CISCO路由器IOS升级方法总结_cisco路由器的ios升级

2020-02-28 其他工作总结 下载本文

CISCO路由器IOS升级方法总结由刀豆文库小编整理,希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便,猜你可能喜欢“cisco路由器的ios升级”。

CISCO路由器IOS升级方法总结

前不久,朋友在对一台带语音模快的CISCO2610进行IOS升级时,由于路由器的内存(flash)为8M,IOS软件为7M多,升级后路由器无法正常启动。启动后到rommon 1 >状态,请求帮助。由于本人长期从事计算机网络管理工作,在对CISCO路由器的长期日常维护和管理实践中积累了一定的经验。现总结归纳出CISCO路由器IOS映像升级的几种方法,供广大网络爱好者或同仁参考。在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前,有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似,它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中,其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统(Internetwork Operating System),常简称为IOS.路由器的存储器主要有:

ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本;

RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构;

FLASH(闪存):用来存储IOS软件映像文件,闪存是可以擦除内存,它能够用IOS的新版本覆写,IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。

NVRAM:非易失性随机访问存储器,用来存储系统的配置文件。

IOS升级方法一

在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:

1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在升级较大IOS映象文件时,建议用3Cserver),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例:D:),并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录(如D:)。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1;

2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1(有文档说明),使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32(与计算机的IP地址同网段即可)。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来,防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用; 也可用Router#Show version)QUOTE:Router# dir flash:(查看目前IOS映象文件名,Directory of flash:/ 1-rw-5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN 8388608 bytes total(2390252 bytes free)

Router#copy flash tftp(备份IOS文件)Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin Addre or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1(指定TFTP服务器地址)

Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs(18509 bytes/sec)Router#

3、对路由器进行IOS升级;

QUOTE:Router#copy tftp flash Addre or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1(指定TFTP服务器地址)

Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin(需升级的新IOS映象文件名)

Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

Do you want to over write? [confirm]

(确认)

Acceing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin……

Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files!Continue? [confirm] Erasing device…… eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ……erasedee

Erase of flash: complete

:!!!!!!!Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1(via Ethernet0/0)!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[OKRestricted Rights clause at FAR sec.52.227-19 and subparagraph(c)(1)(ii)of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS sec.252.227-7013.cisco Systems,Inc.170 West Tasman Drive San Jose,California 95134-1706 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software,(11)IOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-I-M)Version 12.2T9,RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)

TAC Support: http://www.daodoc.com/tac

Copyright(c)1986-2003 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong Image text-base: 0x8000809C,data-base: 0x80A68B48 cisco 2610(MPC860)proceor(revision 0x203)with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory Proceor board ID JAD03483395(1128032249)

M860 proceor: part number 0,mask 49 Bridging software.X.25 software,Version 3.0.0.1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

Serial(sync/async)network interface(s)

32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.8192K bytes of proceor board System flash(Read/Write)

Pre RETURN to get started!

*Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1 *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0,changed state to up *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0,changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1,changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0,changed state to up *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0,changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1,changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console *Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1,changed state to administratively down *Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted ——Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software,(11)IOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-I-M)Version 12.2T9,RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)

TAC Support: http://www.daodoc.com/tac

Copyright(c)1986-2003 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong *Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start Router采用这种方法时,由于使用console口来传送,速率为9600bps,需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS.具体方法如下:

QUOTE:rommon 1 > confreg 回车

Configuration Summary enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails console baud: 9600

原始的速率9600bps boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)

enable “diagnostic mode”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “use net in IP bcast addre”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

disable “load rom after netboot fails”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “use all zero broadcast”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “break/abort has effect”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “ignore system config info”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)

enter rate: 0 = 9600,1 = 4800,2 = 1200,3 = 2400 4 = 19200,5 = 38400,6 = 57600,7 = 115200 [0]: 7(选择 7,用最大的11520 速率的xmodem传输)

change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

Configuration Summary enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails console baud: 115200 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2 > reset 回车注意:在按reset键前,需要修改串口速度(我的电脑——端口属性——串口速度调为115200),然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200,记住,一定要这么做,否则会出现乱码!然后关闭这个超级终端,重新建立一个超级终端连接,重新启动系统后,出现

