动名词_动名词是什么

动名词由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“动名词是什么”。

动名词

一、概说：动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing构成，形式上与现在分词相同。动名词除具有动词性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语(故称动名词为非谓语动词)。

二、动名词的句法功能：1.用作主语Finding work is difficult these days.现今找工作可不容易。

注：动名词作主语时，有时可用it作形式主语。如：It’s hard work climbing mountains.爬山是费劲的事。用it代替动名词作形式主语的两个常用句型：It’s no use saying any more about it.再谈这事没有用。Is it any good trying to explain? 试图作些解释有用吗? 注：这些句子的主词都是「动作」，而在英语中，若主词是「动作」，则该「动作」中的「动词」须改为「动名词」，当主词是动名词时，它的动词是第三人单数。

2.用作表语My favorite sport is swimming.His job is looking after sheep.他的任务是看羊。

注：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，两者的区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多表示具体的、一次性的动作。

3.用作宾语Excuse me for coming late.对不起我来晚了。

Most students enjoy asking questions in English.多数学生都喜欢用英语提问。

注：动词用作介词宾语时，通常只用动名词形式，而不用不定式形式，典型的例外是表示“除外”的except和but(它们后接动词作宾语时通常用不定式)。注：当做部分动词的受词：「以子句为单位，若同一子句中有第二个动词出现时，则该第二个动词要改为『不定词』」。但在英语中，有些动词则有不同的用法，这些动词后若有接第二个动词时，则须改用「动名词」（V-ing）形式，这种动词迄今有 enjoy/finish/keep/practice 等。4.Good learners enjoy learning English.（好的学习者，喜欢学习英语。）有些动词后则可接「不定词」和「动名词」，这类的动词有 begin/start/try/like/love/hate（hate: 恨）等，「开始 尝试 爱 恨」

8.He started learning to surf the Internet last week.（他上个礼拜开始学习上网。）

He started to learn to surf the Internet last week.当作介词的受词：放在「介词」后面的动词，也是需要用 V-ing 的形式。在此之前，我们已学到了 How about...?(= What about...?)，虽说当时并没有用来接 V-ing，但也可以用这个句型做为例句说明。11.How about collecting baseball cards?（收集棒球卡如何啊？）

这种「介词」后面加「动名词」的现象，常见于如 be afraid of, worry about, talk about, be careful about 等的「介词词组」中。12.I worried about speaking English.（我担心要说英语。）

有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如： ⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒险试一试做某事

⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事

⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事

⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事

⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事

⑹try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试一试做某事

⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾

⑻mean to do 打算／想做某事 mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事

4.用作宾语补足语Can we call this serving mankind? 这能叫为人类服务吗？ I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。注：动名词用作宾语补足语时，主要动词通常是call。

5.用作定语We need a new working method.我们需要一种新的工作方法。The doctor told me not take sleeping pills.医生叫我不要服安眠药。注：与不定式和现在分词作定语不同，动名词作定语不以短语的形式出现，而且总是位于被修饰名词之前(在许多情况下构成合成名词)，用以表示被修饰名词的用途、目的和场合：

reading room 阅览室operating table 手术台swimming pool游泳池

singing competition歌咏比赛 drinking water饮用水

washing machine洗衣机 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。

boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点

a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机 动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：

a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物

动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池 当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。

She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.= There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.5)动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。

Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden.(时间)打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。

Being ill, he couldn't go to school.(原因)因为生病，他不能去上学。

Working diligently, you will certainly succeed.(条件)只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。

Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired.(让步)(尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。

My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.(结果)我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。

Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities.(方式)我们坐火车访问了好多城市。

Mary sat by the window of the claroom, reading a book.(伴随)玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。介词后面接动名词。

insist on、count on / upon、set about、be succeful in（succeed in）、good at、、等

三、动名词的时态与语态

动名词根据语义的需要有主动语态和被动语态之分，同时根据所表示动作与谓语动作的关系有一般式和完成式之别。现以动词do为例将动名词的时态与语态归纳如下

主 动 语 态

被动语态 一般式

doing

being done 完成式

having done

having been done 注：动名词没有进行式和完成进行式。

1.动名词一般式的用法：动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以与谓语动作同时，也可谓语动作之前或之后，有时可能没有明确的先后关系：

(1)与谓语动作同时发生We had a good time in dancing with them.我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。(2)发生在谓语动作之后：She is considering changing her job.她在考虑换个工作。

注：动名词所表示的动作发生谓语动作之后，通常与相关动词或介词等的含义有关。如表示“建议”的动词advise, suggest，表示“推迟”的动词delay, put off，表示“考虑”的动词consider，等等，由于动词本身词义的原因，它们后面用作宾语的动名词所表示的动作通常都发生在谓语动作之后。

(3)发生在谓语动作之前：After reading your letter I knew what had happened.看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。

