GIS专业英语课程复习个人总结_gis空间分析复习总结

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简答题：10*2 GIS:in the broadest poible terms ,geographic information systems are tools that allow for the proceibg of spatial data into information ,tied explicitly to ,and used to make decision about ,some portion of the earth.Subsystem:A data input subsystem that collects and preprocees spatial data from various sources.this subsystem is also largely responsible for the the transformation of different types of spatial data.A data storage and retrieval subsystem that organizes the spatial data in a manner that allows retrieval ,updating ,and editing.A data manipulation and analysis subsystem that performs tasks on the data ,aggregates and disaggregates , estimates parameters and constrains , and performs mideling functions.A reporting subsystem that displays all or part of the database in tabular, graphic ,or map form.汉译英：Traditionally spatial data has been stored and presented in the form of a map 传统上空间数据以地图的形存储和表达。Three basic types of spatial data models have evolved for storing geographic data digitally.三种基本类型的空间数据模型演变为数字地理数据存储

These are referred to as:vector;raster;image 这三种指的是矢量、栅格、影像 All spatial data models are approaches for storing the spatial location of geographic features in a database.所有的空间数据模型都是为了把地理要素的空间位置存储在一个数据库中的方法。Vector storage implies the use of vectors to represent a geographic feature.矢量存储表示用很多矢量来表示地理要素

Vector data is characterized by the use of sequential points or vertices to define a linear segment.矢量数据的特点是通过使用顺序点或者顶点来定义一个线段。

Each vertex consists of an x coordlinate and a y coordinate.每个顶点有一个x/y坐标组成。

词汇互译：2*10

Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue 地物和属性编码目录 空间数据转换标准

Spatial Data Transfer Standardfeature attribute table 特征属性表 Cau-kruger map projection高斯克吕格地图投影 geocartography 地理制

图 geo-referenced information system 地理参考信息系统

full-resolution picture 全精度影（图）象，高分辨率影（图）

象 Geo Based Information System 基于地学的信息系统 Geomatique:地理信息技术

Integrated Geographical information system综合地理信息系统

Geoscience or geological information system地球科学或地质信息系统 四叉树结构quadtree structure

拓扑编码技术Topology coding technique Mercator transverse；横轴莫卡托投影Universal transverse Mercator；通用横莫卡托投影 Reference globe；参考椭球体 Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等积方位投影Computer-aided drafting；计算机辅助制图Neighbouring polygon相邻多边形Standard parallel；标准纬线Equivalent projection；等积投影Equidistant projection；等距投影

fully digital mapping 全数字化制图 geometric rectification 几何校正geometric registration 几何配准Global Positioning System(GPS)全球定位系统graphic input unit 图形输入设备integrated data base 集成数据库Integrated Geographical Information System 集成化地理信息系统

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