科技英语入门课文翻译及单词总结_科技英语入门课文翻译
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Unit one
military 军事的，军用的 geometry 几何学 trigonometry 三角学 algebra 代数学 variable quantity 变量 proposition 命题
postulate 假设．假定 electromagnetism 电磁学
Unit Two Virtualization 虚拟
Unit Three configuration 配置 topology 拓扑学 interoperability 互操作性
Unit four analog electronics 模拟电子技术 transistor 双极型晶体管 amplification 放大 semiconductor 半导体 current 电流 bipolar 双极型
emitter(E)(晶体管的)发射极base(B)(晶体管的)基极 collector(C)(晶体管的)集电极switch 开关 voltage 电压 gain 增益 saturated 饱和的 load 负载
grid（G）（MOS管的）栅极 drain（D）（MOS管的）漏极 source（S）（MOS管的）源极 enhancement MOS transistor 增强型金属氧化物半导体(MOS)晶体管 MOS(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)exhausted MOS transistor 耗尽型金属氧化物半导体(MOS)晶体管 bias circuit 偏置电路 operational amplifier circuit 运算放大电路
rectification 整流 regulation 稳压 DC power supply 直流电源 mother board 主板，母板 wafer 晶片
integrated circuit(IC)集成电路 package 封装 pin 引脚
stripboard 条形焊接板 breadboard 面包板 anti—clockwise 逆时针方向 notch 凹槽 solder 焊接 heat sink 散热片 chip holder 芯片插座 screwdriver 螺丝起子 Unit Five
digital logic circuit 数字逻辑电路 high level 高电平 low level 低电平 rectangular wave 方波
digital electronics 数字电子技术 decimal 十进制 binary 二进制 octal 八进制 hexadecimal 十六进制 algebra 代数学 variable 变量 gate 门电路 combinational logic circuit
组合逻辑电路
encoder 编码器 decoder 译码器 data selector 数据选择器 numeric comparator 数值比较器 parity checker 奇偶校验器 output expreion 输出方程 flip-flop 触发器 sequential logic circuits
时序逻辑电路
register 寄存器 counter 计数器 driving equation 驱动方程 state equation 状态方程 sequential chart 时序图
civil 民用的 military 军用的 D-FF(D-flip-flop)D触发器 trigger 触发 positive edge 上升沿 asynchronously 异步地 simultaneously 同步地 frequency division 分频 arbitrary 任意的 cascade 级联
Unit Seven information 信息 waveform 波形 pulse 脉冲
amplitude 振幅，幅度
phase 相位，位相
modulation 调制，调整，调节 demodulation 解调 detection 检测 carrier 载波 trapezoidal 梯形的 envelope 包络 index 指数 over-modulation 过调制 baseband 基带 analog 模拟 sample 取样
digitize 使(数据)数字化（黑体要求拼写其余要求面熟----WZQ）
Unit Two Paage A Computer Problem Solving The hardware of虽然一部计算机的硬件能够被使用,但是没有组成电脑软件的程序就不能做任何事情.It’s crucial to understanding how software works in a modern computing system.。了解软件在一个现代化计算机系统中是如何工作的是很重要的。（本段非官方翻译
翻译来源howfar）
Unit3 Paage A
Networking Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cables.通常在网络中计算机的连接是用物理线路或者电缆However, some connections are wirele, using radio waves or infrared signals to convey data.然而有些连接是无线的使用无线电波或者红外线传送数据。
A key iue related to computer networks is the data transfer rate和计算机网络相关的一个重要议题是数据传输速率, the speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another就是数据从网络上一个地方传送到另外一个地方的速度.Sometimes the data transfer rate is referred to as the bandwidth of a network.有时候数据传输的速度被称作带宽。
Unit four Paage A A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals connected to an external circuit.There are two types of standard bipolar transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols(Fig.4-1).The letters refer to layers of semiconductor material used.The NPN bipolar transistor consists of an N-type base(B), and an N-type collector(C).晶体管是由一块固态半导体材料和至少有三个连接到外部回路的终端组成。有两种类型的标准的双极型晶体管，用不同的回路符号表示，ＮＰＮ和ＰＮＰ。这些字母涉及到半导体材料的使用层次。ＮＰＮ双极型半导体由一个Ｎ型发射极（Ｅ），一个Ｐ型基极（Ｂ）和一个Ｎ型集电极（C）组成。
