最全的采矿工程专业英语词汇总结_采矿工程专业英语词汇

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Chapter 3.1 Mining method

mining method 采矿方法； mining operation 采矿作业；

transportation 运输； ventilation 通风；

ground control 顶板管理；

the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本； recovery 回采率；

subside v.subsidence n.地表沉陷； subsidence control 地表沉陷控制 cover 覆盖层；

overburden 上覆地层； immediate roof 直接顶； floor 底板；

dip（Pitch）倾角； hardne 硬度； strength 强度； cleavage 解理；

gas，methane 瓦斯

daily operation 日常工作 single operation 单一工序

unit operation 单元作业 auxiliary operation辅助作业 cutting n.切割，掏槽； blasting n.爆破 loading n.装煤 haul v.运输，搬运 drainage n.排水

power n.动力 power Supply 动力供应 communication n.通讯

Chapter 3.2 Mine Preplanning

Hercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神--> Herculean, adj.力气极大的；需要大力气的。herculean effort 巨大的努力 inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。

lighting n.照明。

disruption in production 停产； reduction in production 减产； compromise 折衷

room and pillar 房柱式 by far 到目前为止

in common with … 和…一样 underground mining 井工开采 outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层； crocut 联络巷、石门； drift 平硐； entry 平巷；

development stage 开拓阶段； production stage 生产阶段； face 工作面。

continuous miner 连续采煤机； haulage capacity 运输能力； main entry 主巷。

barrier pillar 隔离煤柱； butt entry 区段平巷；

property line 矿井边界线。shearer 滚筒采煤机 planer，Plow 刨煤机 surface mining 露天开采 auger mining 螺旋钻开采 rapid excavation

快速掘进

hydraulic mining

水力采矿

underground gasification 地下气化

ocean mining

海洋采矿

transportation facility 运输设备

inflationary adj.通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的

drive into 掘进到… be faced with 面临

monumental adj.[用以加强语气]非常的, 极端的

electromechanical adj.机电的  electro(电子的)+mechanical(机械的)electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业

staff v.雇用，聘用 season v 适用，适应

coordinate n.坐标。v.（使）互相配合，（使）协调，调整。

a multitude（n.多数，多量）of 大量 capital investment 基本建设投资。foremost 最主要的，最重要的，1Billion = 1，000，000，000 即10亿。Mt metric ton 公吨。

453.5Mt = 500 million tons 0.907Mt = 1 million ton put into operation 投产，投入使用 raise 筹集

the life of the property 矿产/井的使用年限。

commercial value 市场价值，商业价值。for convenience 为了方便其见 minability 可采性

marketability 适销性，可销性 coal reserve 煤矿

nominal，名义上的,极小的。option 买卖选择权,优先购买权 enter upon 开始

preliminary examination 初步调查 operating mine 生产矿井

to the extent that 达到这种程度以致...；就...来说；在...方面来说； adjacent to 邻近的surface topography 地面地形，表面地形

coalfield 煤田 measure 层组

coal-bearing measure含煤地层 feature 特征；地貌。

structural feature 构造特征

surface improvement 地面上的改造 tilled area 耕地 reservoir 水库

power line 电力线，输电线

reservation n.保留地；自然保护区 on record n.留有记录的,记录在案的 preferred 优先〔选用〕的，首选的 traverse 导线。

traverse with compa 罗盘定位。system surveying 系统测量 sampling 采样

have a bearing on 对…有影响，与...有关 available 有效的，可用的 pricing schedule 定价方案 preparation treatment 洗选加工 selective adj.有选择性的,选择的a master plan of operation 总体生产计划。serve as 用作，作为，起到…作用。basis 基础，根据，依据 since 引导原因状语从句

justify 调整，证明，证明…是正确的，prospecting 勘探

drilling pattern 钻孔布置，钻孔图式 basic map 底图，基本地图 log sheet 钻孔柱状图 tabular adj.

operating management经营管理部门，经营管理

life expectancy 预期使用年限，使用寿命 delivery of supplies 材料供应 estimate of the cost 成本估计 sales department 销售部门

