陕西省委党校研究生复习资料英语答案(十套)_党校研究生复习资料

陕西省委党校研究生复习资料英语答案(十套)由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“党校研究生复习资料”。

卷一：

单选：

1、Your story sheer；

2、the factors interact；

3、Jack ；

4、；

5、6、the judge7、；

8、；

9、；

10、；

11、She killed12、；

13、No14、；

15、；16、17、18、This watch is superior；

19、AS is announced；20、We left being。

完型：One day a police officerCACDDBACAADDBACDABBC——1.C(pleased with)；2.A(share)；3.C(try)；

4.D(careful)；5.D(enioy)；6.B(but)；7.A(later)；8.C(seriously)；9.A(immediately)；10.A(hard)；11.D(remained)；12.D(returned)；13.B(discu)；14.B(these)；15.C(way)；16.D(in which)；17.A(suffer)；18.B(feeling)；19.C(peaceful)；20.C(surprised)阅读理解：第一篇the biggest safety threat:1.C)a poible；2.D)hey were suspected；3.B)the harmful；4.C)Because research；5.A)is in favor。

第二篇The rise of multinations1.D)increased;2.B)on PR than US;

3、A)limited；

4、C）are not as；

5、A)American.第三篇Brazil has become one of the developing1.D)by chance;2.C)haven’t yet;3.A)attributes it to;4.B)they have gradually;5.B)The desire for.短句翻译:

1、她从没大笑过，也没有发过脾气.She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.2、如果地球突然停止运转，我们都会从上面飞离出去.If the earth suddenly stopped spinning, we would allfly off it.3、在搬到另一个城市之前，艾米处理掉了房子和家具.Before moving to another city, Amy dispose of the house and the furniture.4、近来对油耗低的微型小汽车的需求量一直很大

Recently there has been a great demand for small cars that consume little gas.5、他年轻的时候学习很努力，这也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因。He studied hard in his youth, which contributed to his great succe in later life.卷三：

单选：1.C)The mother(to blame)；2.B)Can

youhave(finished)；3.B)I’d rather；4.C)The clarks(to stay at)；5.A)Stop(talking)；6.A)I hate people(reveal)7.B)(chances is)he’s already；8.A)Five minutes(and)； 9.C)(reviewing)their work；10.A)He is very(anbitious)11.D)she realized；12.A)The local(granted)；13.C I can’t(distinguish)；14.D)When the(fasten)；15.C)Fresh fruits(season)；16.A)My throat(sore)；17.D)He made(sketch)18.B)Please be(joking)；19.A)In the united(federal)；20.C)When you(permanent)(CBBCA ABACA DACDC ADBAC)

完型：Space is a dangerous place(DCDCDCDBABADCBADDCAB)——1.D(as)；2.C(earth)；3.D(for)；4.C(eat)；5.D(too)；6.C(atmosphere)；7.D(through)；8.B(enormous)；9.A(aoonas)；10.B(exposed)；11.A(but)；12.D(do)；13.C(space)；14.B(units)；15.A(receive)；16.D(normal)；17.D(varies)；18.C(that)；19.A(put up with)；20.B(than)

阅读：第一篇Amtrak was experiencing:

1、D)To illustrate；

2、B)trains were not the fastest；

3、C)the adventurous；

4、D)most travel-lovers；

5、A)the attractivene。

第二篇Why does cream go bad faster than butter?

1、A)it suggested；

2、B)multiply；

3、D)altering；

4、C)bacteria；

5、D、while retaining

第三篇Long after the 1998 World Cup was won.1、B)analyze；

2、C)quit；

3、A)errors are more likely；

4、B)the inspectors；

5、B)Age.翻译：

1、We should get along well with those who can inspire us.我们应该和那些能鼓舞我们的人交往。

2、He never spoke to me, other than to ask for something.他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。

3、When confronted with such questions，my mind goes blank，and I can hardly remember the date of my birth.每当遇到这种问题时，我的大脑就一片空白，我几乎想不起自己的生日

4、She spoke in a way that we had never expected.她以一种我们从未料到的方式讲话。

5、I’d like to take this opportunity to expre my heart-felt thanks

for your help。借此机会，我想对你们的帮助表达一下诚挚的谢意

短文翻译

（三）6、Becoming bilingual opens up a whole new world—a world of different people, of different cultures, of different emotions.学会一门外语、拥有双语能力会为你展开一个全新的世界：不同的人，不同的文化，不同的情感。

