英语演讲选修课Vchapter 9 supporting_英语演讲选修课

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chapter 9 supporting

Three kinds of supporting materials

 examples 实例

 testimony 证词

statistics统计数据

Hypothetical example

 An example that describes an imagery or fictitious situation 描述的是想象或虚构的情

形

Tips for using examples

1.Use examples to clarify your ideas说明

2.Use examples to reinforce your ideas强化

3.Use examples to personalize your ideas使思想个人化

II． Testimony

 Testimony---quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.引用或释义的用于支持

观点的话

---Expert testimony 专家证词

---Peer testimony普通人证词

Tips for Using testimony

1.quote or paraphrase accurately: make sure you do not misquote someone;make sure you do not violate the meaning of statements you paraphrase;make sure you do not quote out of context

2.Use testimony from qualified sources.That is, use testimony from recognized experts or ordinary citizens with special experience on the speech topic.3.Use testimony from unbiased sources.Be sure to use testimony from credible, competent, objective authorities.4.Identify the people you quote or paraphrase.The usual way to identify your source is to name the person and sketch her or his qualifications before presenting the testimony

ask yourself the following two questions:

Are the statistics representative?

Are the statistics from a reliable source?



Tips for using statistics

1.Use statistics to quantity your ideas

2.Use statistics sparingly

3.Identify the source of your statistics

4.Explain your statistics

5.Round off complicated statistics

6.Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends