初一英语语法总结_初一英语语法完整总结
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初一英语语法总结
在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下：
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas
二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glaes,drees,watches,wishes,faxes
三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：
people,bpants, shorts, shoes, glaes, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,cla班，同学,family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,gla玻璃glaes玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡
十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：
child-children, man-men , woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是之s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节,clamates’;Children’s Day六一节,Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词
项目：人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词
人称主格宾格形容词名词性
第一人称
单数I、me、my、mine、myself
复数we、us、our、ours、ourselves
第二人称
单数you、you、your、yours、yourself
复数you、you、your、yours、yourselves
第三人称
单数she、her、her、hers、herself、he、him、his、his、himself、it、、it、its、this、that、itself
复数they、them、their、theirs、these、those、themselves3、动词
A）第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains
二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes
五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has
B）现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于
初一英语语法总结--句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a)This is a book.(be动词)
b)He looks very young.(连系动词)
c)Iwant a sweater like this.(实义动词)
d)I can bring somethings to school.(情态动词)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)
否定陈述句
a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句
a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in , please.否定祈使句
a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句
a)Is Jim a student?
b)Can I help you?
c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?
肯定回答:
a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.否定回答:
a)No,he isn’t.b)No,you can’t.c)No,she doesn’t.d)No,they don’t.e)No,she isn’t.2)选择疑问句
Is the table big or small?
回答It’s big./It’s small.3)特殊疑问句
①问年龄How old is Lucy?She is twelve.②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well / fine.④问方式How do / can you spell it? L – double O-K.How do we contact you ? Mye-mail addre is president@xueersi.com.⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club? ⑥问时间What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up ,Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go ? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦问地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨问人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto? ⑩问东西What’s this / that(in English)? It’s a pencilcase.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your firs tname? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? Myfamily name’s Smith.12问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.13问字母What letter is it ?It’s big D / small f.14问价格How much are these pants ?They’re 15 dollars.15问电话号码What’s your phone number ? It’s 576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17问职业(身份)What do you do?I’m a teacher.What’s your father?He’s a doctor.