Learning a second language has many cognitive benefits.For example, learning a new language has been shown to delay Alzheimer’s, boost brainpower, reduce cognitive biases, and even increase concentration and the ability to tune out

distractions.Your ability to build better habits will improve by learning a new language.从认知的角度来说，学一门第二外语有很多益处。比方说，有研究显示学习一门新语言可以延缓老年痴呆症，可以提高大脑能力，可以减少认知偏差，甚至还可以增强注意力避免分心。学会一门新语言，可以培养很多好习惯。

But, more so than cognitive effects, the ability to speak a second language has a ton of social benefits.There’s bli in having the ability to order food in the waiter’s native language, to eavesdrop on people in an elevator, to impre natives by speaking with and understanding them.不过学一门新语言的好处可不仅仅是认知效果。学会一门第二语言还有很多的社会效益。在国外的餐厅你可以使用服务员的母语点餐，你可以偷听电梯里人们的外语交谈。和当地人交流时，你会说他们的语言能听懂他们的意思，也会给他们留下深刻的印象。这些想想是不是就觉得很开心？

The coolest thing about learning your second language is that it makes learning a third, fourth, or fifth language much easier.The challenge isn’t in learning a new language, but rather learning how to learn a language.Once you know the techniques, you’ll be able to apply the same grammatical patterns and language techniques in every new language you learn.我觉得学第二语言最酷的事情是：学会了它会让你学第三、第四甚至第五语言的过程更容易。你所面临的挑战不是学会一门新语言，而是学会如何学语言。一旦你掌握了技巧，你就可以把同样的语法模式和语言技巧应用到你想学的任何一种新语言上。卷二：

1、His extravagance DBDBCBBCBC CCDAB)

完形填空：People of Burlington are being(DCBBA CACBC DABAC BDADA)

阅读理解：第一篇junk food is everywhere1、C.Its temptation is；

2、C.They are based on；

3、D.Easy acce；

4、D.To get alcohol；

5、C.Borrowing ideas

第二篇Unle we spend money to spot1、B)similar in nature.；

2、A)It is very unlikely；

3、B)It may create；

4、D)workable solutions；

5、C)Objective

第三篇 Believe it or not, optical1、A)highway speed；

2、C)they should sloware applicable。；

3、D)will have ；

4、A)try out；

5、C)They1、知识就是力量，我们应该具有广博的知识。Knowledge is power, we should have a broad range of knowledge.2、我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.3、我毫不费力地解决了这个问题：I solved this problem without any difficulty4、如果谈判失败，我们准备采取武力。If we are failed in negotiation, we are prepared to take power.5、该国的人口以每年1200万人的速度持续增长。The population of that county is constantly increasing by 12,000,000 per year 卷四：

单选：When I caught him cheating(ABBCBABACADAACC 完型：Today, most countries in the world have canals.(BDABC CDADB CCDBD BACCB)

阅读：一While still in its early stages, welfare reform(DCABD)

二Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house(BACBC)三In 1993.New York State ordered stores(CDCBA)

翻译：

1、他专心于研究工作，为国家的经济发展做出了巨大贡献。Devoted research, he has made a great contribution to the country's economic development.2、加利福尼亚的阳光多得它不知怎么处理，但其他东西却很贵。California has more light than it knows what to do with but everything else is expensive.3、尽管他的专业是商务贸易，但他从未考虑过从事推销员的工作。Busine major as he is in, he has never considered working as a salesman4、我和家人联系不多，但我有时候的确去看望母亲。

I don’t have much contact with my family, but sometimes I do go and visit my mother5、我甚至都没有和他说过话，更不用说与他讨论事情。I've never spoken to him, let alone discu things with him

卷五单选：The second book was to have been completed(DACADCBCABCCBBABDAAA)

完型：Have you ever wondered what our future is life?(ABCDA BCABB CDABCADBAD)

阅读：一There has been a lot of unfair and biased(ADBBC)二Sporting activities are eentially forms(DCBAA)三The medical world is gradually realizing(ABDCB)

翻译：

1、通过努力工作他取得了巨大的成功。He has achieved a great succe through hard work.2、谁想要这本词典，我就给谁。

