专业英语试卷_专业英语试卷a答案
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1.碱性氧气转炉：basic oxygen furnace2.不锈钢：stainle steel3.氧枪：oxygen lanc
4.高炉：blast furnace5.溅渣护炉：slag splashing6.LF精炼炉：Ladle—Furnace
7.造渣剂：flux8.电弧炉：electric-arc furnace9.焦比：coke rate
10.耐火材料：refractory material
1.随着对高质量钢需求的增加，炉外精炼已成为当今炼钢过程中必不可少的步骤
As the demand for high quality steels increased , post—treatment became a routine step in the production of steel.2.炼钢的原料为铁水、废钢、海绵铁、造渣剂、合金剂和脱氧剂。
The raw materials used for steelmaking are hot metal, steel scrap, sponge iron, slag formers, alloying agents and deoxidizer.3.炉外精炼的任务主要是：脱气，脱碳和去除不必要的非金属夹杂物。
The task of secondary refining are: degaing, decarburization and removing undesirable non-metallics.4.高炉炼铁的主要含铁原料是铁矿石、烧结矿、球团矿。
The major iron-bearing materials are iron ores, sinter and pellet in the blast furnace
5.气体还原法中，还原剂是一氧化碳，氢气或这两种气体的混合物。
Reducing gases are carbon monoxide, hydrogen or mixtures of two in gas reduction proce.缸，炉缸四周由碳砖砌筑，底部中心复合砌筑。炉缸底部有一个或多个出铁口，铁水和炉渣从这些铁口排出，铁口的上部是渣口，在现代低渣量操作的情况下，渣口仅在开炉和紧急条件下使用。炉缸上部是炉腹，炉腹角在高炉设计中是一个关键的参数。最宽的部分是炉腰，可以通过各种方法冷却。一般情况下，炉腹和炉身采用陶瓷内衬。
Silica is very stable, once formed, which is not again reduced in any of the basic procees.它们在铁液中不能溶解；第二阶段，它们上升到铁水表面并与加入的石灰形成炉渣，钢液和炉渣可以直接得到氧化反应产生的所有热量。硅能被氧化成二氧化硅并放出热量，二氧化硅加速了渣中石灰的溶解及炉渣的形成进程，释放出的热量可用于熔化废钢。二氧化硅非常稳定，一旦形成，就不会在任何碱性工艺下重新还原。
3.Just as in the case of the hot metal, the slag formers are used to produce a reactionable low viscosity slag capable of absorbing undesired elements.Slag formers are used at all stages of iron and steel production, such as refining, pretreatment, post-treatment, and in steel casting.Slag formers consist of lime, dolomite, fluorspar, etc.Lime(CaO)and dolomite(CaCO3, MgCO3)are the two primary fluxes.Lime is obtained by calcining the carbonate minerals in rotary kilns.As slag formers, a special limitation is that dusty materials must be avoided, since dust is carried off easily by waste gases.就如铁水的（生产）情况一样，使用造渣剂会产生一种反应性好的能吸收杂质元素的低粘度炉渣。在钢铁生产的各个阶段，如精炼阶段、预处理阶段、炉外精炼阶段以及铸钢阶段都使用造渣剂。造渣剂有石灰、白云石、萤石等组成。石灰和白云石是两种主要的造渣剂，石灰可以通过在回转窑内煅烧碳酸盐获得。作为造渣剂要特别注意避免使用粉末状材料，因为废气很容易将粉末带走。
4.RH proce is circulation degaing in vacuum chamber.There are two circulation legs under the vacuum chamber and the steel is caused to flow up into evacuated chamber for degaing by the paage of a small but continuous flow of argon gas into one leg of the chamber.Gravity causes it to leave through the other leg and return to the ladle where the outflow creates the adequate degree of circulation.The average circulation rate is usually some 12 ton per min and 20min are required to fully treat a 100 ton ladle of steel.The temperature lo will be 40 to 50℃ for about 40 ton.RH法师循环真空脱气工艺。脱气室下部设有与其相通的两根循环流管，钢液通过一根连续吹氩的管子进入真空室进行脱气。重力的作用又导致钢液从另一根管子离开并返回到钢包中。该工艺的平均循环流速通常是每分钟12t，20min将处理完100t的钢包，而对于大约40t钢包来说温度损失是40~20℃。
5.Copper removal from molten steel to FeS-Na2S slag has been studied at 1853K.The ma percentage(ma Pct)of carbon in steel samples is 0.18.For comparison, the copper removal experiments were also performed in molten iron whose carbon content(ma Pct)is 4.7.It is found that with the same slag composition, the final copper content in molten iron is much lower than that in molten steel, which implies that the copper removal is more effective in molten iron.The analysis suggests that this phenomenon may originate from the high activity coefficient of copper in molten iron, which is caused by the high carbon content.To improve the copper removal effect in molten steel, more slag was added.And the copper removal ratio can reach 48.09% when the weight ratio of slag/steel is 20%.This result may be acceptable for the industrial purpose.(引自“Copper Removal From Molten Steel With FeS-Na2S Slag”，High Temperature Materials and Proce Vol.28(2009), No.1-2 pp.67-72)
在1853K条件下，对含有硫化亚铁-硫化钠渣的钢水进行了去除铜的研究。钢样中的碳的质量百分率（质量百分比）为0.18。为了比较，在熔融铁中也进行了去除铜的实验，碳含量（质量百分比）为4.7。结果显示，与相同的炉渣组合物反应，最终的熔融铁中的铜含量远低于钢水，这意味着在熔融铁中脱铜更有效。分析表明，这种现象可能源于铁水中铜的活度系数高，而这又是高碳含量所引起的。为了提高钢水中的铜的去除效果，加入了更多的矿渣。发现当熔渣/钢的重量比为20％，脱铜率可以达到48.09％。该结果可能被工业用途所接受。
shaft furnace.The reducing top gas flows from an outlet pipe into the top-gas scrubber where it is cooled and its dust particles are removed.The largest portion of the top gas is recompreed, enriched with natural gas ,preheated to about 400℃, and piped into the reformer tubes.In the catalyst tubes, the gas mixture is reformed to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.The hot reformed gas is then recycled to the DR furnace.（在气体还原法中，还原剂是一氧化碳，氢气或这两种气体的混合物。它们通常从天然气中获得。天然气中甲烷转化一氧化碳和氢气的反应如下：
竖炉法在气体还原法中起着重要的作用。50%其上的还原过程是在竖炉中进行的。
米德列竖炉自1969年最早建成并投产以来，已发展成为直接还原法的主要形式。最大的米德列竖炉年生产能力达到了80万吨。）这种工艺的主要部分包括：直接还原炉、气体转化炉和气体冷却系统。生产时，还原气通过位于还原带底部的环形风管进入到还原炉内，迎着下降炉料向上运动。固体炉料通过料封管不断从竖炉顶部进入。还原炉的设计使得炉料能够依靠自身的重力作用均匀地通过预热带、还原带、冷却带。冷却后的直接还原铁可以不断地通过炉底料封管排出。冷却气体的流向与竖炉内冷却带炉料的流向相反。从炉顶逸出的气体流向洗涤器，在那里冷却，洗涤除去炉尘。大部分炉顶气体被压缩后与天然气混合预热到约400℃，导入重整管，被重整成一氧化碳和氢气，然后循环到直接还原炉内。
