奥巴马在中美关系会谈开幕致辞_中美关系奥巴马演讲
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推荐答案
I.Spot Dictation
复习思路：单词写的又快又准又精，熟悉自己的书写习惯，快速誊写
练习内容：真题（0603-0209，八套题，下同），《高级口译备考指南》，任何4-5个单词组成的词组，随时“动手”
评分标准：只对名、动、形、副词直接扣分，其余错误作标记，酌情统一扣1-3分
保底分数：70%，21分
潜力指数：★★★★
重要性指数：★★★
II.Multiple Choice
复习思路：积极预判，轻松笔记，果断选择
练习内容：真题，CET，TOEFL
评分标准：略
保底分数：70%，14分
新闻听力：新闻导语类（首句改写原则）＋细节类（同其它MC）
潜力指数：★★★
重要性指数：★★
III.Note Taking and Gap Filling
复习思路：awarene+ability+legibility+sustainability
6分钟以上的连续有效笔记，层次图（重要性递减）
练习内容：真题，IELTS(lecture)，真题MC Q16-20
评分标准：略
保底分数：40%，8分
潜力指数：★★★★
重要性指数：★★★★
IV.Sentence/Paage Translation
复习思路：练习量＋复述＋句式概括＋熟练笔记
练习内容：真题（包括MC, Q16-20），Roy讲义（分类句式），《中级口译备考指南》，《高级口译备考指南》
评分标准：基本句子框架50%，细节补充50%
保底分数：60%，18分
潜力指数：★★★★
重要性指数：★★★★★
一句话概括口译听力训练整体思路：“听得懂、记得下、记得住、说得快”
-听得懂
复习思路：背景知识熟悉，新闻套路熟练，听力有效词汇量，适应各类发音现象
练习内容：CNN，BBC，NPR及类似难度的精听训练，听抄(dictation)，CET6词汇（主动筛选）--听力有效词汇
精听的步骤：（见Roy讲义）
-记得下
复习思路：个人笔记习惯训练，属于自己的笔记符号，熟悉常考套路
练习内容：Roy讲义
-记得住
复习思路：以复述强化短期记忆，源语言复述（两种思路），目标语言复述
练习内容：任何语言输入，包括中文，以30-60秒为单位
口译证书考试——笔试、阅读复习纲要
题型考察：
1.全文总结能力
main idea, best title, the author’s tone
2.部分总结能力
举例、数据、引用、对比、比喻等写作手法的释义
3.信息定位能力
对相应句子的paraphrase
4.综合推断能力
“Which of the following is NOT true?” “Which of the following is true but not directly mentioned?”„
做好高口阅读的几个关键点：
1.相关利益人(stake-holders)概念的培养（mapping）
基本立场判断，以“政府计划对大学生助学贷款实行社会化、私有化”这一话题为例
相关大学生/家庭，父母
放贷机构（赢利机构，利益集团）
政府主管部门/协调者/监督者
反对派/反对者
其他观点持有者
横向、纵向比较（以史为鉴，以邻为鉴）
2.批判性思维(critical thinking)习惯的培养
对政府的监督约束
对以盈利为导向的利益团体的行为与政策，加以监督约束
对相对弱势，信息不对称的群体，更多关注，保护
“I can do nothing else but to voice my care for you.”
