes.For instance, in the primary schools, it's said by many people that to have claes of over thirty is unreasonable, and they should be reduced in size.It is of course expensive to employ teachers, so that s the argument on the other side.Basically, the system, then, is a partnership between the Minister at central government level, who of course is a, an elected politician, by the staff in the Department of Education and Science, the civil servants, and by local councils, governors of schools, parents and teachers and so on.21

Question No.16.What is the topic of this lecture?

Question No.17.How many main types of council are there in England and Wales?

Question No.18.Which of the following is NOT listed as the major responsibilities of the district councils? Question No.19.Which of the following statements is TRUE about education in this country? Question No.20.Which iue is all the time considered by the Education Committee?

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST Part A: Note-taking and Gap filling

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a short talk.You will hear the talk only once.While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate answer booklet.You will not get your answer booklet until after you have listened to the talk.Now listen to the talk carefully.I'm going to talk about acid rain, a subject which many people have heard of but very few understand fully.I'm going to talk about exactly what acid rain is and why it's a problem and then I'm going to finish off by saying what we can do about it, what the solutions are now and what the solutions will be in the future, in the long term.So first of all, acid rain is a term that's really being used now for a kind of pollution which is hanging over our heads in a sense — it's the air pollution above us.It's the pollution that's coming down in rain, in mist, in snow, in hail, in many different ways and damaging our forests, our lakes and rivers, our buildings and even human health.If we are to control acid rain, we must know what is actually causing it, so now I'm going to talk about the chemicals involved.There are really three we should look at.These are sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ozone.The first two of those are primary pollutants — that is they are produced directly from source.In the case of sulphur dioxide, the main problem is power station chimneys.In the case of nitrogen oxides, they come really half and half from cars and from power stations.Ozone is what's known as a secondary pollutant.It means it s formed in the atmosphere from a combination of other pollutants, other primary pollutants.Ozone is formed from a combination of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons both of which come from car exhausts.If you put sunlight onto these two chemicals, they react together and they form ozone and so the highest levels of ozone are found in a hot summer around the edges of cities where there are lots of car exhausts, lots of sunlight and then you end up with a lot of ozone.I think the one that most people would aociate with acid rain, if they know anything about it all, is sulphur and particularly sulphur dioxide.About seventy-one percent of all the sulphur dioxide emitted from Britain comes from the large coal burning power stations predominantly situated in the Midlands.The problem, of course with sulphur dioxide is that it doesn't just fall close to the factory or the power station.It gets lifted in the air and it can travel thousands of miles in the air before if falls as rain.Our environment is dying as well and sulphur from our power stations is landing all over the United Kingdom.In Wales and in the West of Scotland, acid rain is already having quite a marked effect.Some hundreds of lakes in Wales have been affected, several have lost their fish and in the West of Scotland, twenty-seven Galloway lakes have already completely lost their fish.Now perhaps I should go on to some of the solutions that we should be looking to stop this environmental catastrophe.There are short-term solutions and there are long-term solutions.In the short term, we need to make immediate cuts to the emiions that are coming from our power stations and cars.In the long term, we need to change the way society is thinking.We shouldn t just clean up power station chimneys and car

exhausts.What we need to do is change the way society thinks and reacts.The first thing that needs to be done is we need to use le energy.One way of using le energy is to increase recycling and so recycling schemes and re-use of materials should be encouraged throughout Europe and North America.Secondly, we have to change of transport system.We have to look for a more efficient transport system which relies le on individuals-use of cars and more on a good public transport network.These are the things we must be looking forward to.Unle we do that, unle we change society in this way — conserve energy, rationalise our way of transport and now clean up our power stations and individual cars then we're bound to see more and worse environmental effects from air pollution and acid rain.We must act now.Part B: Listening and Translation

Ⅰ.Sentence Translation

Sentence No.1.Shanghai is a world-famous metropolitan city.Shanghai has been a window to the west;it is the city in which my country and yours iued the communique that began our modern friendship.Sentence No.2.Today, about 20% of American children live with only one parent.One of the reasons for this is the increasing number of women who have children without being married.Sentence No.3.For the first ten months of this year, bilateral trade volume was 4.1 billion US dollars, which is a 25 percent increase over the same period last year.Sentence No.4.Globalization obliges all nations, small or large, rich or poor, to take part in a continuous proce of adjustment.Sentence No.5.History is a river that may take us as it will.But we have the power to navigate, to choose direction and make our paage together.Ⅱ.Paage Translation

Paage 1

A hotel is a temporary home for people who are travelling.In a hotel, the traveller can rest and has acce to food and drink, either on the premises or nearby.The hotel may also offer facilities for recreation, such as a swimming pool, a golf course, or a beach.In many cases, the hotel also provides free space for the traveller's means of transportation, which nowadays is the automobile.All of these services are designed to accommodate the traveller, so the hotel busine is often referred to as the accommodations industry.Paage 2

Police said that about five hundred homes were washed away by floods after a typhoon struck the west coast of the island yesterday bringing driving rain and winds of up to eighty miles per hour.The typhoon flooded wide areas of the island and crippled communications and power supplies.All domestic flights were cancelled yesterday and the international airport was closed for about five hours.It was reported that two paenger ferries had been sunk but no details of casualties were given.It will be some time before we hear the final casualty figures.23