吉林省职称外语考试理工类模拟试题2（推荐）_吉林模拟试题

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200924、年吉林省职称外语考试理工类模拟试题2

第三篇

DNA fingerprinting

DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things.In mammals the stands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes.With the exception of identical siblings(as in identical twins), the complete DNA of each individual is unique.DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing.It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA.A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tiue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva.The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size.The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars---the DNA fingerprint.If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985.Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs.The first criminal conviction base on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1998.In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects.Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence.However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the poible misuse of the technique.The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons.First, because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”;a DNA fingerprint may not be unique;large-scale research to confirm the uniquene of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted.In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls.Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results.DNA fingerprinting is expensive.Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to succefully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database.练习

1.According to the eay, we can find chromosomes

A.in a fish.B.in a tree.C.in a sheep.D.in a rock.2.DNA fingerprinting is more often used for

A.obtaining samples of chromosomes.B.providing evidence in court investigations.C.proving the horse to be a mammal.D.printing books about biology.3.When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may be

A.exactly like his.B.totally different from his.C.unique.D.lost.标准答案： C,B,A27、第6部分：完型填空(每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

What Is Anthrax?

There’s been a lot of talk about anthrax on the news lately.Some people are worried that anthrax may be connected to terrorist attacks or that terrorists may spread the germ that __1__ the disease.Federal officials and police are investigating this and taking measures to protect us.In the meantime, it’s important not to panic over anthrax.The chances that you and your family __2__at risk are very tiny.One of the ways you can feel better is to learn about anthrax.When you know what it is and __3__you can get it, it doesn’t seem quite as scary.So, what__4__is anthrax?

Here are the facts on anthrax:

Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by a germ.Although it’s most common in farm __5__, like sheep, cows, pigs, horses, and goats, there’s a very small chance that people can get it, too.Anthrax spores(a version of the germ in a protective shell that can live in the soil for years)cause the disease.People may get anthrax if they are exposed to anthrax __6__.But here’s the important part: just being exposed to these spores doesn’t mean that a person will get __7__.For people to get sick, they would have to breathe in thousands of these spores all the way into their __8__.Or they’d have to eat meat contaminated with anthrax or handle __9__ that has anthrax spores.This may sound scary, but even when people come __10__contact with the spores, it’s unlikely that they’ll get sick.__11__the bacteria do not get into the skin, digestive tract, or lung, the disease won’t develop.Anthrax is not spread from person person to person they way the flu can spread from family member to __12__member or clamate to clamate.Anthrax is very rare.Until recently, anthrax wasn’t even talked about because it was so rare – and it still __13__!Even with all of the anthrax cases you are hearing about right now(and many of these suspected cases will turn out not to be anthrax), a person’s chances of getting anthrax are about the __14__as they were before you heard about anthrax on the news – very, very low.If you still feel scared when you hear about anthrax, remember that it’s extremely unlikely that you or your family or anyone you know will ever be __15__ to anthrax spores.练习：

1.A)raises

B)causes

C)brings

D)lifts

2.A)are

B)look

C)pose

D)turn

3.A)that

B)what

C)how

D)whom

4.A)namely

B)frankly

C)actually

D)exactly

5.A)places

B)animals

C)households

D)insects

标准答案： B,A,C,D,B28、6.A)germs

B)infections

C)risks

D)spores

7.A)sick

B)frightened

C)hit

D)worse

8.A)stomach

B)lung

C)mouth

D)skin

9.A)something

B)anything

一、单选题

(词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)。下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。)

1、Sally likes to tease her brother about his girl friends.A)charm

B)laugh at

C)criticize

D)respect

标准答案： b2、America’s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.A)encouraged

B)endangered

C)endorsed

D)enlarged

标准答案： a3、You have to follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule.A)obvious

B)simple

C)only

D)aumed

标准答案： c4、In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A)strange

B)certain

C)inconsistent

D)proper

标准答案： b5、Techniques to harne the energy of the sun are being developed.A)convert

B)store

C)utilize

D)receive

标准答案： c6、First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.A)at any place

B)at any price

C)in any language

D)in any country

标准答案： b7、In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.A)confuses

B)excites

C)scares

D)diverts

标准答案： b8、Sulfur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.A)regularly

B)accidentally

C)sometimes

D)succefully

标准答案： c9、Many fine cooks insist on ingredients(成分)of the highest quality.A)demand

B)rely on

C)prepare for

D)create

标准答案： a10、The company recommended that a new petrol station(should)be built here.A)ordered

B)insisted

C)suggested

D)demanded

标准答案： c11、It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under.A)sincere

B)hard

C)strict

D)tight

标准答案： b12、They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.A)solve

B)determine

C)untie

D)complete

标准答案： a13、The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.A)argued

B)predicted

C)said

D)suggested

标准答案： a14、He expreed concern that the ship might be in distre.A)despair

B)difficulty

C)need

D)danger

标准答案： d15、The most preing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A)puzzling

B)difficult

C)terrifying

D)urgent

标准答案： d

二、匹配题

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16、Privacy worry may keep HIV patients from therapy

Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status.In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August iue of AIDS Care.Dr.Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, studied the confidentiality iues of 15 HIV –infected patients from rural North Carolina locations.They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,” Whetten-Goldstein said.“Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”

“Two types of breaches occurred,” Whetten-Goldstein noted.” The first was a more obvious type of breach.One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.”

“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches,” Whetten-Goldstein explained.“This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”

“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said.“They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”

“However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.1.All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the poibility to expose their HIV status.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2.Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the culative effects on patients.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3.Medical worders of an institution cannot freely provide their HIV-patients’ information to those of other institutions.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4.Whether a HIV-infected patient agrees to other(not his)medical workers’ sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

标准答案： B,B,A,C17、5.Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6.Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.