3.基本写作思路
引出观点（直接法，举例法，让步法，„）
更具体地介绍报道，政策细节，产品研发过程，特点，理论假说阐述，事件始末（陈述，引用，定义，分类）
相关利益人陈述（引用，对比，举例，比喻，类比，数据）
作者述评（中立，客观，批判）
4.重要句式总结（见Roy讲义p40 reading policies）
5.常见话题总结
6.政府新政策（政策法规变更）
7.写作（阅读）套路
A政府推出B政策，出于„原因
阐述解释政策，出台过程
相关利益人的反应，“各执一词”
作者进行评论，横向纵向分析评论 结论，审视，怀疑，弊大于利，弊端不容忽视，8.以往真题涉及内容
-对烟草业暂缓加税
-扶持某机构进行临床用干细胞研究
-出台新的旨在减少青少年吸毒的政策
-服刑人员实行早九晚五制度
-警方开展改善黑人警察形象的行动
-新产品，新科技
9.写作（阅读）套路
A研究机构B专家对C话题进行研究并有所发现（产品，理论，假说，实际运用）
“a room of scholars„”, “turf war”
实际推广的压力（成本，法规，公众认知）
凡涉及克隆、环保等话题的典型观点
“What is medically poible may not be ethically wise.” 新保守主义观点
10.以往真题涉及内容
美国总统奥巴马在中美关系会谈开幕致辞（中英文）
各位早上好。我感到荣幸地欢迎你们来到首届中美战略经济对话。这次对话对于增进我们两国之间积极的、建设性的和广泛的关系起到重要的作用。我很高兴胡锦涛主席和我一样追求持续的对话来增进我们的共同利益。
胡锦涛主席和我都觉得让我们的关系有一个好的开始是很重要的。当然，作为新的总统和一个篮球粉丝，我从姚明那里学到一句话—“不管你是新的还是旧的团队成员，你需要时间来相互适应。”通过我们已有的建设性会议和这一届对话，我相信我们将会达到姚明的标准。
我要感谢将要共同实现这一努力出色的中美领导人。希拉里克林顿和盖特纳是跟我关系最近的顾问中的两个，他们都有卓越的经验与中国合作。我知道他们有同样出色的中国伙伴—国务委员戴秉国和国务院副总理王岐山。
我期待着一位优秀的人才出任中国大使—洪博培州长的上任确认。他在亚洲有丰富的居住和工作经验，跟我不同的是，他可以说流利的普通话。他曾在共和党帮助麦凯恩议员竞选。我觉得这证明了他服务他的国家和广泛的两党对于建设性的富有成效的中美关系的支持的承诺。
今天，我们进行会议的这座建筑令我们想起上个世纪的历史。在这里摆放着伍德罗·威尔逊总统的纪念碑，在20世纪初他当选了总统，那时美国在世界范围内的领导力正在崛起。里根总统在两次世界大战期间成长起来，他带领的政府帮助开启了历史上的一个新纪元。这里保留着一块柏林墙的碎片，这一数十年长的分裂标志最终被推到，从而释放出全球化的上升浪潮—继续塑造着我们的世界。
100年前—20世纪初—但是人们都清楚要做出一些重大的选择—国家边界和人权的选择。但是在伍德罗·威尔逊所处的时代，没有人可以预见到历史的弧线会导 致柏林墙的倒下，他们也没有预见到在这些年里的冲突和动荡。对于世界上所有的人来说（从波士顿到北京），20世纪取得了重大的进步，但是为了这些进步也付 出了代价。
今天，我们面临着一个新的世纪。随着我们开启这一对话，我们讨论将要塑造21世纪的问题是很重要的。如现在我们的危机是否会使增长停滞不前，或者我们是否 将要合作创造平稳和持续的增长、让更多的人脱离贫困和创造更广泛的繁荣？对能源的需求是否会滋长竞争和气候变化，我们是否要建立合作关系来生产清洁能源和 保护我们的地球？核武器是否会泛滥地传播，我们是否要达成新的共识而使核能只用于和平目的？极端分子是否有能力激起冲突和分裂，为了我们的共同安全我们是 否应该联合起来？国家之间和人民之间是否仅仅通过他们的差别来定义他们，我们是否可以找到必须的共同点来应对我们共同的挑战和尊重人类的尊严？
我们不能肯定地预测到未来是怎样的，但是我们可以肯定哪些问题将会确定我们的时代。我们也知道：中美关系将会塑造21世纪，这使得它跟世界上其它任何的双边关系一样重要。这一事实肯定会巩固我们的关系。这是我们必须肩负起的责任。
我们应该以史为鉴面向未来—因为历史告诉我们：基于共同利益和共同尊重的接触使我们两个国家都受益匪浅。在我在任期间，我们将迎来尼克松总统到访中国40 周年。现在的世界跟那时相比有了翻天覆地的变化，当时冷战令世界进入了僵局。当时，中国的经济与世隔离，中国大部分的人口都生活在极端贫困中。当时，我们的对话主要集中于我们共同的敌人—苏联。今天，我们广泛的友好关系反映了我们两国人民之间联系正在加深。现在，我们的合作大于分歧。两国人民通过多种方式进行相互交流。我相信：我们将会在我们时代的一些最重要的问题上取得稳定的进步。
我的信心是来自于美国和中国有共同的利益。如果我们通过合作推进我们的共同利益，两国人民将会从中受益，世界将会变得更加美好—因为我们相互合作的能力是很多最迫在眉睫的全球挑战可以取得成效的先决条件。
首先，在持续的经济复苏中我们可以合作推进两国的共同利益。现在的危机已经很清楚地表明我们两国所作出的选择影响着全球的经济—不仅仅是纽约和西雅图，还 有上海和深圳。因此我们必须致力于强有力的双边和多变协调。这是我们通过积极地保持增长、防止深度衰退和保住人民群众的工作的例子。
向前看，我们可以深化合作。我们可以通过更大的透明度和制度改革来促进金融稳定。我们可以追求自由公正的贸易，寻求达成一个有抱负的和谐的多哈会谈协议。我们可以革新国际机构，以使得像中国这样的新兴国家可以扮演一个符合他们所肩负的责任的角色。随着美国人的储蓄增多和中国人的消费的增多，我们可以把增长建立在一个更加可持续的基础—因为正如中国从大量的投资和有利可图的出口中受益一样，中国可以为美国的商品提供巨大的市场。
第二，我们可以在一个清洁、安全和繁荣的能源未来合作推进我们的共同利益。美国和中国是世界上最大的两个能源消费国。我们也是全球最大的两个温室气体排放国。坦白说：对进口石油依赖的增大对我们都没有好处，除非我们进行合作，否则我们也无法避免气候变化所带来的后果。常识呼吁我们要行动起来。
我们两国都正在采取措施改革我们的能源经济。我们可以一起制造一个低碳排放的经济复苏；我们可以扩大研发的共同合作来促进能源的清洁和有效达的使用；我们 可以在哥本哈根的气候变化会议的共同推进全球行动。保持我们市场对于新的想法、新的交流和新的能源来源的开放，是促进使我们的安全和繁荣增加的最好方法。
第三，我们可以合作推进我们的共同利益以阻止核武器的扩散。不犯错：越多的国家拥有核武器，核武被使用的可能性就越高。中美两国都不希望恐怖分子拥有核 武，或者是东亚爆发军备竞赛。所以我们必须继续合作已实现朝鲜半岛无核化，让朝鲜清楚地认识到：如果他们履行他们的义务，那么安全和受到尊重的道路是可行 的。所以我们必须联合阻止伊朗拥有核武器，敦促这个伊斯兰共和国旅行它的国际责任。
这样做不是为了孤立任何一个国家—这是所有国家的责任。我们必须合作保障全世界的敏感核材料的安全，这将是明年全球核能高峰会的重点。我们必须通过更新基 本的条款来加强可不扩散条约：拥有核武器的国家应该进行裁减；没有核武器的国家不能得到；所有的国家都可以和平使用核能。在21世纪，一个强大的全球政权 是避免致命武器的唯一基础。第四，我们可以在应对跨国威胁的领域进行合作以促进我们的共同利益。我们所面对的最迫在眉睫的危险不再是来自于大国之间的竞争—他们来自于杀害无辜平民的 极端分子；来自于把自己的利益建立在别人的痛苦之上的走私犯和海盗；来自于没有国界的疾病；来自于滋长不稳定和恐怖的痛苦的内战。这些事21世纪的威胁。所以各国对于强权的追求不能再是零加游戏。进步（包括安全）必须要分享。
通过增加两国军队之间的联系，我们可以减少争端得源头和提供一个合作的框架。通过持续的情报共享，我们可以扰乱恐怖分子的阴谋和摧毁恐怖分子网络。通过及早的警告和协调，我们可以防止疾病的传播。通过坚决的外交，我们必须负起为冲突寻求和平解决方案的责任—这应该以努力结束达尔富尔人民所遭受的痛苦和在苏丹推动和平开始。
所有的这些问题都是基于这样一个事实：没有一个国家可以独自应对21世纪的挑战和有效地提高自己的利益。就是这样一个基本的事实迫使我们进行合作。我并不期待美国和中国可以在每一个问题上都达成一致，或者是选择以相同的方式来看待这个世界。但是，这使得对话变得更加重要—因此我们可以更加地了解对方和坦率地交流我们所关心的问题。