I’ll give this dictionary to anyone who wants to have it.3、他向朋友保证在任何情形下他都不会违背还钱的承诺 He aured his friend that under no circumstances would he break his promise to pay back the money.4、记得要写信告诉你父母你在做的和学校里正发生的事情。Remember to write and tell your parents what you are doingand what happened in the school.5、回顾往事总让他感到很幸福。

Reviewing the past always let him feel very happy 卷六单选：Look at the terrible situation had followed(BACDCCDBBDCCBDCCBBBA)

完型：Many people wrongly believe that when people reach

old age(ABCAABDCBA BCBCDCABCA)

阅读：一As the pace of life continues to increase(CADAC)

二Unions are organizations of workers that(CCDAD)

三The standardized educational or psychological(DDDBA)翻译：

1、You shouldn’t complain about your hard conditions ,but work hard and gradually improve them.你们不要抱怨条件艰苦，而应该努力工作，逐步改善条件。

2、Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time we fall.我们最值得自豪的不在于从不跌倒，而在于每次跌倒之后都爬起来。

3、Clever and resourceful though he was ,he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem.虽然他聪明机智，也觉得解决这个问题很难。

4、In addition to make oneself an example, education children have no better way.除了以身作则，教育孩子有没有更好的办法

5、On the floor of the budget cost, they did not consider the factor of price growth.在对这个楼的造价进行预算时，他们没有考虑价格增长的因素

卷七单选：Young people often feel an urge smoking(DBACBACCDCDCADCDAAAC)完型：From childhood to old age, we all use language(BAADCDBAABACDBCADDAC)阅读：阅读一：Scientists say they have discovered hints(CABAD)阅读二：Now let us look at how we read(CCCDA)阅读三：Upon reaching an appropriate age(CACBA)翻译：

1、Lots of university students from poverty-stricken families have to be waiters at night at university.许多出身于贫困家庭的学生上大学的时候，不得不在晚上去当服务员。

2、To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happine.有些东西你想要而没有，这是幸福不可缺少的一部分。

3、Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.树下坐着的人，是我见过的最高大的人之一。

4、Our aim is serving the people heart and soul.我们的目的是全心全意为人民服务

5、Most people agree that the golden week holiday.大多数人赞成黄金周休假 卷八单选：As a public relations(DCBAD CDDCA DCDCC BADBA)

完型：As the plane circled over the airport(ABDCCDBABC DADBB CADAC)

阅读理解：第一篇Baekeland and Hartmann report(DCBAB);

第二篇until the 1980s,the(CCDAB);

第三篇Cancer is feared by everyone.(DCBCA)

翻译：

1、These universities have the authority to grant degrees.这些大学有权授予学位。

2、Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to claroom tests.做家庭作业是提高考试成绩的可靠方法，在课堂测试中更是这样。

3、Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our company would not be thriving as it is.要不是来自政府的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。

4、他五十多岁,但他看上去比实际年龄年轻

5、真正的智慧不在于看到眼前的事,而且在于预见将来的事情 卷九：单选：Today children are being taken good care of(DCBBADADBCBBDABBACBC)

完型：Wise buying is a positive way(BCABDABCDCACADC BDACB)

阅读理解：第一篇Throughout this long , tense election(CBDCA)

第二篇Scientists have devised(BCBAC)

第三篇When next year’s crop of high-school(ABDCB)翻译：

1、Good books can often inspire us various potentials.好书常常能激发我们的各种潜力。

2、Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受惩罚。

3、Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound conclusion.只有当研究者获得充分的数据，他们才能得出一个正确的结论。

4、If you want others to respect you, you should first learn to respect others。要想他人尊重你，你应该先学会尊重别人。

5、She really wanted to get something from the parents and the teacher's encouragement.她真正希望得到的东西是来自父母和老师的鼓励。卷十：

单选：We have at present not any stock(CBDBBADDBA DDBCADDCDD)

完型：Reading involves looking at graphic(BCAAD BADBA ACDBCCDACB)

阅读：第一篇The University of California was(CCBDB)

第二篇There is evidence that the usual variety(ACDDD)

第三篇I’m usually fairly skeptical about any(DBCCA)翻译：

1、He is the last person I want to meet.他是我最不想见的人

2、Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.只是过了一年，我就开始看到我工作的成绩

3、The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly.该组织没有违反规章，但是它也没有负责任地认真工作。

4、Under no circumstances will china is the first to use nuclear weapon.中国政府声明任何情况下都不首先使用核武器。

5、In practice，error sometimes always seems unavoidable.在实践中，差错有时似乎总是不可避免的。

短文翻译

（一）：

You could study in a claroom, but why not get immersed in the culture as well?