QUOTE:rommon 1> 提示符然后,输入

QUOTE:rommon 1> xmodem-r

Do not start the sending program yet……

Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)

Ready to receive file ……

此时,在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”——“发送文件”——选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议,点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件!待升级完成后,请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps.方法如下:

QUOTE:Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式

Router#reload 重启系统

Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车

00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested System Bootstrap,Version 11.3(2)XA4,RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)

Copyright(c)1999 by cisco Systems,Inc.TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info PC = 0xfff0a530,Vector = 0x500,SP = 0x680127b0 C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory PC = 0xfff0a530,Vector = 0x500,SP = 0x80004684 monitor: command “boot” aborted due to user interrupt 30秒内按ctrl+break键 rommon 1 > confreg(输入“confreg”命令)

Configuration Summary enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails console baud: 115200

boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)

enable “diagnostic mode”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “use nn IP bcast addre”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

disable “load rom after netboot fails”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “use all zero broadcast”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “break/abort has effect”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

enable “ignore system config info”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)

enter rate: 0 = 9600,1 = 4800,2 = 1200,3 = 2400 4 = 19200,5 = 38400,6 = 57600,7 = 115200 [7]: 0(选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)

change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)

Configuration Summary enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails console baud: 9600 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2 > 此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600 然后敲入:

QUOTE:rommon 2 >reset

最好关掉电源后,重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢,往往等上很长时间,为了快速升级,可以采用下列方法。

(二)通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS,具体步骤如下:

1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器;用一根双绞线连接路由器的eth0/0口与PC机的网卡。

2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP地址设为10.32.10.32;PC机的IP地址设为10.32.10.1.将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中,并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录。

3、通过set 命令查看配置参数

QUOTE:rommon 2 > set PS1=rommon!> BOOT= BSI=0 RET_2_RTS= ?=0

4、在 rommon 状态下输入:(注意大小写)

QUOTE:rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1(路由器的ip地址)

rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0(路由器的掩码)

rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32(缺省网关,是pc机的ip地址)rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32(是pc机的ip地址)

rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN(上传ios文件的名称)

rommon 8>sync(保存参数配置)

rommon 9 >set(查看)

PS1=rommon!> BOOT= IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1 IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32 TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32 TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN BSI=0 RET_2_RTS= ?=0 rommon 10 >tftpdnld执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级,有时可能会报错或命令不执行,这时只要用sync命令保存配置后,重新启动路由器(最好关掉电源再开机)后,再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。

QUOTE:rommon 10 >tftpdnld(传送文件)出现提示选择y IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1 IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32 TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32 TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]:

y

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

File reception completed.Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.Erasing flash at 0x607c0000 program flash location 0x605b0000 rommon 11> 在rommon 11>提示符下键入reset,或重新启动路由器(power-cycle),进入正常引导状态,即:

rommon 11 >reset 笔者在Cisco2500、2600、7200等系列路由器上均实际操作过,以上为在Cisco2610路由器上实际操作捕获或截屏,所配地址只是特例,大家可根据实际需要予以修改。最后建议:大家在作正常路由器系统升级时,为防止不正确操作等引起的升级失败,请先把路由器原有的系统备份下来。

《CISCO路由器IOS升级方法总结.docx》
将本文的Word文档下载,方便收藏和打印
推荐度:
CISCO路由器IOS升级方法总结
点击下载文档
相关专题 cisco路由器的ios升级 路由器 方法 Cisco cisco路由器的ios升级 路由器 方法 Cisco
[其他工作总结]相关推荐
    [其他工作总结]热门文章
      下载全文