例如，美国尊重中国消除数以亿计的贫困人口的进程。正如我们尊重中国的古代文化和引人注目的成就一样，我们同样坚信所有人民的宗教和文化都应该受到尊重和保护，所有的人都应该自由地表达他们的想法。这包括中国的小数民族和宗教团体，当然也包括美国的小数民族。
对人类权利和尊严支持的思想在美国根深蒂固。美国是由来自世界各个角落的移民组成的。我们通过向所有的人提供基本的权利来保护我们的团结和努力改善我们的国家。这些权利包括自由言论；宗教自由；选择国家的领导人。这些不是我们想要实施的东西—我们就是这样的人。它引导着我们相互坦白和对世界的开放。
中国有它自己的截然不同的国情来形成它自己的世界观。美国人 知道中国历史悠久，因为它为塑造这个世界做出了贡献。我们知道中国人的才能，因为他们为美国做出了贡献—我的内阁有两位美籍中国人。我们知道，尽管我们存 在分歧，美国通过与一个拥有13亿人口的国家（古老和充满活力）建立深厚的联系可以得到丰富—这一关系可以通过两国人民之间的交流和两国政府的建设性双边 关系而得到推进。通过这样的方法可以减少我们的分歧。
坦白说，我们都知道有些人对未来有所提放。一些中国人觉得美国将 会限制中国的雄心；一些美国人担心崛起的中国的某些方面令人害怕。我的观点是截然不同的。我认为未来的中国是国际社会上强大、繁荣和成功的一员；未来我们 将会因需要和机遇而成为伙伴。未来不是已经确定的，但是如果我们追求像我们今天开始的这样一个可持续的对话，或者是对于我们的所听和所知有所行动，这个目 的地是可以到达的。数千年前，伟大的哲学家孟子说过，山径之蹊间,介然用之而成路,为间不用,则茅塞之矣。我们的任务是铺开一条通向我们为后代寻求的道路，以防止不信任和不可避免的分歧使得“茅塞之矣”；我们要时刻留意我们共同所选择的道路。
这次对话可以帮助决定这一旅程的最终目的地。它是通过持续合作（而不是对抗）来塑造21世纪的承诺。我期待着通过我对中国的首次访问来推进这一努力，我希 望到中国更好地了解中国的领导人、中国的人民和这个雄伟的国家。通过共同努力，我相信我们可以稳定地朝着进步、实现我们对于人民的责任和我们共同的未来前 进。谢谢。英文原文：
Obama’s Remarks on the U.S.-China RelationshipWSJ Good morning.It’s an honor to welcome you to the first meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue between the United States and China.This is an eential step forward in advancing a positive, constructive, and comprehensive relationship between our countries.I’m pleased that President Hu shares my commitment to a sustained dialogue to enhance our shared interests.President Hu and I both felt that it was important to get our relationship off to a good start.Of course, as a new President and as a basketball fan, I have learned from the words of Yao Ming, who said – “No matter whether you are new or an old team member, you need time to adjust to one another.” Well, through the constructive meetings that we have already had, and through this dialogue, I am confident that we will meet Yao’s standard.I want to acknowledge the remarkable American and Chinese leaders who will Co-Chair this effort.Hillary Clinton and Tim Geithner are two of my closest advisors, and they both have extraordinary experience working with China.I know that they will have extremely capable and committed Chinese counterparts in State Councilor Dai and Vice Premier Wang.I also look forward to the confirmation of an outstanding U.S.Ambaador to China, Governor Jon Huntsman.Jon has deep experience living and working in Asia, and – unlike me – he speaks fluent Mandarin Chinese.He also happens to be a Republican who co-chaired Senator McCain’s campaign.I think that demonstrates Jon’s commitment to serving his country, and the broad, bipartisan support for positive and productive relations between the United States and China.Today, we meet in a building that speaks to the history of the last century.It houses a national memorial to President Woodrow Wilson, a man who held office when the 20th century was still young, and America’s leadership in the world was emerging.It is named for Ronald Reagan, a man who came of age during two World Wars, and whose presidency helped usher in a new era of history.And it holds a piece of the Berlin Wall, a decades-long symbol of division that was finally torn down, unleashing a rising tide of globalization that continues to shape our world.One hundred years ago – in the early days of the 20th century – it was clear that there were momentous choices to be made – choices about the borders of nations and the rights of human beings.But in Woodrow Wilson’s day, no one could have foreseen the arc of history that led to a wall coming down in Berlin, nor could they have imagined the conflict and upheaval that characterized the years in between.For people everywhere – from Boston to Beijing – the 20th century was a time of great progre, but that progre also came