既然你会在教室里学习，那为什么不到自己融入到文化中去学习呢？

Old joke: What do you call a person who speaks several

languages? Polyglot.Somebody who speaks two languages? Bilingual.How about someone who speaks only one language? American.有一个陈年的玩笑：你如何称呼会说几国语言的人？通晓多种语言者。那会说两种语言的人呢？双语者。那只会说一种语言的人呢？美国人。

It’s a cringe-worthy stereotype: the “ugly American” tourist shouting in English thinking the added decibels will help the local person understand him.There’s a much better way to

communicate with the global community: Learn another language.While you can always take an online crash course or listen to audiobooks, a much more rewarding way to learn--and satisfy your wanderlust--is to do it on location.这是一种值得炫耀的固有形象：“丑陋的美国”游客大声地说着英语，自以为高分贝就能让当地人理解他讲什么。一种与地球村进行沟通的更好的方式是：学习另一种语言。虽然你总能在线参加速成课程或是听有声电子书，但更有效的学习方式（同时满足你的旅游欲望）是在本土国家学习这种语言。

Would-be students tend to fall into one of two camps: people who want to learn a language from scratch or improve their proficiency with a fairly common one, and those seeking an adventure, where the language is a bonus.Knowing what you want to get out of the experience will help determine whether you should go on, say, a monthlong trip to Europe or a shorter one to a more exotic place like Africa.学习新语言的学生往往分为两类：一类是从零开始学习一门新语言的人，或是与水平相当的人一起提升熟练度；另一类是寻求体验并把语言学习作为激励的人。明了自己想从这段经历中获得什么，这将帮助你应该做出什么样的决定，比如说是选择为期一个月的欧洲之旅，还是选择到非洲这样更有异国情调的地方来一次短期旅游。More Than Just Language Leons 不仅仅是语言课程

“A culturally immersive program, where it is not poible to speak English is the only way to learn a new language, in my opinion,” says Irene Lane, founder of the eco-adventure company Greenloons.生态探险公司Greenloons的创始人艾琳-莱恩说：“我的观点是，把一个人放在说不了英语的文化沉浸式项目里，这是学习新语言的唯一方法。”

And the leons learned aren’t just linguistic.Observing family life, going to the local market, interacting with shopkeepers help to round out and deepen the overall experience.Your greatest souvenir from a language-learning adventure will be the ability to communicate in a foreign tongue.But you're also likely to make lasting friendships and find inspiration for future international escapes.Following these suggestions can help you get even more out of your once-in-a-lifetime experience.学到的不仅仅是语言。观察家庭生活、到当地市场去、和店主交流，这些将帮助你完善和加深整个体验。在语言学习的经历中，你得到的最大礼物是用外国语进行沟通的能力。此外你还能建立一段长久的友谊，并找到在未来全球范围内语言沉浸学习的灵感。遵循以下建议，你将从人生中仅此一次的经历中受益更多。短文翻译

（二）One of the most important social developments that helped to make poible a shift in thinking about the role of public

education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950's and 1960's on the schools.一项重要的、有可能促使人们对公共教育的角色的看法发生转变的社会发展是本世纪五六十年代的生育高峰对学校的影响。

In the 1920's, but especially in the Depreion conditions of the 1930's, the United States experienced a declining birth rate--every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920，89.2 in 1930，75.8 in 1936, and 80 in1940.With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predeceors during the Depreion.Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955.在 20 年代，尤其是在 30 年代后的大萧条中，美国经 历了一次出生率的下降--1920 年每千名年龄在 15 岁至 45 岁的妇女生下大约 118 个存活婴儿，1930 年 89.2 个，1936 年 75.8 个，1940 年 80 个。随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来 的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人更早地结婚成家，而且比前辈养育更大的家庭。1946 年出生率上升到 102%，1950 年达 106%，1955 年达 118%。

Although economics was probably the most important

determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.对于生育高峰，经济有可能是最重要的决定因素，但它并不是唯一的解释。不断受到重视的家庭观念也有助于解释 出生率的上升。

