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A total of 48 schools in central and eastern China who aim to upgrade their designated

learning institution status paed the preliminary evaluation by the Ministry of Education, the complete list of names released to the public on December 29.As outlined by the ministry, in order for a learning institution to be considered for university status in China, standards include having over 100 profeors, over 8,000 enrolled undergrads, at least 10 different masters degree programs, as well as specific credential requirements for instructors and number of national awards.Liu Shaohuai, secretary of the Party committee at Yunnan University in Kunming, Yunann Province, was quoted by the Kunming-based Chuncheng Evening News as explaining that a school upgrade, such as from a college to university, helps in improving its education strength and quality, as well as strengthening its reputation and influence.However, it is still unclear that name changes are effective or how stringently the standards are upheld by the Ministry, amounting to nothing more than repackaging the same institution to attract students and increased government funding.Do you see the upgrade proce as effective in improving its quality of education or merely a form of marketing?

Song Jun

A first-year sociology graduate student at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan

Being awarded a status change is key for schools looking to improve their reputation.Because most high school students prefer having the word “university” over “college” when they apply, a name change will boost enrollment.If enrollment goes up, the school will be able to employ better teachers, thus improving its reputation.Liu Ting

A busine administration senior at China University of Petroleum, Beijing

A school's strength doesn't depend on what its name is.Take Maachusetts Institute of Technology for example.It doesn't have the word “university” in its name, but it is still a prestigious institution sought after by many students all over the world.Wang Qi

Aociate profeor at Hebei Normal University

The proce involved in getting an upgrade is positive to the school's development, because as a “university”, the school has to improve their campus, courses and faculty in order to do so.Prof.Wang

at China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing

Changing from a “college” into “university” in title gives others an impreion that the school has been improved.But the strength of a school lies in its education quality, not its name.Some schools especially add eye-catching words such as “finance and economics” or “politics and law” to their names, but whether this is reflecting any actual change is questionable.The education department should tighten up their evaluation of schools applying for an upgrade As China outperformed the rest of the world economically during the financial crisis,optimism about the country's progre soared--and self-satisfaction has followed.I worry that as a result the country's internal push for reforms has stalled.That's not good, for China's apparent strengths mask some serious underlying weaknees.The area in which China needs reform most is education.Richard Levin, the president of Yale University, predicts that within 25 years several Chinese universities will be ranked among the world's top 10 and compete with Ivy League schools.Is there a reason for such a prediction, or is Levin just trying to scare his alumni into donating more to stay competitive?

Sure, there have been improvements, but not nearly on the scale Levin implies.China's profeors and the research they do are indeed becoming world-cla.The government earmarks 1.5% of gro domestic product for spending on higher education, and it has made it a specific goal to recruit some of the world's top minds by building world-cla laboratories and giving them very generous funding.Many of my clamates from

Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences have been actively recruited, and some of them are now profeors at Peking University and China's other top universities.To get the Chinese version of tenure, profeors must get published in world-cla journals in English;publication in Chinese journals doesn't count.These are all encouraging signs.They are the first thrust toward a Chinese institution cracking the world's top tier.However, an educational system can't become great on the merits of a few faculty

members who were mostly trained abroad and their research, awards and patents.It has

to be equipping students with the thinking skills that will allow them to compete with

graduates anywhere in the world and create the next Google(GOOGpeople)or Apple(AAPLpeople).By that measure, China's universities aren't succeeding.Too many multinational corporations can't find enough highly skilled white-collar workers in the country.In

interviews my firm, the China Market Research Group, conducts every year with senior executives at foreign companies in China, we hear a common complaint that younger workers just don't think analytically enough, despite being intelligent and earnest.It's incredible, when you consider that the number of university graduates has risen from 1 million a year a decade ago to more than 6 million this year.Former U.S.aistant secretary of education Chester Finn recently wrote in TheWall

Street Journal that the average Chinese college applicant has spent 30% more time in the claroom than his American counterpart--and that's not including considerable time in enrichment claes after school and on weekends.Finn cites that figure as something the U.S.should emulate.I could not disagree more.The amount of time in cla is not the iue;the quality of that time is, and there the Chinese education system is lacking.Here are the three areas where reform should be concentrated:

First, students should be allowed to apply to colleges and then choose their majors later on, based on their interests.Currently they have to apply when they are 18 years old for a specific major at a specific school, the way Ph.D.students apply to postgraduate

programs in the U.S., and then they study that subject alone for four years.If they don't get accepted by their chosen academic department, they don't get in to the university.The result is that they try to game the system, applying for the major they think will get them into their university of choice rather than the one that actually interests them.The way curricula are designed, they rarely get to take electives, so they develop is no

multidisciplinary depth.Many students realize before long that they don't want to study biology or accounting after all, but they find they have no choice.This is a big reason there has been a recent boom in private training schools for young profeionals.Second, universities need to work more closely with companies like Microsoft(MSFTpeople)and Intel(INTCpeople)to develop curricula and work-study programs.They need to become le theoretical and more practical in their aspirations.Not all students can become great thinkers, but all students need to learn how to earn money and support themselves.Colleges can do more to help with that by beefing up their career departments, aiding students in presenting themselves to prospective employers and forging better relationships with businees.Finally, China's universities should make more effort to teach students to think critically.Too much learning is done by rote, and by taking in lectures and reading aignments with little or no discuion.Too many claes are graded solely on the basis of large multiple-choice exams, and there is little claroom interaction.Chinese graduate students need to spend more time teaching, with proper preparation, to improve the quality of instruction at the university level.A better trained corps of teaching fellows could lighten profeors' loads and cut down cla sizes significantly.That would make poible claroom discuions, allowing students to form their own thoughts and debate them.Chinese universities can't simply recruit their way to international prominence.They need to do far more to train their students to think, or their graduates will continue to fall short of employers' expectations--and China's own competitivene on the world stage will suffer, too.Shaun Rein is the founder and managing director of the China Market Research Group, a strategic market intelligence firm.He writes for Forbes on leadership, marketing and China.