注：动名词所表示的动作发生谓语动作之前，通常也与相关动词或介词等的含义有关。如动词forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)，remember(记住)，stop(停止)，finish(完成)，admit(承认)等，它们后接动名词作宾语时，动名词所表示的动作通常都发生在谓动作之前。

(4)没有明确的先后关系：Learning a foreign language is not easy.学会一门外语是不容易的。2.动名词完成式的用法

动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或状态：

I have no idea of their having done such a thing.我不知道他们做过那样的事。

注：动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁)：

Excuse me for not answering [having answered] your letter earlier.请原谅我没有早点给你回信。有些不强调动作先后关系或句子本身已表明了先后关系的场合，通常用动名词的一般式： He has worked hard since leaving school.自从离开学校以来他工作一直很努力。3.动名词被动式的用法

当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时，动名词则要用被动式： This question is far from being settled.这个问题远没解决。

注：(1)在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require后接动名词时，习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义(但若用不定式，则用被动式表示被动意义)：

The machine requires repairing [to be repaired].这机器需要修理了。(2)在be worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义： This might be worth thinking about.这可能值得考虑。

The clock is hardly worth repairing.这台钟简直不值得修理。4.动名词的被动式

动名词的否定式是将否定词not置于动名词之前。若动名词为完成式或被动式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前：

He said he so much regretted not being able to swim.他说他对不会游泳感到非常遗憾。注：若动名词带有逻辑主语，则否定词应置于逻辑主语之后： I’m surprised at your not having noticed.你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。练习题

1.No one enjoys _______ at.A.laughing

B.to laugh C.being laughed D.to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house _______.A.to be broken in

B.from being broken inC.to break in

D.from breaking in 3.They insisted on _______ another chance to try.A.given

B.giving

C.being given D.to be given 4.---Where is my paport? I remember _______ it here.---You shouldn't have left it here.Remember _______ it with you all the time.A.to put；to take

B.putting；takingC.putting；to take

D.to put；taking 5.His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted 6.After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.to write 7.The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.A.looking after

B.to look afterC.to be looked after

D.taken good care of 8.Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.A.to learn；to learn B.learning；learningC.learning about；learn D.learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.A.mied

B.to be miing C.miing

D.to be mied 10.She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.A.to studyB.studying C.to studying D.study 11.Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back 12.As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.A.hear；post

B.hearing；to postC.be heard；posting

D.be hearing；to posting 13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.A.to read

B.to see

C.reading

C.in seeing 14.Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were 15.We appreciate _______ us to the ball.A.them to invite B.to invite C.their inviting D.being invited 16.Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.A.keeping；filling out B.to keep；to fill outC.keeping；to fill out D.to keep；filling out 17.He was afraid _______ for being late.A.of seeing

B.of being seen C.to be seen

D.to have seen 18.I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.A.to put off B.putting off C.put off D.to be put off 19.I don't see how I could poibly manage _______ the work without _______.A.finish；helping B.to finish；being helpedC.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped 20.Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.A.doing；being done B.doing；doingC.to be done；to be done D.to be done；being done 21.We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work.A.finish

B.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing 22.I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.A.answerB.answeringC.writing D.to post 23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.A.to be caught

B.be caught C.being caught

D.catching 24.I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there.At first, I thought I _____ it at home.Then I remembered ___ it out to pay for the taxi.A.must have left；to take B.may leave；takingC.might leave；to take D.could have left；taking 25._______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A.After hearing

B.On hearing C.While hearing D.Having heard 26._______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.A.To see；to laugh

B.Seeing；to laughC.Seeing；laughing

D.To see；laughing 27.It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes.A.spend

B.spent

C.spending

D.being spent 28.The sentence needs _______.A.improve

B.a improvement C.improving D.improved 29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.A.to find

B.to look for C.in finding D.in looking for 30.I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.to take

Ⅱ、填入动名词的适当形式：1.Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island?(stay)2.I can't understand your _______ at that poor child.(laugh)3.She didn't mind _______ overtime.(work)4.To make a living, he tried __, __, and various other things, but he had failed in all.(write;paint)5.We are looking forward to Mary's _______.(come)6.She was praised for _______ the life of the child.(save)7.She ought to be praised instead of _______.(criticize).8.Is there any poibility of our _______ the championship?(win)9.He came to the party without _______.(invite)

Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.3.你写完作文了吗?4.请原谅我来晚了.5.他不声不响地走了进来.6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.Keys:Ⅰ、1.C

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.A

6.D

7.A

8.D

9.C

10.C11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A21.D 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.C

1.staying 2.laughing3.working 4.writing;painting5.coming6.having saved7.being criticized

8.winning9.being invited Ⅲ、1.My favourite sport is swimming.2.It's no use going there today.He won't be in；(can't be in).3.Have you finished writing your composition?4.Excuse me for being；(coming)；late.5.He entered the room without making any noise.6.He entered the room without being seen.