Chapter 3.3 Mine development

portal 井筒

expected life of the mine 矿井的设计使用年限 rail haulage 轨道运输 as well as 即…又…

be of ＋n.具有…（性质）drift 平硐

shaft 立井，竖井 slope 斜井

main shaft主立井 auxiliary shaft 副立井 air shaft风井

transfer house 中转煤仓 headframe 井架

hoist house 提升机房，绞车房 skip 箕斗 cage 罐笼

car dump 卸煤设备 storage bin 井底煤仓 deplete 耗尽、衰竭

whether…or…是…还是… preure drop 压降

net effect 净效应，有效效应，实际结果 capital cost 基建费用

Chapter 4.1 Walling system introduction

working face 工作面 coalface：采煤工作面 interconnection：切眼 panel entry：区段平巷 gate entry：工作面顺槽

head gate：区段皮带巷，运输巷 tail gate：区段轨道巷，回风巷

headentry：工作面运输巷（下顺槽）

tailentry：工作面回风巷（上顺槽）bleeder entry：区段回风巷 cro-cut：联络巷 gob, goaf：采空区 end：端头

Longwall mining 长壁采矿法 Shortwall mining 短壁采矿法 pillar system.柱式系统 longwall mining on strike 走向长壁采煤方法

mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前进式采煤方法

mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法

inclined longwall mining 倾斜长壁开采 underhand mining 俯采 overhand mining 仰采

Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机；

Shearer，滚筒采煤机

Plow，planer 刨煤机

Face conveyor 工作面运输机

Pan line,”溜子”

Chain conveyor 链式运输机

Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机

Armored chain conveyor 铠装运输机 Roof support system：顶板支护系统

Friction props：摩擦支柱

Friction metal props：摩擦支柱

Hydraulic prop：液压支柱

Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱

Hydraulic powered self-advanced support：液压自移式支架

roof support 顶板支架 stage loader：转载机

panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运输机 electrical control 电力控制装置/设备 hydraulic pump 液压泵站

blast mining technology 爆破采煤工艺 conventionally mechanized mining technology 普通机械化采煤

fully mechanized mining technology 综合机械化采煤

fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 综采放顶煤方法

Chapter 4.2 Ground control

工作面周围地层：

Overlying strata 上覆地层： Main roof 老顶，基本顶 Immediate roof 直接顶

Gob采空区--Face—rib（煤壁）Floor 底板

Underlying strata下伏地层

Ground control顶板处理方式：（1）Caving；（2）Pack。

Stable 切口，机窝

dead work 准备工作，非生产性工作。Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运输机 No exception 无一例外

regular maintenance n.日常修理,定期检修 Downtime 停工期(由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间),停工时间,停机时间

Clearance 空隙

Immediate area of the face：工作面的直接区域

Rib line 煤壁线，腰线 heading 掘进头，平巷 up to dip 沿倾斜上行

Compreion strength 压缩强度 Underlying strata 下伏地层 bed separation 离层 On strike 沿走向 Rad ＝ radian，弧度 Cleat 解理

Hold true 有效，适用

Half butt cutting 半垂直切割 Angle of attack 冲角

virgin conditions 原始条件； Harder roof strata Softer coal seam――uniformly distributed stre，the overburden weight Harder floor strata induced by mining 采动引起的 Stre distribution 应力分布

Deflect 偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂 Cave in 冒顶，垮落

Front abutment preure 前方支承压力 Side abutment preure 侧向支承压力 Rear abutment preure 后方支承压力前方支承压力：分布范围：

150m first felt/occur出现，有反应，有感应；

45－60m pick up slightly略有增长，略有加速；

15－21m increase rapidly迅速增长；

1.5-5m支承压力峰值 peak abutment preure magnitude of the peak abutment preure峰值大小：1.5-5 overburdern weight

后方压力：vertical preure

face area：far below the cover load gob area：gradually increase at last：the cover load

范围：0.3-0.4 the overburden thickne.No abutment preure Side abutment

First felt：At the same time as the front abutment preure

范围：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 h

largest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from rib

position of peak preure：0.015h

Magnitude depend on the thickne and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.Gob area 采空区

