一般性英语阅读技巧总结_英语中的翻译技巧总结
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一般性阅读技巧总结
一般性阅读三要点:关键——锁定——共现中
这一规律最适合于细节题和词汇题
1.题干选项关键词
从题干和选项中找出关键词,预测文章的主要内容。然后回到原文的相关部位找出对应点。注意:在原文中找到的相关词可能是题干中的关键词,也有可能是这个词的一种变体,或是这个词的同义转述。
关键词通常是名词、动词和形容词,有时可能是介词或副词
2锁定原文对应点
应试者可以根据关键词迅速锁定相关的段落。细节性问题、词汇性问题和推理性问题通常是按着前后顺序依次出现在短文中的,其答案就在相关位置的前后一两句。而主旨性问题的位置会多样化。有时在开头,有时在末尾,有时则需要根据应试者根据文章内容自我概括。3原文共现重点中
一个选项中的多个关键词(或这些关键词的变体)同时出现在文中题干相对应的段落或句群中,那么这里就是重点。这个选项最有可能是答案。可是,如果多个选项中的关键词同时出现在这一处,那么,这几个选项最好排除。这是快速找到答案的一个简便的方法。
测试目标
一、细节性问题(Detail Question)
这类问题占据了一般性阅读的50%以上的比例,因此是非常重要的考点。主要考查考生对阅读中的内容细节掌握程度。由于这类问题是针对原文中的细节而设计的,所以一般比较直观,可以在原文中直接找到。此外,这类问题的出现顺序通常和文章内容的进展顺序基本一致。因此,考生在解题时可以采用略读和查找技巧并用的原则,找到题干中的关键词在原文中的相应位置。并确定答案。略读时,对”5W1H”(who,what,when,where,why,how)这些常考的细节内容应做出标记,以便解题时能够及时地查找到。
Most people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas.But some people think they buy too much.They have started a special day called Buy Nothing Day.They don’t want anyone to go shopping on that day.Buy Nothing Day is November 29.It’s 25 days before Christmas.The ideal for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver.Now people all over the United States celebrate Buy Nothing Day.In California ,parents and children get together to read stories,sing songs and paint pictures.The children talk about why they don’t need a lot of toys.This year in Albuquerque,New Mexico ,high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day.They organized a simple dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day.They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate(赠送)the food.They made posters(海报)and talked to other students about it.The dinner was a big succe,and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29.The students at high school liked the idea of this new tradition.Next year ,they want to have another dinner to inform more people about Buy Nothing Day!
36.some people start Buy Nothing Day because they think__________.A)people need more time to do other thingsB)people buy too many gifts for Christmas
C)people can hardly afford to buy a lot of giftsD)people waste too much time going shopping
37.The ideal for Buy Nothing Day first started in____________.38.A)CaliforniaB)AlbuquerqueC)British ColumbiaD)New Mexico |答案:36.B37.C
解析:我们看到以上的2个问题全都是细节性问题。我们可以用略读和查找技巧来阅读这篇文章。试题36:首先,让我们看一下第36道题题干,并确定关键词(组)start Buy Nothing Day 和they think。这些关键的内容都出现在文章的第1段中,所以答案肯定在这段中。看一下,这段中的they buy too much 和B选项中的buy too many gifts 正好对应上。因此,答案是B。试题37:一般来讲,阅读理解问题出现的顺序与文章的顺序基本一致,所以这个问题应出现在第二段中。通过问题的题干中的关键词the ideal 和first started in,可以锁定原文第2段的第三句就是答案的所在之处。然后,我们进行查读。我们很容易看到选项C正好与第2段的第三句话中的“Vancouver,British Columbia.”相吻合。
考生注意事项
.注意是否需要数字运算。
.搞清多个细节间的关系,千万别混淆
.注意特殊标点符号的用途。比如:
破折号_____解释
括号______解释
冒号______解释
引号______引用
.指代关系。如:
A=B,A=X
B=?(X)
.颠倒顺序。如:
A导致B(A→B)
B是结果,原因何在?
因为A
经典问题
.Which of the following is True(or Not true)?
.Which of he following many lead to(cause)_____?
.Which of the following is Not mentioned in this paage?
.Why is(does)______?
.What is the main difference between...and....?
二、推理性问题(Inference Question)
这类问题对考生来说,是有一定难度的,因为答案不能直接在文章里找到。考生要根据文章的内容、说话者的语气来进行推理。必须清楚:推理=事实+逻辑。考生要根据原文中已知的事实,通过合理的逻辑思维,做出正确的推段。考生在解题时可以采取三S方法相结合的办法。在快速浏览文章的同时,根据题干和选项中的关键词(组),找到原文中相关点,然后仔细阅读相关句及前后的内容,综合前后略读到的有效信息对其内容加以理解并得出结论。尤其是长句子,比如复合句,其从句部分往往成为考点。因此,考生应注意这种句子的结构和关键词(组),要做到不仅知道其字面的意思,还要了解其内在的涵义。
实例(2005年1月任务2中的第42题)
People travel a lat of with Heaven Air because they know they will get what they want.They want to go quickly and safely acro the land ,acro the sea or right acro the world,and they know Heaven Air will take them where they want to go whenever they want go.Heaven Air files all the newest and fastest planes to more towns and cities of the world than any other airlines.Do you want to go to Pairs, Washing-ton, Tokyo ?Heaven Air will take you there ,at all times of the day or night ,right ,right through the week.But Heaven Air flies not only to the biggest cities, we also fly two or three times a week to towns and cities in the very center of Asia ,Africa and South America.People fly with Heaven Air because they know they will leave on time and arrive on time ,They know that they will receive the best food and watch the best films.Heaven Air is second to none.42.Traveling with Heaven Air is ________
A)comfortable but expensiveB)cheap and pleasant
C)exciting but rareD)quick and safe
答案:D
解析:这是一道推理性的问题。第2段中的黑体部分告诉我们:旅客们希望安全快捷地到达目的地,旅客们相信无论何时 Heaven Air航空公司都会把他们送到他们想去的地方。所以,答案是D。
考生注意事项
.不符合原文事实,偏离原文主题,违反推理逻辑是干扰的特点。
.注意反映作者态度、观点和立场的敏感词汇。如:
belive,conclude,feel,think,seem,in fact,aume
.注意表示因果关系的连词和表示转折意思的连词。如:
for ,since,because,but,however,neverthele
.注意不定式的用法。
.区分事实和观点:
↓↓
客观性主观性→含描述性(修饰语)
↓
不含描述性(修饰语)
典型问题
.What can we conclude from the paage?
.What is the main purpose of this paage?
.It can be inferred from the paage that _____..From the paage ,we know that______..What is the author’s opinion about /attitude to ____?
.The author writes this paage mainly to _____.