The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid 1940's and became a flood by 1950.The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed.While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even le prepared to cope with the flood.The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945.Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of

teachers left their profeion for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.到 40 年代中期为止，这些生育高峰出生的孩子们开始源源不断地进入小学 一年级。到了 1950 年，就形成了一股洪流。公共教育系统突然感到不堪重负了。由于战 时和战后的状况，使得学龄儿童人数增加，这些状况使得学校面对这股洪流更加措手不及。战时经济意味着在 1940 年到 1950 年间几乎没有建立新学校。而且，在战时和随后的经济 增长时期，大量的教师离开岗位去别处从事报酬更为优厚的工作。

Therefore in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system.Consequently, the “custodial rhetoric”of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.因此，在五六十年代，生育高峰冲击着陈旧而不完备的学校体系。这样一来，30 年代以及 40 年代早期，“监护理 论”就不再有意义了。也就是说，通过使 16 岁以上的年轻人留在学校不进入劳动力市场的 做法再也不是教育机构的优先考虑了。因找到场地和教师来教育那些更 小的 5-16 岁的孩子。随着生育高峰，教育者和圈外人士对教育的兴趣和焦点，不可避免地 转向了更低的年级和基础的学术技能和学科上。这个系统不再有浓厚的兴趣给较年长的年 轻人提供非传统的新式的和额外的服务。

短翻译

（四）Sleep is part of a person’s daily activity cycle.There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles.睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分。人的睡眠分几个阶段，而这些阶段也是循环发生的。

If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows.When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, you temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular.Your brain waves slow and become quite regular.Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 1 sleep.For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.The lower your stage of sleep.slower your brain waves will be.Then about 40to 69 minutes after you lose consciousne you will have reached the deepest sleep of all.Your brain will show the large slow

waves that are known as the delta rhythm.This is stage 4 sleep.如果你是一个正常的睡眠者，你的睡眠循环会这样进行。在你开始昏昏入睡时，你的眼睛会滚动几下，体温略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸变得缓慢而有节奏。除了开始几分钟比较快的α节奏外，脑电波也稍有减缓。这被称为第一阶段睡眠。在随后约半小时内，你进一步放松，进入第二和第三阶段睡眠。睡眠越深入，脑电波就越缓慢。大约在开始睡眠后的40到60分钟，你将进入沉睡状态。这时的脑电波表现为巨大的缓波，被称为δ节奏。这就是第四阶段睡眠。You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly.The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves.Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you.This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep.It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more.Your breathing will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep----only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousne some 80 minutes later.但你并不是整夜都保持这种沉睡状态。入睡后约80分钟左右，你的大脑运动水平会再度略有提高。δ节奏消失，并被脑电波的运动图形取代。你的眼睛会

在 闭着的眼睑下迅速转动，就好象你在看着眼前发生的什么事情。这种迅速的眼球运动持续约8～15分钟，这一阶段睡眠被称之为快速眼动(REM)睡眠。在 REM睡眠阶段，你的肢体会很快再度放松，呼吸也再次放慢并变得有节奏，你会轻松地从第一阶段滑入第四阶段睡眠-直到大约80分钟后重新接近清醒状态。短文翻译

（五）Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning.细胞只能在一定的温度范围内存活，而进一步保证它们有效工作的温度范围就更小了。

Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37℃;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning.Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired.Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.哺乳动物和鸟类的酶系统只能在37℃左右的很小范围内才能有效工作。与此相差仅几度的温度都会大大削弱它们的工作效率。尽管温度变化更大时细胞仍能存活，但机体系统的整体运行能力却被削弱了。其它动物对体温的变化有更强的适应性。

For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body

temperature.Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but

popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm blooded” and “cold blooded” species;warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded.As more species were studied, it became evident that this claification was inadequate.A fence lizard or a desertiguana--each cold-blooded--usually has a body

temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold.几个世纪以来，人们就认识到哺乳动物和鸟类调节体温的方式与其它动物不同。随着时间的推移，人们对这种差异的描述越来越精确和有意义，但是―暖血动物‖和―冷血动物‖这一古老的分类方式至今仍在大众词汇中有所反映。暖血动物包括哺乳动物和鸟类，其它动物统统被视为冷血动物。但是对更多物种进行的研究表明这种分类显然是不适当的。美洲一种小型蜥蜴和沙漠鬣蜥同属冷血动物，但实际上它们的体温通常只比人类的体温低1-2度，因此并不是真正的冷血。

Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homeotherms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms.But this claification also proved

inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation.Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience changes in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.因此又出现了恒温动物（即保持恒定体温的动物）和变温动物（即体温随外界环境的变化而改变的动物）这一区分方式。但这种分类也不恰当。因为有不少哺乳动物在冬眠期间会改变体温，而许多生活在深海的无脊椎动物在寒冷的深海水域中体温并不变化，而是恒定的。

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（六）Bacteria are extremely small living things.While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns.One micron is a thousandth of a

millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter acro.Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while

rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter.Thus if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead.An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers)tall.细菌细菌是极其微小的生物体。我们用英寸或厘米来测量自己的大小，而测量细菌却 要用微米。一微米等于千分之一毫米。针头直径大约一毫米。棒状细菌通常有 2～4 微米 长，而圆形细菌的直径一般只有 1 微米。因此，即使你把一个圆形细菌放大 1000 倍，它也 不过一个针头那么大。可是如果把一个成年人放大 1000 倍，就会变成 1 英里(或 1.6 公里)多高。

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria.Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots.One cannot make out anything of their structure.Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella.Others have only one flagellum.The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.用一般的显微镜观察细菌时，你必须仔细观察才能看见它们。使用 100 倍的显微镜 时，你会发现细菌不过是隐约可见的小细棒或小点点，而它们的结构你却根本看不出来。使用特殊的着色剂后，你会发现有的细菌上长着不少波状的“毛发”即鞭毛，而有的细菌只有一 根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋转可以推动细菌在水中行进。不少细菌没有鞭毛，因而不能自己行进。还有些细菌却能通过某些鲜为人知的机制沿物体表面滑动。

From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans.To a bacterium water is as thick as molaes is to us.Bacteria are so small that they are

influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them.Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no

flagella, often bounce about in the water.This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that.Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones;even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.我们所熟知的世界在细菌眼中完全是另一个样子。对于细菌来说，水就同糖浆之于人类一样稠密。细菌是如此的微小，周围化学分子的一举一动都会对它们产生影响。在显微镜下，细菌，甚至包括那些没有鞭毛的细菌，经常在水中跳来跳去。这是因为它们与水分子相撞后，被弹向各个方向。分子移动很迅速，仅0.1 秒之隔，一个细菌周围的分子就会完全更新。因此，即使是没有鞭毛的细菌也暴露在一个不断变化的环境中。短文翻译

（七）I have been very fortunate to travel extensively throughout the world while still young.I have visited most of the continental United States.I also traveled abroad to many countries.I

wouldn’t trade my experiences for the world, and I still have so many countries yet to visit.Based on my experience, I

recommend every young person get out of their hometown and see what’s out there.我很幸运，依然年轻的我已到过世界的很多地方。我曾游历过美国的大部分内陆地区。我也在国外许多国家旅行。我在西印度群岛的格林纳达度过了几年时光。我不想说走遍了世界，因为前面还有许多国家在向我招手。基于个人经验，我建议年轻人走出家门，去看看外面的世界。

Traveling changes the way you relate to the world.When you travel to other countries and see the amazing beauty of sunsets over seas, eagles riding mountain currents, monkeys

swinging through rain forests, grizzlies catching salmon in the rapids, majestic waterfalls spilling off vertical drops, and volcanoes smoking under their fiery breath, you realize the world is full of more beauty that you are capable of seeing in a lifetime.But, you still have the intense paion to try.旅行改变你与世界的联系方式。当你领略异域风情，看到海上日落、山鹰盘旋、猴子穿梭雨林，灰熊激流抓鲑鱼，高涯飞瀑，火山喷发后烟雾迷离的惊世之美时，你知道世上有着你一生览不尽的美景，但是，你仍然充满激情。

If you don’t see this when you are younger, you have le desire to venture out when you are older and have job and

family constraints in play.If I didn’t know what I was miing, I would have le of a desire to put the effort into taking the time to travel.You also develop a deeper sense of obligation to save our planet’s beauty for the coming generations.After all, you’ve seen it firsthand, and it’s worth saving!