稳定--slip, sag, separate--cave in Face area 工作面区

Support the immediate roof Solid coal 实体煤

Chapter 4.3 Roof support system

Face-to-gob distance 控顶距，工作面到采空区的距离。

Yield preure 屈服压力 support resistance 支架阻力 Face-to-tip distance 端面距 Precut 预切割 Frames 节式支架 Stroke 行程

Chock support 垛式支架

Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶

Web cut 截深

Shields 掩护式支架 Double link 双键

Lemniscate 双纽线，四联杆

Roof canopy 顶梁

Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架 leg，prop 立柱

canopy 顶梁

forward canopy 前梁

rear canopy 尾梁

caving shield 掩护梁

flipper，spauling shield 护帮板

slider, jack board 插板

ram，cylinder，jack 千斤顶

hose 油管

emulsion 乳化液

valve 阀

support yielding 支架卸载

Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine

miner，mining machine 采煤机

continuous miner 连续采煤机

shearer 滚筒采煤机

motor 电动机、马达

electric motor 电机

haulage gearcase 牵引部

gearhead 传动部

cutter drum gearcase 滚筒截割部

bedplate 底盘、底座

control unit 控制装置

chain 链条

reducing gear box 减速箱

pillboard 挡煤板

cowl 挡煤板

bit 截齿

drum 滚筒

ranging-arm 摇臂

gear 齿轮

track 轨道

gear track 齿轨

gearcase

n.齿轮箱 Rotor 转子

Chapter 4.5 Conveying system

flexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可弯曲刮板输送机

main components 主要部件 drive head机头部

electric motor电动机

Hydraulic coupling液力联轴器 speed reducer减速器

chain wheel / sprocket链轮

drive head frame机头架

middle sections中间部

line pan溜槽

flight / scraper刮板

link chain刮板链 endle chain无极链

机尾部 tail end 机尾架 Drive end frame 链轮 sprocket 附属装置 auxiliary drives/units 挡煤板 spillboard / spill plate(cowl 罩，外壳)

铲煤板 ramp plate 千斤顶 jack

chain drive链式传动：

claification according to chain arrangement

双边链 double strand outboard chain 三链 triple strand chain 单中链 single middle chain 双中链 double middle chain 新型刮板输送机

侧卸式 side-loading fight conveyor 垂直转弯式 roller-curve fight conveyor 转载机Transfer conveyor

A short heavy flexible flight conveyor 桥式转载机（bridge）stage loader 区段皮带输送机 Main components 皮带 belt

托辊 roller 支撑托辊 supporting roller 机架 frame 传动装置 drive unit 电动机 electric motor 联轴器 coupling 减速器 speed reducer 滚筒 drum ① 卸载滚筒 unloaded drum ② 机尾导向滚筒 tail guide drum ③ 拉紧滚筒 take-up drum ④ 机尾导向滚筒guide drum 拉紧装置 take-up units 制动装置Braking devices 采区运输系统：上山 rise 下山 dip Dip angle ≤15° belt conveyor 15°＜Dip angle≤25° chain conveyor Dip angle＞25° ceramic conveyor 水平运输系统

水平运输大巷 horizontal haulage entry belt conveyor 矿车 trolley wagons 机车 locomotive 电力机车 trolley locomotive 蓄电池机车 battery locomotive 矿车 wagon 固定箱式矿车Fixed box wagon Tipping bucket wagon Front unloading wagon

底卸式矿车Bottom-dump wagon 立井提升系统

矿井提升系统Mine hoist system 提升机Engine hoist 钢丝绳 wire rope 天轮 head sheave（n.滑轮）

Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system

箕斗 skip

辅助运输 auxiliary transportation

Transportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、设备、矸石、人员

副井Auxiliary shaft Similar to main shaft

罐笼Cage――hoist container 斜井Slope

In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endle rope hoist.While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle.The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope.水平运输大巷 horizontal haulage entry Electric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.采区上下山 district rise and dip 1）有极绳提升Direct rope hoist dip angle：8-22

钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连，通过绞车（winch）放出和收回。

2）无极绳提升Endle rope hoist dip angle：≤10 区段运输

Tail entry：wagons ＋ wire rope Overhead monorail 单轨吊

Overhead endle rope hoist Transfer conveyor 转载运输机 Stage loader 桥式转载机

Roller curve conveyor 滚轴转弯运输机

风机：Ventilation fan 回风井：Return shaft 进风井：Intake shaft Working face Intake working 回风巷道：Return roadway 新鲜风：Fresh air Air flow 乏风：Dirty air 回风系统：

抽出式通风：Exhaust ventilation 负压 negative preure 压入式通风：Forced ventilation 正压 Positive preure 风机类型：

离心式风机：Centrifugal fan；轴流式风机：Axial flow fan。通风设施：Ventilating structures 风墙：Ventilation wall 风门：Air door 风桥：Air bridge

Air regulator

防尘、灭尘：Dust suppreion water spray 洒水，mist spray 喷雾

固定滚筒双向截割采煤机 fixed-drum bi-directional shearer

单滚筒可调高采煤机 single-drum ranging-arm shearer

双滚筒可调高采煤机 double-dram ranging-arm shearer 矿井瓦斯：mine gas

瓦斯：gas，methane，firedamp

All hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4.Colorle, odorle, nonpoisonous, Combustible.Its density is le than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof.Gas/methane control瓦斯控制 Gay mine 高瓦斯矿井

Chapter 5 Pillar system

Two distinct phases of operation：

First rooms and pillars are developed in a section.The second is mining pillars.Two basic mining methods: Conventional mining method.普通采煤方法

Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deep Drilling 钻眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading.Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆

Loading 装煤 shuttle carsection belt conveyor.Two shuttle cars are used.roof bolting 顶板锚杆支护

为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力，至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道。

由于生产环节多、分散，逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。

Continuous mining method.连续采煤方法 I continuous miner ＋ shuttle car 连续采煤机＋梭车工艺

＋ section belt conveyor ＋ roof bolting

间断运输工艺 II continuous miner ＋(intermediate)conveyors 连续采煤机＋输送机工艺＋ section belt conveyor ＋ roof bolting 连续的运输工艺

Pillar recovery 回收煤柱

There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method.open-end method 开端式

pocket and wing method 袋翼式 splitting 劈柱式

pillarblockslifts/slices 煤柱――块――切块

Coal property 煤矿 Area 盘区

Set of entries 巷道群 Engineer vt.设计

Slough 脱落，剥落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍

Crush 压碎

A function of 是…的函数，随…而变。Relative strength 相对强度 Clearance 净空 Block of coal Room work Cutting consequence 切割顺序 Face mining cycle 工作面开采循环

Mining practice 开采

Colloquial [ kE5lEukwiEl ] adj.口语的, 通俗的Dictate 规定，制定 Outline 形成…轮廓 Incorporate … as …

Ample 充足的，丰富的 solid work

chain pillar 巷道煤柱 leen 减少，减轻 lift 小煤块、slice 切块

physical condition n.实际条件 post 柱子，支柱 stump 煤柱 slab 平板

fender 煤柱，窄煤柱 hand loading 人工装载 common practice 惯例

concurrently n.同时发生地,并行地 in place 就地，原地；在地层内 ride over 骑马来，跨在…上

masonry n.砖石工程,砖石建筑砌筑。Masonry stopping 砌筑风墙 Canvas stopping 帆布风帘 Line Brattice 纵向风障 Loading station 装车点

Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and supportRoadway section巷道断面掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate 平巷掘进Drifting

巷道掘进 roadway excavation 平巷掘进 n.drifting 沉井，凿井 n.sinking 上山掘进 n.raising 下山掘进 n.1）The shape of roadway section断面形状

巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。

The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions，the serving life and supporting materials.井筒Shaft , circular 大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 顺槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 2）The size of roadway section断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。

The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。

It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.净宽，net width；净高 net height；净断面面积 net section area。2 Roadway excavation in rocks岩巷掘进炮掘，爆破掘进：blasting excavation 装岩，除渣：mucking 掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。