In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals.在电子技术领域中，晶体管一般是用作放大或开关电信号的一个半导体装置。
Based on transistors and MOS transistors, various circuits are manufactured which involve basic amplifier circuit, multi-stage amplifier circuit, integrated operational amplifier circuit, power amplifier circuit, rectification circuit, regulation circuit, feedback amplifier, signal proceing circuit, DC power supply, and so on.基于晶体管和MOS晶体管，各种各样的电路被制造出来，涉及到基本放大电路、偏置电路、多级放大电路、集成运算放大电路、功率放大电路、整流电路、稳压电路、反馈放大电路、信号处理电路、信号发生电路、直流电源等等。（本单元非官方翻译
翻译来源howfar）
Unit five Paage A Digital Logic Circuits A digital signal is a two-level rectangular wave, usually with”1”indicating the high level,”0”the low level.Periodically dividing the rectangular wave, we can get a combination of symbols of 0 and 1, i.e.”110100011”.A digital signal is also one kind of pulse signals.数字信号是一个两种电平的矩形波，通常用“1”表示高电平，用“0”表示低电平。把矩形波按周期划分，就可以得到由0和1构成的符号组合，即“110100011”。数字信号也是一种脉冲信号。（本段非官方翻译
翻译来源WZQ）
Digital electronics is a“logical”science．Logic，generally speaking，is the science of formal principles of reasoning．Digital logic is the science of reasoning with numbers．The number system with which we are most familiar is the base 1 0,or decimal system．Recent technological developments have created the need for other number systems，such as the binary(base 2)，octal(base 8),and hexadecimal(base 1 6)．
（Digital electronics is a logical science）
数字电子技术是一门逻辑科学。逻辑，一般来说是正式科学推理的原理。数字逻辑是一门运用数字进行推理的科学。我们最熟悉的是以基数为10数字系统或者叫10进制系统。近年来科技的发展需要产生其它的数字系统，如二进制（基为2）、八进制（基为8）和十六进制（基为16）。
In an algebra proposed by George Boole about 1850．the variables are permitted to have only two values true or false，usually written as 1 and 0, and the algebraic operations on the variables are limited to those defined as AND，OR，NOT． 在乔治·布尔 于1850年提出的代数学中，变量值只有两种：真和假，通常记为1和0，代数运算也仅局限于与、或、非。
Unit 7 Paage A
Amplitude , Frequency and Phase Modulation It is an interesting fact that a perfectly periodic waveform, such as a sine wave cannot carry any information.For a sine wave to carry information, we must cause the amplitude, the frequency, of the phase to vary according to the information-carrying waveform.This proce is called modulation.The inverse proce, the recovery of the information waveform from the modulated sinusoid is called demodulation, or detection.The sinusoid carrying the information is called the carrier, while the waveform of information is often called the modulation 一个有趣的事实是它是一个完美的周期性矩形波，例如，正弦波不能携带任何信息。为了让正弦波携带信息，我们必须使幅度、频率、相位随信息载波变化。这个过程叫做调制。逆过程，及从已调正弦波中恢复出信息波形，叫做解调或检测。承载信息的正弦波就做载波，而包含信息的波形，通常叫做调制信号。
In the frequency-modulated wave, Fig.7-2(d), the amplitude is constant but the frequency varies.The frequency is lowest when the modulation is least positive.One can view the frequency-modulated wave as one in which the sinusoids bunch up or spread out according to the magnitude of the modulation wave 在频率调制波中，如图7-2（d）所示，幅度是常数但是频率变化。调制波为最小正值时频谱最低。我们可以将调频波看作是一个根据调制波幅度聚拢或扩展的正弦波。