如果年轻时不出去看看，等年龄大一些，有了工作，再加上家庭的约束，就更没有冒险的渴望了。如果不知道我在错过什么，我就不会有想方设法抽出时间去旅行的强烈渴望。与此同时，为子孙后代保护地球之美的更深切的责任感油然而生。你亲眼见证了地球之美，子孙后代也应该享受到这种盛景。

I think a lot of young people put off traveling because they want to be responsible, work hard, get married, have kids, and build up a life.However, I think it’s a mistake to put off traveling in exchange for the belief that you can do it when you retire and have more time.While I certainly plan to continue to travel after I retire, I also realize I am notguaranteed old age.If something happens and I don’t live to see my forties, fifties, or sixties, I will have no regrets.I have experienced the world to the best of my ability by taking every opportunity presented to me to see all of this gorgeous planet that I can.我想许多年轻人因为担负责任、努力工作、结婚生子、开创美好生活，所以推迟着旅行计划。但我觉得退休后或时间富余时再旅行的想法是错误的。我有退休后继续旅行的计划，但同时也知道生命可能随时终止。如果事情发生了，没活到40岁、50岁或60岁，我不后悔。因为我珍惜呈现在面前的每一次机会，尽我所能地溶入这个世界，尽情饱览地球的美丽。短文翻译

（八）Unfortunately, the area I grew up in didn’t have much diversity.Everyone looked and acted basically the same.When I traveled, I learned about other cultures.I realized that my life could be

enriched by developing friendships with people who didn’t look or act like me.很遗憾，我生长的地方缺乏多样性，每个人的长相以及他们的行为方式基本相同。旅行时，我知道其他文化的存在。我意识到，与那些长相或行为方式和我的不同的人发展友谊，可以丰富我的人生。Far from my hometown, I developed friendships with people who were nothing like me, but were exactly what I needed.This taught me to embrace, not fear, experiences and relationships that were outside my comfort zone.It also taught me the importance of communication skills.Let’s just say I paid a lot better attention during college Spanish cla after visiting Mexico, and perked up in French cla after my time in France and Africa.在远方，和与我完全不同却正是我需要的人成了朋友。我从中学会了拥抱而不是惧怕舒适区以外的体验与友情，我还懂得了沟通能力的重要性。我想说的是，墨西哥归来的我在大学里更努力地学习西班牙语，法国和非洲归来的我投入更大的热情学习法语。

the older I become, the more I realize I actually know very little about life.It seems the confidence of knowing it all is usually graced upon the young.However, the sooner that bubble bursts, the better;at least in my case.Traveling sometimes puts you in tough situations.You see that the world is so much bigger than your perspective on it.You soon realize the world doesn’t revolve around you.You learn that you really weren’t the big fish in the ocean, but just a tiny minnow in a pothole.随着年龄的增长，我越发意识到我对生活知之甚少。似乎年轻人有着无所不知的自信，而这种自信越早打破越好，至少在我如此。旅行时而将你带入困境。你知道，世界比你的想像要广阔得多。你很快会意识到世界不是以你为中心，你不过是水坑里的一条小米诺鱼，而不是大海里的一条大鱼。

Now, that doesn’t mean you aren’t still important, but it does change your perspective to be more open to learning from other people and situations vs lecturing and bestowing your vast

wisdom to those lucky enough to be in earshot.Traveling teaches you to let go of the perceived concept of control.You learn that it’s a big enough challenge to just control yourself, and learn to give up trying to do so for the rest of the planet.并不是说你不重要，而是旅行的确开阔视野，让你乐于从他人或身外的环境中获取知识，而不是向那些有幸倾听你的人讲述你的无穷智慧并赐予他们知识。旅行教你不固守已感知到的控制理念。控制自己就已是巨大的挑战，不要为试图控制周围的事物作徒劳努力。短文翻译

（九）There are over 6,000 languages in the world.Some are more important than others, not better or more advanced, just more important.Why? Because they are spoken by more people, in more countries.That does not mean that Finnish is not important to the Finns, and Maori is not important to the Maoris.It is just that these languages are not so important to the rest of us。世界上有6000多种语言。其中一些比另一些更重要，但并不意味着这些语言更好或者更先进，只是更重要。为什么呢？因为这些语言的使用者更多，使用范围更广。并不是说芬兰语对于芬兰人不重要，或者毛利语对于毛利人不重要。只是说这些语言对于我们其余的人来说没有那么重要。

On the other hand, Mandarin Chinese is spoken by over one billion people.Chinese origin words account for 60% of Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese vocabulary.Knowing Chinese will help you learn these languages too.It helped me.Chinese culture has influenced the world for thousands of years with its art,philosophy, technology, food, medicine and performing arts.Today China’s economy is booming.Chinese seems well worth learning。

