中考英语重点单词。短语用法大总结_中考英语重点短语总结

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2016年中考英语：重点单词、短语用法大总结(88条)

◆1.cost / take / spend / pay 花费

花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth.= sb spend some time(in)doing sth.= sb spend some time on sth.某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth.= sb pay some money for sth.= sth cost sb.some money.※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人，cost 主语是物。

※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?

The sweater ________ me 90 yuan.= I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater.=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater.He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone.It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day.= He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day.◆2.thanks for为„而感谢

⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party.thanks to 多亏/由于

⑵______ your help.I got good grades.◆3.感叹句 ：多么„ what + 名词

how + 形容词 / 副词

⑴.______ bad weather!⑵.______ hard he works!

⑶.______ fresh vegetables!⑷.______ cute a monkey it is!

◆4.因为、由于 ： because(连词)+从句：(表示原因)

because of(介词短语)+ 名词(短语)= thanks to

⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache.He was late for cla ______ the bad weather.He can’t come _____ he is ill.Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather.※because和 so不能同时连用.◆5.来自 ： be from = come from

⑴ Where are you from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?

⑵ He is from Tibet.= He ______ ______ Tibet.◆6.How often 对频率提问(多久一次)→回答用表示频率的副词或短语

How long 对一段时间提问(多久)→回答用表示一段时间的状语

How soon 对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用 in+时间段

How far 询问多长距离(多长)

⑴-______ have you been collecting the kites ?-For ten years.⑵-______ do you go shopping ?-Sometimes.⑶In two years.⑷-_____ do you exercise ?About ten miles.⑹-_____ are you staying there ?______.I’ll do it right away.⑶-Don’t eat in cla.How long can I ______ the book ?

-You can _____ it for two weeks.※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be

leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on

die — be dead return — be back

① become He has ______ a doctor.He has ______ a doctor for 10 years.② begin The film has ______.The film has _________ for ten minutes.◆21.能，会。be able to

can

※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。

⑴ We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow.⑵ I can ______(play)the guitar.⑶ He ______ able to play che.◆22.too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house.too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin.much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive.⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health.⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today.You’d better not go out.⑶There are______ ______ students in the hallways.It’s dangerous.◆23.have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing.(现在不在北京)

have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing.(现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)

have/hasbeen in / at在某地

⑴I have ever _______ ______ America twice.⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years.⑶– Where is your brother ?

-He______ ______ to Hainan.⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ?

◆24.used to do sth.过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean.be(get)used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early.be used to do sth = be used for doing sth.被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing.⑴ XiaoGang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark.⑵ Thebroom is ______ ______ clean the room.= The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room.⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside.There is fresh air and sweet well.⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper.◆25.belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格(属于)

be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词(是)

⑴It must ______ Ning’s.= It must _________ Ning.⑵ The pencil must be ______(my).= The pencil must belong to ______(my).⑶ This ball ______ to me.= This ball is ______.◆26.can’t 不可能 0

表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪

must 肯定、一定 100﹪

⑴ The CD _____ belong to Tony.because he likes listening to music.⑵ The notebook ______ be mine.It has my name on it.⑶ The toy ______ be my grandpa.After all.He is an old man.◆27.be made from(由„制成)看不出原材料

be made of(由„制成)看得出原材料

⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood.⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood.◆28.prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事

prefer sth.to sth.喜欢„而不喜欢„

prefer doing sth.to doing sth.喜欢做„而不喜欢做„

⑴ I prefer ______(swim)to ______(play)balls.⑵ He _______ fish to beef.⑶ I prefer to ______(walk)to work.◆29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： —ed 修饰人

—ing 修饰物

⑴ I want to go somewhere ______(relaxing/relaxed).⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story.(interesting/interested)

※ interesting(有趣的)— interested(感兴趣的)tiring(累人的)— tired(累的，疲倦的)

boring(令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的)

surprising(令人惊讶的)— surprised(惊讶的)

relaxing(令人放松的)— relaxed(放松的)

embarraing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的)— embarraed(尴尬的;为难的)

◆30.the number of + 名词复数(„的数量)作主语，谓语用单数。

a number of + 名词复数(许多、一些)= many

⑴ The number of students in our cla______ 80.⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School.◆31.for + 一段时间

since + 时间点/过去时的句子

⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years.⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old..⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago.※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years.= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______.◆32.除„之外 except(不包括在内)→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim.besides(包括在内)→There are three girls besides me.⑴ We all paed the exam ______ Li Yang.⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun.◆33.already 用于肯定句中(已经)

yet 用于疑问句末(已经)

