五年级上册英语语法小结1_高一上册英语语法总结
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1、be动词:am、is、are。am用于I,are用于you,we,they和名词复数;is用于he,she,it和名词单数(统称为'三单',即第三人称单数)。
2、助动词,主要分为do和does。do用于主语为'非三单'(I,you,复数);does用于主语为'三单'(he,she,it,名词单数)助动词用于“否定句和疑问句”,后面一律加“动词原形”。例:(1)I like apples.否定句: I don't like apples.一般疑问句:Do you like apples?肯定回答: Yes,I do.否定回答: No, I don`t.(2)He reads books on Sundays.否定句:He doesn't read books on Sundays.一般疑问句:Does he read books on Sundays?
肯定回答:Yes,he does.否定回答:No,he doesn't.3、主语为'非三单'时,动词用原形;主语为'三单'时,动词后面加-s或-es。
4、名词单数变复数规则变化的规律
(1)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词,加-es。如bus-buses,box-boxes,dish-dishes,watch-watches(2)以o结尾,有的单词加-es,如tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 有的单词加-s,如piano-pianos,photo-photos(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,把y改成i,再加es,如story-stories,baby-babies(4)单词以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe改成ves。如,knife-knives,leaf-leaves(5)一般情况直接加-s,如 boy-boys,girl-girls,apple-apples 不规则变化
(1)字母a或o变成e,如man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese(2)单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,people(3)其他:child-children,mouse-mice5、many+可数名词复数,much+不可数名词
some、any后面既可以加可数名词复数,也可以加不可数名词
some用于肯定句和表示请求及建议的一般疑问句(Would you like/ Can(May/Could)I...?)例如:(1)I'd like some apples.(2)There is some water in the gla.(3)Would you like some tea? May I have some noodles? any用于否定句和疑问句
例如:(1)I don’t have any notebooks.(2)I don’t have any soup for lunch.(3)Do you have any sisters? Is there any Coke?
6、形容词前面必须用be动词。例:He is my music teacher.Lucy is polite.7、情态动词:can,could,may,would,should,have to,has to,后面必须加动词原形。例如: I can swim.I have to eat vegetables.祈使句用动词原形。表示请求、命令等句子叫祈使句。它的主语是听话人(you),一般不需要说出来。通常以动词原形开头。
如:Let's go to school.Open the door,please.8、冠词 a、an、the 不定冠词(a、an),表示泛指,a+辅音,如 a young man,a university student an+元音,如 an e-mail,an active girl,an interesting book 定冠词(the),表示特指、世界上独一无二的东西,如the sun,the Great Wall(注:there be不与the连接)
9、时间介词 in,on,at in+一段时间:年份;季节;月份;上午、下午、晚上 on+具体时间:X月X日;星期几;节假日
at+时间点:at noon,at night,几点钟(at 7 o’clock;at 7:30)
10、play+体育项目,如play football,play che,play sports,play basketball play + the + 乐器,如play the piano,play the pipa,play the violin11、问人的外貌、个性特征以及物体的外观句式:
What + be动词+主语+like?
12、问星期几
What day is it today/tomorrow?
13、问你午餐吃了什么?(已吃)What do you have for lunch?
问你午餐想吃什么?(未吃)What would you like for lunch?
问午餐有什么吃?(未吃)What’s for lunch?
14、It’s time for + 名词,如 It’s time for music cla.It’s time to + 动词,如 It’s time to go to school.15、16、The first day of a week is Sunday.like + 可数名词复数/不可数名词,如 I like Mondays./ I like beef.like + 动词的现在分词(动词的ing形式),如 I like reading.like + to + 动词原形,如 I like to read a book.
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