with a great price.Today, we look out on the horizon of a new century.And as we launch this dialogue, it is important for us to reflect upon the questions that will shape the 21st century.Will growth be stalled by events like our current crisis, or will we cooperate to create balanced and sustainable growth, lifting more people out of poverty and creating a broader prosperity? Will the need for energy breed competition and climate change, or will we build partnerships to produce clean power and to protect our planet? Will nuclear weapons spread unchecked, or will we forge a new consensus to use this power for only peaceful purposes? Will extremists be able to stir conflict and division, or will we unite on behalf of our shared security? Will nations and peoples define themselves solely by their differences, or can we find the common ground neceary to meet our common challenges, and to respect the dignity of every human being?
We cannot predict with certainty what the future will bring, but we can be certain about the iues that will define our times.And we also know this: the relationship between the United States and China will shape the 21st century, which makes it as important as any bilateral relationship in the world.That reality must underpin our partnership.That is the responsibility we bear.As we look to the future, we can learn from our past – for history shows us that both our nations benefit from engagement that is grounded in mutual interests and mutual respect.During my time in office, we will mark the 40th anniversary of President Nixon’s trip to China.At that time, the world was much different than it is today.America had fought three wars in East Asia in just thirty years, and the Cold War was in a stalemate.China’s economy was cut off from the world, and a huge percentage of the Chinese people lived in extreme poverty.Back then, our dialogue was guided by a narrow focus on our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a comprehensive relationship that reflects the deepening ties among our people.Our countries have now shared relations for longer than we were estranged.Our people interact in so many ways.And I believe that we are poised to make steady progre on some of the most important iues of our times.My confidence is rooted in the fact that the United States and China share mutual interests.If we advance those interests through cooperation, our people will benefit, and the world will be better off – because our ability to partner with each other is a prerequisite for progre on many of the most preing global challenges.First, we can cooperate to advance our mutual interest in a lasting economic recovery.The current crisis has made it clear that the choices made within our borders reverberate acro the global economy – and this is true not just of New York and Seattle, but Shanghai and Shenzhen as well.That is why we must remain committed to strong bilateral and multilateral coordination.And that is the example we have set by acting aggreively to restore growth, prevent a deeper receion and save jobs for our people.Going forward, we can deepen this cooperation.We can promote financial stability through greater transparency and regulatory reform.We can pursue trade that is free and fair, and seek to conclude an ambitious and balanced Doha Round agreement.We can update international institutions so that growing economies like China play a greater role that matches their greater responsibility.And as Americans save more and Chinese are able to spend more, we can put growth on a more sustainable foundation-because just as China