雅思写作替换词_雅思写作经典替换词
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1.建筑
建筑 architecture建筑, architectural style建筑风格, traditional传统的 modern现代的, postmodern后现代的 have aesthetic value有美学价值, energy-efficient 节能的 function功能 functional 功能型的，实用的 historic site 历史遗迹 cultural relics 文化遗迹 national identity 民族特征 skyscraper 摩天大楼 courtyard dwellings 四合院 well-structured 结构完好的 representation n.代表 crystallization结晶/civilization 文明 exterior appearance 外表 interior 内部的 eye sore 丑的东西 demolish, pull down 拆除 preserve保留, devastation破坏，2.环保:
environmental protection 环境保护 environmentally-friendly 环保的 preserve v.保护，保存 conserve 污染： Pollute= contaminate, pollutant Pollution=contamination 垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury(landfill), dump，recycle plastic bags, drinking cans biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的 disposable 可丢弃的 ~ product discourage v.不鼓励 燃料 non-renewable 不可再生的 foil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源 alternative energy替代能源 replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电, solar(lunar)power太阳能, nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐 radioactivity n.辐射性 use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗尽 conserve v.节省，节约, consume le v.少消耗
危害动物: poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者 , natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区, protect wildlife保护野生动物, disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。。有灾难性的影响 危害植物: vegetation植被 deforestation森林消失, landslide山体滑坡, 危害环境: carbon dioxide二氧化碳, greenhouse gas emiion destroy ozone layer acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖 ecological system=ecosystem生态系统 green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴,(filter v.过滤)arouse people’s awarene/consciousne of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识
动物： vivisection 活体解剖 perform/conduct experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验 1 animal rights 动物权益 cruel and barbaric 残忍和野蛮的 inhumane 不仁道的 alternative methods替代方式，其他方式 torture 折磨 right to live 生命权 life-threatening diseases威胁生命的疾病 medical technique医疗技术 clinical research 临床研究 vaccine 疫苗 anatomy解剖
3.教育 学校:
nursery托儿所 kindergarten幼儿园 primary school/elementary school小学, secondary school中学教育 higher education高等教育 tertiary level
further education进修 教育: parenting, schooling, enroll 入学admit 招收，录取 Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。。compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育selective，compulsory military service，minors 未成年人adolescence，teenager/teen，youth，youngster immature 不成熟的学习的好处 learn skills学习技能 acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识, widen horizon开阔视野, inspire interest激发兴趣, stimulate interest激发兴趣, cultivate v.培养 hobbies develop potentials conduce to mental development lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础
学习上的问题: lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力, test-oriented education应试型教育,teacher-centred education student-centred education money-oriented
quality education 素质教育 cram for examinations突击考试, stuff 塞
materials memorise背, memorisation, rote learning死记硬背 Test-taking techniques应试技巧
坏处： discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维 students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught 学生们不去质问他们学习的东西 conduce to academic performance有助学习表现 Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。。产生负面影响 Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance.Creativity 创造性 Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价 Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。的水平
工作: Full-time, part-time, casual job，white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer, 收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,revenue
职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的 Steady稳定的 provide many opportunities for…提供各种。。的机会, give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感, apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中, put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分, improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力, well-fare福利 benefit future development将来的发展, 不好: demanding难做的, streful有压力的, tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的, boring无聊的, routine work常规工作, repetitive重复性的, work overtime/extra hours加班 workaholic工作狂, repetitive strain injuries职业病, adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件, Personnel, human resources 人力资源
4.新闻,媒体 媒体: medium-media:
read newspapers watch TV programs surf the Internet see movies up-to-date information最新的信息, acce v.n.接触 The internet enables people to have easy acce to various information.记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队（复数）tabloid 读者群Readership 观众audience 报道：news coverage/TV coverage
好处: provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息, entertain us是我们得到娱乐, enable people to relax使人们得到放松, dieminate/spread knowledge传播知识, keep people well-informed使人信息灵通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends
坏处: information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸 Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情, obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的 objectionable content不良信息 cyber crime网络犯罪(financial crime)