用于否定句末(还)

⑴ Have you seen the film ______ ? ⑵ I haven’t locked the door ______.⑶ Mom has _______ watered the flowers.◆34.否定祈使句 Don’t + v.No + v.ing / n.⑴ Don’t smoke here.= ______ ______ here.⑵ Don’t take photos.= ______ ______.◆35.也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day , too ?

either 放否定句末

also 放肯定句中

※ also放在实意动词前，be之后。

⑴ She is a girl.I am a girl.______.⑵ He ______ likes collecting things.⑶ Lily doesn’t like junk food.Her good friend doesn’t like it._______.⑷I can’t watch TV on school nights.–I can’t , _____.◆36.be strict with sb.对某人要求严格

be strict in sth.对某事要求严格

Mi Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students.◆37.需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人

need doing sth 主语是物

⑴ The claroom _____ cleaning.It’s too dirty.⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot.⑶ It’s very hot and dry.You need ______(wear)cool clothes and the flowers need ______(water).◆38.through →介词: 从内部穿过(park)

acro →介词：从表面穿过

cro →动词(road.street.bridge)

⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street.⑵ The manwent______ the forest.⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel(隧道).⑷He swam _____ the river.⑸ We drove _____ the desert(沙漠).⑹Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue.◆39.Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth.提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth.Let’s do sth.⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ? = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ?

⑵ Let’s _____(go)out for a walk.⑶ How about _____(practice)conversations ?

◆40.So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义(„也是如此)

Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义(„也不)

※ 它们都属于倒装句。

⑴ My mother didn’t go to school.______ ______ my father.⑵ James comes from theUSA.______ ______ Tom.⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese.______ ______ I.= Me ______.⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing.______ ______ I.= Me ______.◆41.both 两者都

all三者或三者以上都

⑴ The twins _____ are good students.⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets.⑶ There are five people in my family.We ______ like playing sports.My parents ______ love us.We are very happy.◆42.alone 单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home.lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country.⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends.⑵ She lives _____ in that large house.◆43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree.on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree.⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ?

⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree.◆44.in the wall 指在墙体内

on the wall 指在墙体表面

⑴ There is a map _____ the wall.⑵ There is a door _____ the wall.◆45.on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed.in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed.⑴ There is a jacket ___________.⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock.◆46.引导结果状语从句：so和such(如此„以至于„)

so是副词，后接adj和adv.句型：

△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize.△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice.= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice.such是形容词，后接n.句型：

△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him.△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming.⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’catch him.⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her.⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question.= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question.⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it.※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so„that。so„that句型的否定形式可用简单句too„to或not„enough to代替。如：

He is so young that he can’t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.= He is not old enough to go to school.◆47.引导时间状语从句 ：

when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in.= When he came in , I was watching TV.while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→While I was in Shanghai ,I visited him.⑴ _____ he was sleeping.Someone knocked at the door.= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door.⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice , he stopped crying.⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework..◆48.at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。

I began to play football when I was five years old.= I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five.◆49.instead 放句首、句末

instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than.⑴ I will go to see her ______ you.⑵ He doesn’t like beer.give him coke ______.⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud.◆50.be famous as(作为„而知名)as + 职业/身份/地位→Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl.be famous for(以„而著名)for + 出名的原因→Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.⑴ Li Bai is famous ______ a poet.⑵ Jackie Chan ia famous ______ his action movies.⑶ France ia famous _____its fine food and wine.◆51.看起来像是„似乎/好像„(sb/sth)seems to do sth

It seems that +从句

⑴ It _____ _____ he feels very sad.= He _____ _____ _____ very sad.⑵ She seems to want to have a drink.= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink.◆52.“疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换。

⑴ I will show you where you should go.= I will show you _____ _____ _____.⑵ Idon’t know what to do.= I don’t know what _____.A should I do B I should do

⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ?= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____ Summer Palace ?

※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____(天气如何)in Chongqi ?

