路由器IOS升级方法总结_cisco路由器的ios升级
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IOS升级方法一
在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:
1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在升级较大IOS映象文件时,建议用3Cserver),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例:D:),并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录(如D:)。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1;
2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32(与计算机的IP地址同网段即可)。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来,防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用;
QUOTE: Router# dir flash:(查看目前IOS映象文件名,也可用Router#Show version)
Directory of flash:/
1-rw-5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
8388608 bytes total(2390252 bytes free)
Router#copy flash tftp(备份IOS文件)
Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin
Addre or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1(TFTP服务器地址)Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!„
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs(18509 bytes/sec)
Router#
3、对路由器进行IOS升级;
QUOTE: Router#copy tftp flash
Addre or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1(TFTP服务器地址)
Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin(需升级的新IOS映象文件名)
Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?
Do you want to over write? [confirm]
Acceing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files!Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device...eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee...erasedee
Erase of flash: complete
Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1(via Ethernet0/0):!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!„
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OKRestricted
Rights clause at FAR sec.52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c)(1)(ii)of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec.252.227-7013.cisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)
TAC Support: http://www.daodoc.com/tac
Copyright(c)1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong
Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48
cisco 2610(MPC860)proceor(revision 0x203)with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory
Proceor board ID JAD03483395(1128032249)
M860 proceor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
Serial(sync/async)network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.8192K bytes of proceor board System flash(Read/Write)
Pre RETURN to get started!
*Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
*Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down
*Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted--Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)
TAC Support: http://www.daodoc.com/tac
Copyright(c)1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong
*Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start
Router> 采用这种方法时,由于使用console口来传送,速率为9600bps,需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS。具体方法如下:
QUOTE: rommon 1 > confreg 回车
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: image specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)
enable “diagnostic mode”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “use net in IP bcast addre”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
disable “load rom after netboot fails”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “use all zero broadcast”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “break/abort has effect”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “ignore system config info”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400
= 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7(选择 7,用最大的11520
速率的xmodem传输)
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: image specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 > reset 回车
注意:在按reset键前,需要修改串口速度(我的电脑---端口属性----串口速度调为115200),然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200,记住,一定要这么做,否则会出现乱码!然后关闭这个超级终端,重新建立一个超级终端连接,重新启动系统后,出现 QUOTE: rommon 1> 提示符
然后,输入
QUOTE: rommon 1> xmodem-r
Do not start the sending program yet...Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)
Ready to receive file...此时,在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”---“发送文件”----选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议,点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件!待升级完成后,请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps。
方法如下:
QUOTE: Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式
Router#reload 重启系统
Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车
00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested
System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)
Copyright(c)1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info
PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0
C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory
PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684
monitor: command “boot” aborted due to user interrupt 30秒内按ctrl+break键
rommon 1 > confreg(输入“confreg”命令)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: image specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)
enable “diagnostic mode”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “use nn IP bcast addre”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
disable “load rom after netboot fails”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “use all zero broadcast”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “break/abort has effect”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
enable “ignore system config info”? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y(选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400
= 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0(选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n(选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: image specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 > 此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600
然后敲入
QUOTE: rommon 2 >reset 最好关掉电源后,重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢,往往等上很长时间,为了快速升级,可以采用下列方法。
二)通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS,具体步骤如下:
1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器;用一根双绞线连接路由器的eth0/0口与PC机的网卡。
2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP地址设为10.32.10.32;PC机的IP地址设为10.32.10.1。将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中,并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录。
3、通过set 命令查看配置参数
QUOTE: rommon 2 > set
PS1=rommon!>
BOOT=
BSI=0
RET_2_RTS=
?=04、在 rommon 状态下输入:(注意大小写)QUOTE: rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1(路由器的ip地址)
rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0(路由器的掩码)
rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32(缺省网关,是pc机的ip地址)
rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32(是pc机的ip地址)
rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN(上传ios文件的名称)
rommon 8>sync(保存参数配置)
rommon 9 >set(查看)
rommon 10 > set
PS1=rommon!>
BOOT=
IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
BSI=0
RET_2_RTS=
?=0
rommon 11 >tftpdnld 执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级,有时可能会报错或命令不执行,这时只要用sync命令保存配置后,重新启动路由器(最好关掉电源再开机)后,再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。QUOTE: rommon 11 >tftpdnld(传送文件)出现提示选择y
IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y
Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
„
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
File reception completed.Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
program flash location 0x605b0000
rommon 13 >
在rommon 13 >提示符下键入reset,或重新启动路由器(power-cycle),进入正常引导状态,即:
Router> 笔者在Cisco2500、2600、7200等系列路由器上均实际操作过,以上为在Cisco2610路由器上实际操作捕获或截屏,所配地址只是特例,大家可根据实际需要予以修改。最后建议:大家在作正常路由器系统升级时,为防止不正确操作等引起的升级失败,请先把路由器原有的系统备份下来。