net cafe Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的 isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的 unsociable不善社交的新闻审查制度: censorship filter objectionable content过滤不良内容, provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间 invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私, deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由, freedom of the pre新闻自由 People are deprived of the freedom of speech.人们被剥夺了言论自由。
5.交通 Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail mobility移动性 pedestrian行人 traffic conditions(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化 traffic regulations/codes交通规则(obey遵守, violate违背), traffic congestions, traffic jams, heavy traffic拥挤的交通 light traffic比较畅通的交通, crowded street拥挤的道路 Cars dominate our roads.车辆占满了我们的道路。vehicle车辆
Drink-driving酒后驾车 carele driving talking on a phone
观点: adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略 traffic-calming measures减轻交通拥堵的措施 Relieve the preure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力 encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交 carpool拼车 build more cycle lanes 自行车道, encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘 raise the price of fuels 提高油价 impose higher tax 征收高额的税 Subsidise public transport 补贴公共交通 City council市政府 飞机： No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.6.食品 健康 healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle久坐的, an active lifestyle积极锻炼的, exceive intake of…吃过多的。fast food快餐 convenience food方便食品 diabetes, diarrhea腹泻, respiratory disease, nutrition营养 balanced diet均衡的饮食 protein蛋白质, vitamin维生素, fibre纤维 mineral矿物质, high in...canned food
incurable disease绝症 depreion抑郁症 obesity肥胖症-obese
overweight stre-related diseases和压力有关的疾病 therapy（非药物）治疗 treatment 治疗 运动好处 Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stre aerobic exercises有氧运动 vigorous有活力的 energetic经历充沛的 refreshing提神的 refresh your mind and body 提神 train 4 your muscle肌肉 improve blood circulation血液循环 increase flexibility提高灵活性 drain 排出 cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力 develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神 conduce to physical fitne身体健康 jeopardize= damage 危害 pesticide，genetic modification，genetically-modified food
7.犯罪,社会问题
criminal(offender)罪犯 commit crime犯罪, commit suicide robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒, drug dealer, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, ADD/ADHD drug
social security社会治安stability稳定 capital punishment, death penalty死刑, sentence(v.)to death 判死刑 deter crimes威慑 right to life生存权,breadwinner经济支柱 rear a child养孩子 offense罪, offender罪犯, compulsory retirement 强制退休 nursery 托儿所 nursing house老人院 longer imprisonment 长期监禁
家庭问题/青少年问题 single-parent family单亲家庭, extended family大家庭, minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的, sibling兄弟姊妹 Peer preure 同辈人的压力 foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子, spoil溺爱, indulge放纵 run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途 juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, obesity肥胖症, depreion抑郁症, bullying恃强凌弱 absenteeism缺席(truancy, play truant)父母应该： give proper parental guidance父母的引导 set example for children为孩子树立榜样 encourage 鼓励 help build up confidence 帮助建立信心 motivate 鼓舞 discipline their children约束孩子 well-bred有教养的 learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体 act properly 行为得体
8.科技
technology-dependent依赖科技的, breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology innovation科技创新, innovative 创新的renovate v.up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活节奏 reshape our life重新塑造我们的生活 improve life quality提高生活质量 convenience方便 efficiency效率 telecommunication电讯 aembly line流水线 give people more leisure time给人们更多休闲时间, The development of technology has made it poible for people to do 科技的发展使人们做。。成为可能 increase life expectancy 增加平均寿命 find cures for some diseases transplant organ 移植器官 two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑 ma destruction weapons大规模杀伤性武器 chemical weapons化学武器 inspiration，inspire，promote space technology，heart pacemaker，freeze dried vegetables，microwave
9.全球化
cultural diversity文化多元化 cultural treasures文化宝藏 cro-cultural communication跨文化交流 cultural reconstruction文化重建 heritage遗产 achievements of art艺术成就 human civilization人类文明 mainstream culture主流文化 cultural traditions文化传统 national pride民族自豪 local customs and practices风土人情 national identity and value民族特性和价值观 venue场所 spread knowledge传播知识 nurture imagination培养想象力、be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系 cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失 remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解
语言： leer-used languages 使用很少的语言 language acquisition 语言习得 linguistics 语言学 linguist 语言学家 on the verge of extinction 处在灭绝的边缘 universal language 世界语 intellectual development 智力发展 grammatical rules语法规则 context 上下文 technical terms 专业术语 read between lines读懂暗含的意思 解决游客过多的措施
There are various solutions to these problems.The first one is to limit tourist
numbers, because fewer visitors will result in le damage.Another solution is to enforce strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there.For example, special paths can be built and people can be forbidden to walk off the paths.
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