has benefited from substantial investment and profitable exports, China can also be an enormous market for American goods.Second, we can cooperate to advance our mutual interest in a clean, secure, and prosperous energy future.The United States and China are the two largest consumers of energy in the world.We are also the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world.Let’s be frank: neither of us profits from a growing dependence on foreign oil, nor can we spare our people from the ravages of climate change unle we cooperate.Common sense calls upon us to act.Both of our countries are taking steps to transform our energy economies.Together we can chart a low carbon recovery;we can expand joint efforts at research and development to promote the clean and efficient use of energy;and we can work together to forge a global response at the Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen and beyond.And the best way to foster the innovation that can increase our security and prosperity is to keep our markets open to new ideas, new exchanges, and new sources of energy.Third, we can cooperate to advance our mutual interests in stopping the spread of nuclear weapons.Make no mistake: the more nations acquire these weapons, the more likely it is that they will be used.Neither America nor China has an interest in a terrorist acquiring a bomb, or a nuclear arms race breaking out in East Asia.That is why we must continue our collaboration to achieve the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and make it clear to North Korea that the path to security and respect can be traveled if they meet their obligations.And that is why we must also be united in preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, and urging the Islamic Republic to live up to its international obligations.This is not about singling out any one nation – it is about the responsibility of all nations.Together, we must cooperate to secure all vulnerable nuclear materials around the world, which will be a focus of our Global Nuclear Summit next year.And together, we must strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty by renewing its basic bargain: countries with nuclear weapons will move toward disarmament;countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them;and all countries can acce peaceful nuclear energy.A balance of terror cannot hold.In the 21st century, a strong and global regime is the only basis for security from the world’s deadliest weapons.And fourth, we can cooperate to advance our mutual interests in confronting transnational threats.The most preing dangers we face no longer come from competition among great powers – they come from extremists who murder innocents;from traffickers and pirates who pursue their own profit at the expense of others;from disease that knows no borders;and from suffering and civil wars that breed instability and terror.These are the threats of the 21st century.And that is why the pursuit of power among nations must no longer be seen as a zero-sum game.Progre – including security – must be shared.Through increased ties between our militaries, we can diminish causes for dispute while providing a framework for cooperation.Through continued intelligence-sharing, we can disrupt terrorist plots and dismantle terrorist networks.Through early warning and coordination, we can check the spread of disease.And through determined diplomacy, we must meet our responsibility to seek the peaceful resolution of conflict – and that can begin with a renewed push to end the suffering in Darfur, and to promote a comprehensive