另一方面，中文普通话有10亿多的使用者。汉语起源的词语占到了日语、韩语和越南语词汇的60%之多。懂中文也将会有助于你学习这些语言。它就帮助了我。几千年来中国文化一直在艺术、哲学、技术、饮食、医药和表演艺术方面影响着世界。今天中国的经济正在迅猛发展，中文似乎很值得去学习。

Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese are eentially

dialects of the same language.If you learn one, you can learn the others.I did.If you learn Spanish, you open the door to the culture, music, history and poible busine dealings with 800 million people in 60 countries, including the US and Canada。西班牙语、法语、意大利语和葡萄牙语从本质上说是同一种语言的不同方言。如果你学会了一种，你也可以学会其他几种。我就是这样。如果你掌握了西班牙语，它就为你打开了一扇门，你可以接触到和8亿人相关的文化、音乐、历史，可能还有商务，这8亿人来自60个国家，其中包括美国和加拿大。

But hold it here!Before getting carried away, let’s look at the present situation of language teaching.According to one

Canadian survey, after 12 years of daily French claes, only one high school graduate out of 147(0.68%)achieved ―intermediate‖ proficiency.Another survey of immigrants learning English in the US showed that “claroom instructional hours” had little impact on progre。

但是先等一等！在头脑发热之前，我们先来看看语言教学的现状。根据加拿大的一项调查，在上了12年日常法语课后，147所高中里只有1所高中(0.68%)的毕业生可以达到“中等”流利程度。另外一项在美国的移民学习英语的调查表明，“课堂教学时间”对语言的进步作用甚微。

As a speaker of 10 languages I know the benefits of

speaking more than one language.We simply have to change the way we go about teaching languages.To start with we need to dispel seven common misconceptions about language learning。

作为一个掌握了10门语言的人，我知道会说多种语言的好处。我们只是需要改变语言教学的方法。首先我们必须消除关于语言学习的7个普遍的误解。短文翻译

（十）Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.领袖和跟风者的区别就在于创新。

Innovation has no limits.The only limit is your imagination.It's time for you to begin thinking out of the box.If you are involved in a growing industry, think of ways to become more efficient;more customer friendly;and easier to do busine with.If you are involved in a shrinking industry – get out of it quick and

change before you become obsolete;out of work;or out of busine.And remember that procrastination is not an option here.Start innovating now!

创新无极限！只要敢想，没有什么不可能，立即跳出思维的框框吧。如果你正处于一个上升的朝阳行业，那么尝试去寻找更有效的解决方案：更招消费者喜爱、更简洁的商业模式。如果你处于一个日渐萎缩的行业，那么赶紧在自己变得跟不上时代之前抽身而出，去换个工作或者转换行业。不要拖延，立刻开始创新！

There is no shortcut to excellence.You will have to make the commitment to make excellence your priority.Use your talents, abilities, and skills in the best way poible and get ahead of others by giving that little extra.Live by a higher standard and pay attention to the details that really do make the difference.Excellence is not difficultand you will be amazed with what life gives you back.成功没有捷径。你必须把卓越转变成你身上的一个特质。最大限度地发挥你的天赋、才能、技巧，把其他所有人甩在你后面。高标准严格自己，把注意力集中在那些将会改变一切的细节上。变得卓越并不艰难——从现在开始尽自己最大能力去做——你会发现生活将给你惊人的回报。

The only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven't found it yet, keep looking.Don't settle.As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.成就一番伟业的唯一途径就是热爱自己的事业。如果你还没能找到让自己热爱的事业，继续寻找，不要放弃。跟随自己的心，总有一天你会找到的。

I've got it down to four words: “Do what you love.” Seek out an occupation that gives you a sense of meaning, direction and satisfaction in life.Having a sense of purpose and striving

towards goals gives life meaning, direction and satisfaction.It not only contributes to health and longevity, but also makes you feel better in difficult times.Do you jump out of bed on Monday

mornings and look forward to the work week? If the answer is 'no', keep looking, you'll know when you find it.我把这段话浓缩为：“做我所爱”。去寻找一个能给你的生命带来意义、价值和让你感觉充实的事业。拥有使命感和目标感才能给生命带来意义、价值和充实。这不仅对你的健康和寿命有益处，而且即使在你处于困境的时候你也会感觉良好。在每周一的早上，你能不能利索的爬起来并且对工作日充满期待？如果不能，那么你得重新去寻找。你会感觉得到你是不是真的找到了。