动词不定式用法小结_动词不定式的用法总结
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动词不定式用法
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一.作主语
To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为:
It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.再如:
It’s important to plant trees in spring.二.作表语:
动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例:
His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。
Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。
三.作宾语
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例:
I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。
They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。
Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗?
*如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例:
(1)He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我们一起去游泳。
(2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。
I find it’s interesting to learn English with you.我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。
He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。
四.作宾语补足语。
The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。
The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
五.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。例:
Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的?
She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字?
The best way to learn English is to use it.学英语最好的方法是使用它。
六.动词不定式作目的状语:
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后,表目的。
He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。
They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。
有时可以把不定式(短语)提前,放于句首,表示强调目的。例:
To early English quickly and well, he went to England.为了更快更好地学英语,他去了英国。