◆53.问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。

problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配。

⑴ Please answer my ________ in English.⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______.⑶ This is a difficult _______ to answer.◆54.family家/家庭(强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关)→My family are kind people.home 家(指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩)→Welcome to my home.house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→They moved to their new house last year.⑴ How many people are there in your _____? ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____.⑶ I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my ______.◆55.in front of(在„前面)在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our claroom.in the front of(在„前部)在某一范围内的前面→Two personsare sitting in the front of the car.⑴ The policeman stands ____________ the car.⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car.◆56.在晚上，在夜里 at night

on + a + adj + night

⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night.⑵ He met a thief _____ a cold night.◆57.在„之间 between(两者之间)多与and连用。

among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间)

⑴ She is sitting ______ Lucy and Lily.⑵ He built a house ______ the trees.◆58.sometimes 不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→Sometimes I go to school by bus.some times 几次(此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”)→He has been to Shanghai some times.sometime 某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→ I saw him sometime last year.some time 一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→ He will stay here for some time.⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week.⑵ _______ the boy is late for school.⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair.So he mied the early bus.⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________.◆59.wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Our teacher often wears a pair of glaes.put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kate puts on her hat and goes out.be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)→The girl in red is my sister.dre + 人/反身代词(给某人穿)→She drees her daughter every morning.⑴ You’d better ______ your coat.⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair.⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend.⑷ He is too young to ______ himself.⑸ Mi Li often _____ the white sports shoes.※ dre当表示状态时常用be dreed in + 衣物(穿着„颜色的衣服)→He is dreed in a black coat.他常穿着黑色的外套。

◆ 60.play + 球类、棋类名词(不加the)play badminton / play che / play computer games

play the +乐器名词。(必须加the)play the violin

⑴名词-(形容词)复合形容词作定语

数词 + 名词复数

⑴ He is a two-year-old boy.= The boy is two _____ old.⑵ Look!This is a ______ buildings.A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors

⑶ We have ______(两天)holiday.⑷ Twelve-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes.※ Twelve-year-olds 表示一类人。(12岁的人)◆75.agree with sb.同意某人的意见→ I don’t agree with you.agree to sth.同意某人的建议/办法/计划等 → He agreed to my plan.◆76.believe 表示相信某人的话→ I believe you.= I believe that you say.believe in表示信任，相信···的存在 → I believe ib that man./ Believe in God.相信上帝的存在。

◆77.run out不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光 → My money has run out.run out of及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物→ I have run out of my money.◆78.maybe = perhaps或许/可能.副词，在句中作状语→ Maybe he will come here tomorrow.may be 或许/可能,may是情态动词，在句中作谓语→ He may be from the USA ,too.※ maybe 和may be 可以互换：Maybe you are right.=You may be right.◆79.fist = first of all 第一，首先。强调事情发展的顺序 → First I had to decide what to wear.at first = at the beginning 起初，起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段→ I didn’t like this job at first.◆80.表示时间的介词

in表示一段时间或较长时间 → in the morning / afternoon / eveningin May ,2010

on指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 → on Monday /on Children’sday /on Monday afternoon / on school nights

at表示点时间或较短的时间 → at 8:00 / at noon / at night

◆81.must(必须)表示说话人的主观意图和需求→ I have something to do , I must go now.have to(不得不，必须)表示客观需要→It’s your turn to clean the claroom.You have to do it.※ must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须用needn’t 或don’t have to(不必).如：-Must I finish the housework today ?

-No , you needn’t./ you don’t have to.◆82.at the end(后常接of)表示在某时，活动或事件等终止/结束时→She went to Japan at the end of last month.上月底他去了日本。

in the end(后不能接of)最后，最终→ In the end we finished this job.◆83.join 表示加入某个组织、机构、团体等 → He joined the League last year.take part in 表示参加某项活动、比赛、游戏等 → She took part in the English Speech Contest yesterday.◆84.watch sb.do sth(看···做某事)→ He sat down and watched Wangwang play with a lovely black cat.watch sb.doing sth(看···正在做某事)强调动作正在进行→ I watched her dancing just now.※ 类似用法的还有这些感官动词：see / look at / hear / listen to / feel等.◆85.该„的时候了 ：It’s time to do sth.和 It’s time for(doing)sth.可以互换。

⑴ It is time for school.= It’s time to ______ ______ school.⑵ It’s time to study English.= It’s time ______ ______ English.※ It’s time for sb to do sth.如：It’s dark.It’s time for you to go home.◆86.hope+宾语从句，用陈述语序 → I hope that I can help you.wish+宾语从句，用虚拟语气 → I wish that I could help you.※wish后跟双宾语(Wish you succe!)和复合宾语，wish sb.to do sth→/ I wish you to go there with me.hope to.do sth.→ I hope to go to Beijing this summer.◆87.no + n.(no是形容词)He has no dog and no family.not(not是副词)，与be动词/助动词/情态动词连用: isn’t / didn’t / can’t.→ There isn’t water or air.※no和not 可以互换:She has no pens.= She doesn’t have pens.◆88.sth be familiar to sb： 某事或某物为某人所熟悉;某物对某人是熟悉的 sb be familiar with sth： 某人熟悉某物