The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破岩

打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。

Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at present.（1）drilling Drill n.钻机

气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg 气腿式钻机Air-jack leg drill 架式钻机Drifter

钻车，凿岩台车 Jumbo, drill carriage 湿式钻进 Wet drilling 干式钻进 Dry drilling 钻孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸药：Explosive 装药：Load explosive in the borehole, charge 起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；电雷管：electric detonator 炮眼布置方式：drilling pattern 掏槽眼：cut hole 辅助眼：auxiliary hole 周边眼：trim hole 顶眼：roof hole 帮眼：flank hole 底眼：Bottom hole 起爆顺序：firing sequence Cutauxiliaryroof & flankbottom The type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing.采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。

A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘进面通风 Fan 风机 Air pipe 风筒

3）loading and haulage 装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovel mucker 耙斗装岩机Scraper mucker

机车＋矿车Locomotive ＋ wagons 4）support 支护Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘进

1）conventional excavation of coal drift 传统的煤层平巷掘进法 Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式电钻：handheld electric drill loading: hand loading 人工装煤

scraper mucker：耙斗装煤机 coal loader：装煤机

扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms 刮板输送机：1 scraper conveyor 2）综掘 fully mechanized excavation（1）gateway machine 平巷掘进机组成：掘进头，（boom）cutterhead，cutting head 装煤装置：loading mechanism 扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm 刮板输送机：scraper conveyor haulage：

皮带输送机：belt stage-loader mechanism 履带行走装置：crawler travel mechanism 支撑千斤顶：supporting cylinders，用来固定机器 other cylinders，control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box 操作：

操作时，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机。

然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业。

操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距离（切割头的直径），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。

执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面。

平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。

Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cro section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 连续采煤机 roof bolter 锚杆安装机，锚杆机。

The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器，它是用胶轮行走的。4 Roadway supporting 巷道支护永久性支护：permanent support 临时性支柱：temporary support 刚性支护：rigid support 柔性支护：yieldable support 主动支护：active support 被动支护：negetive support 类型：

（1）木支架：timber support 梯形巷道：basic form：1 beam ＋ 2 posts 基本形式：一梁二柱

（2）钢支架：steel rib support 梯形巷道：1 beam ＋ 2 posts，工字钢：I-steel 拱形巷道：U-steel arch yieldable support U形刚拱形可缩型支架

（3）块石或混凝土砌碹：stone or concrete lining 直墙拱形：straight-sided arch（4）锚杆支护bolting support Enhance the self-supporting capability of surrounding rock.提高了围岩的自承能力。喷射混凝土：shotcreting 锚喷：bolting and shotcreting 锚网：bolting and metal mesh 锚索：anchored cable 锚注：bolting and injecting The length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall drifting-operation cycle.岩石开挖后无支护而且安全的时间长度，即拱桥作用的时间，对于整个平巷掘进工艺循环有着很大的影响。

In some cases, no support is needed.In others, close support, or support ahead of the last set, is required.在一些情况下，不需要进行巷道支护。

其它的情况，需要及时支护，或者超前最后一个支架进行支护。超前支护：Advancing support 导管：Pipe spilling

Chapter 7 Novel mining methods

Novel mining methods新型采矿方法掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate 巷道掘进 roadway excavation 平巷掘进 n.drifting 沉井，凿井 n.sinking 上山掘进 n.raising Term vt 称为；把…叫做

Warrant n.许可证,保证,理由,执照;vt.向...保证,批准, 使有正当理由 Curiosity n.奇特性,好奇心,珍品 Auger mining 螺旋钻开采法

Leaching 溶浸法；leach vt.过滤 borehole mining 钻井采矿法

oblivion n.遗忘, 湮没

on the verge of 接近于, 濒临于

technology transfer 技术推广,技术转让 R&D 研发，研究和开发 Stoping，回采，采矿法 Sublevel，分段

Commodity n.矿种,矿产

Viability [ 7vaiE5biliti ] n.生存能力, 发育能力

Tie to 依靠，依赖