peace in Sudan.All of these iues are rooted in the fact that no one nation can meet the challenges of the 21st century on its own, nor effectively advance its interests in isolation.It is this fundamental truth that compels us to cooperate.I have no illusions that the United States and China will agree on every iue, nor choose to see the world in the same way.But that only makes dialogue more important – so that we can know each other better, and communicate our concerns with candor.For instance, the United States respects the progre that China has made by lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.Just as we respect China’s ancient culture and remarkable achievements, we also strongly believe that the religion and culture of all peoples must be respected and protected, and that all people should be free to speak their minds.That includes ethnic and religious minorities in China, as surely as it includes minorities within the United States.Support for human rights and human dignity is ingrained in America.Our nation is made up of immigrants from every part of the world.We have protected our unity and struggled to perfect our union by extending basic rights to all our people.Those rights include the freedom to speak your mind;to worship your God;and to choose your leaders.These are not things that we seek to impose – this is who we are.It guides our openne to one another, and to the world.China has its own distinct story that shapes its own worldview.And Americans know the richne of China’s history because it has helped to shape the world.We know the talent of the Chinese people because they have helped to shape America – my own cabinet contains two Chinese Americans.And we know that despite our differences, America is enriched through deeper ties with a country of 1.3 billion people that is at once ancient and dynamic – ties that can be forged through increased exchanges among our people, and constructive bilateral relations between our governments.That is how we will narrow our divisions.Let’s be honest: we know that some are wary of the future.Some in China think that America will try to contain China’s ambitions;some in America think that there is something to fear in a rising China.I take a different view.I believe in a future where China is a strong, prosperous and succeful member of the community of nations;a future when our nations are partners out of neceity, but also out of opportunity.This future is not fixed, but it is a destination that can be reached if we pursue a sustained dialogue like the one that you will commence today, and act on what we hear and what we learn.Thousands of years ago, the great philosopher Mencius(men-shus)said: “A trail through the mountains, if used, becomes a path in a short time, but, if unused, becomes blocked by gra in an equally short time.” Our task is to forge a path to the future that we seek for our children – to prevent mistrust or the inevitable differences of the moment from allowing that trail to be blocked by gra;to always be mindful of the journey that we are undertaking together.This Dialogue will help determine the ultimate destination of that journey.It represents a commitment to shape our young century through sustained cooperation, not confrontation.I look forward to carrying this effort forward through my first visit to China, where I hope to come to know better your leaders, your people, and your majestic country.Together, I am confident that we can move steadily in the direction of progre, and meet our responsibility to our people, and to the future that we will share.Thank you.
