新概念第一册语法总结_新概念第1册语法总结

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新概念第一册语法总结（二十）

1）代词及be动词 第一人称 第二人称第三人称 ……

单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数

主格 I we you you she/he/it they

宾格 me us you you her/him/it them

代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be动词现在时 Am are are are is are

be动词过去时 was were were were was were

2）名词的复数

规则变化的名词复数形式

规则1 一般情况+s e.g.shell→shellstoy→toys

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches

规则3 以o结尾s或+es e.g.radio→radiospotato→potatoes

规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g.leaf→leavesknife→knives

规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g.sky→skietudy→studies

3）不规则变化的名词复数形式

man（men）woman（women）foot（feet）goose（geese）tooth（teeth）0child（children）sheep（sheep）deer（deer）mouse（mice）fish（fish）

3）动词的第三人称单数形式

规则1 一般情况+s e.g.like-likes, look--looks

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g.do-does, catch--catches

规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g.carry-carries, fly--flies

4）动词现在分词

规则一 一般动词加-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing

规则二 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g.make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

规则三 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-inge.g.run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop--stopping

5）动词过去式

规则动词变化

规则一 一般动词加-ede.g.look-looked, watch-watched, play--played

规则二 以e结尾的加-de.g.make-maked, arrive--arrived

规则三 以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

规则四 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-edstop-stopped,过去式的读音

在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/ e.g.walked, jumped

在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g.washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g.waited, hated

6）形容词和副词的比较级

比较级

规则一 一般加-er e.g.high-higher

规则二 以结尾加-r nice-nicer

规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier,规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter,形容词和副词的最高级

最高级 规则一 一般加-est e.g.high-highest

规则二 以结尾加-st nice-nicet

规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest

规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7）常见缩写：is=’sI am=I’mare=’reis not=isn’t/ iznt/are not=aren’t /a:nt/do not=don’tdoes not=doesn’twas=’sdid not=didn’tcan not=can’thave=’vehas=’shave not=haven’thas not=hasn’twill=’llwill not=won’tshall not=shan’t

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十二)副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化

·副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：

The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副词变化形式：

·直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,·以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily·有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast, hard, late

·有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十)

限定词：some, any, many, much

some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some·

many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money.I don’t have much money.新概念英语第一册语法总结(九)

问句：

一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句

1）一般疑问句： 助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?

2）特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your name?

3）选择疑问句： orDo you want beef or lamb?

4）反意疑问句： 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You don’t need that pen, do you?

5）否定疑问句： 一般疑问句+否定词Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest?

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十七)17

祈使句：

· 第二人称：

let+其他人称代词

· 祈使句的否定，加don’t

· 反意疑问

祈使句（第二人称）

祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。

★肯定句 动词原型例，Come here, please.Go downstairs, please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾

Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.★否定：Don't+动词原型Don't come here.Don’t sit down.Don’t stand up.Don’t give me it.let sb.do Let me pa.Let us have a rest.Let’s have a rest.（反意疑问）：Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十三)情态动词的使用：can, must, may, might, need,1）情态动词can（能够），must（必须），may（可以）

结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型

He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?

★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can.No, he cannot.Yes, she can.No, she cannot.Yes, we can.No, we cannot.★特殊疑问句：What can you do?（必背）

注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2）Must/have to的区别

must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态

3）must, may, might表示猜测：

· must do 表示对现在事实的猜测

·must have done表示对过去事实的猜测

·must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测

·may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。5·can’t/couldn’t 表示不可能

新概念英语第一册语法总结(一)

一、时态：

二、一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去

完成时，过去将来时

三、1.一般现在时

四、表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。

五、1 含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and

Jack are students.六、★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?

Are Tim and Jack students?

七、★变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very

beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.八、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is.No, he is not.Yes, she is.No, she is not.Yes, they are.No, they are not.九、★不含有

新概念第一册语法总结

（二）2.现在进行时

表示现在正在进行的动作。

构成： 主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词＋其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）

We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming acro the river.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming acro the river?

★变否定句在be动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming acro the river.★特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?

没有进行时的动词（必背）

表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作

1.表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2.have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时

新概念第一册语法总结

（三）3.一般过去时

表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day

before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereI was at the butcher’s.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butcher’s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?

★变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butcher’s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was.No, I was not.Yes, you were.No, you were not.Yes, he/she was.No, he/she was not.★特殊疑问句：What did you do?（必背）

不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录

I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.★变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?

★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did.No, I didn’t.Yes, he did.No, he didn’t.Yes, they did.No, they did not.新概念英语第一册语法总结(五)

一般将来时

表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc.表示将来的词联用

结构： 主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly

to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly

to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?★变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning

★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will.No, I will not.Yes, he/she will.No, he/she will not.Yes, he will.No, he will not.★特殊疑问句：What will you do?

新概念第一册语法总结

（四）4.现在完成时

构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词

用法：

2）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用

I have just had lunch.（饱了，不用再吃了）

He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）

They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）

3）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：

Have you finished your homework?

Have you been to Beijing?

Have he seen the film?

4）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作

I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.8）表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情

I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.（人已经回来）He has gone to London.（人还在那里）

11）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用

I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have.No, I have not.★特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时

注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.