高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案(老师版)讲解_高考英语语法填空教案

高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案(老师版)讲解由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高考英语语法填空教案”。

高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案

一、关于纯空格形式

1、根据语境判断词义

通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义,此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是,有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义,但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。

判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。

(1定义法:定义法是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义,这类词主要是名词,如: We are all in the position of the_______.If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest.If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we’ll get a usele crop.If we don’t plant anything, we’ll harvest nothing at all.答案:farmer。解释:通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫、农民”,特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。

(2对比法:对比法指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义,通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断,如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。如: There are more _____________ teachers in my schools than men teachers.答案:women。解释:通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”,即名词women作定语修饰teachers。

(3因果法:指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如:

The museum was so______ that it will be impoible to see all the exhibits in one day.答案:large。解释:根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。

(4语境线索:即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如: One day mother looked at Nick’s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes.How _____ they are!You must clean them”.答案:dirty。解释:根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处词义

2、根据句子成分确定词性

对于纯空格形式的填空,在确定词义后,还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析:(1主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当,有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如: From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _____.答案:themselves。解释:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主语是they,谓语是are free,to relax and enjoy _____是目的状语,在这个状语中缺宾语,再根据语境“周末时自由放松”,所以要使用反身代词themselves。

(2谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后,要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要求每空只填一词,所以时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。如: She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always _________ by his side whether he is poor or rich.答案:stands。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词,根据语境,此空含义是“站在(他身边”,即stand。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时,由于主语是she,所以使用第三人称单数stands。

但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词,如: At midnight, I woke up to find the wife ________ soundly in her man’s embrace.I could see the smile of security on her face.答案:sleeping。解释:此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡”,所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式充当补语。

(3表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。如: Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala___________ to millions of viewers.答案:live。解释:此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast…live意为“现场直播”。

(4状语主要由副词充当。如: He dug fo r 12 hours…24 hours._______,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice.答案:Eventually /Finally。解释:此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于,最后”,由于是修饰后面的整个句子,所以使用副词形式。

3、根据句子类型确定词类

若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号,可以判断,一定是填连词。连词有两类,一种是并列连词,一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有

以下几种句型:(1 并列句:并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and、转折关系(but、选择关系(or、因果关系(so等。如: “There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong.These students could not speak Cantonese at first, ______ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them” said Chueng.答案:so。解释:根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系,所以使用so。句意为“这些学生不会讲广州话,所以,为了跟他们交朋友,我不得不讲普通话”。

(2 状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。如: _______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed.There was no aby.Just six inches down there was a rock.答案:As/When。解释:根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词,从第一句的含义来看,是表示时间的状语从句,所以使用as/when。

(3 名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,如果缺以上成分,一般情况下要使用what,有时可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用that,意思不完整的则考虑where, why, how, because等。如: I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple.They were ordinary in every respect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.答案:what。解释:此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语,所以使用what。

(4定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分,再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个

引导词。如: However, Cheung, _______ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.答案:who。解释:此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人Cheung(张, 引导词在从句中作主语,所以使用who。

4、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等

固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点,只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。如: V olunteer work plays an important _______in America’s high school education.答案:part。解释:此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。

但要有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度,在短语之间插入其他一些成分,或将固定连用的短语分隔开来,这一点也需注意。

Some parents tried to pull him off the school’s ruins, saying, “It’s too late!They are all dead!There is nothing you can do!” ________each parent he responded with the same line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.答案:To。解释:此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放在了句首,短语被拆开,所以难度加大了许多。

二、提供单词原形的空格

1、括号内提供的是动词

当括号内提供的是动词时,主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。

(1当考查的是谓语时,首先要判断其时态和语态。如: Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.答案:rejoined。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。

(2如果考查非谓语,要判断非谓语在句中的成分,根据不同成分使用适当的形式,其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多,有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式或名词,如: Ten years ago, Jeica Cheung was only 13._________(live with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.答案:Living。解释:此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活作原因状语,与逻辑主语she是主动关系,所以使用现在分词living。

2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词

如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是判断考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是判断考察形容词,即要变成形容词形式。如: “Thirty-five cents,” she said___________(rude.答案:rudely。解释:此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。

但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如: At last, her courage and _________(wise impreed both the CEO and Princeton University.答案:wisdom。解释:括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。

3、括号内提供的是名词

当括号内提供的是名词时,一般判断考查形容词,如: There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder because there’s a slight echo to it.答案:wonderful。解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。

但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如: A certain man planted a rose and watered it______(faith and before it bloomed, he examined it.答案:faithfully。解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空是作状语,修饰动词water,所以要变成副词。注意:先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。

【实例分析】 实例1:(广东卷

I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car 1(break down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house.Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 4(settle into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometres away 6 there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hoste's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey.We drank together and talked 8(merry till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10.短文解读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在外旅行的一次经历。大意是:在一个穷乡僻壤的小山村附近,作者的车坏了。幸运的是,他受到了村民的热情款待,并在一老太太家里度过了一个愉快的晚上。

【答案与解析】

1、答案:broke。解析:此处考查一般过去式及动词不规则变化的用法。句子属于典型句型be doing …when…结构,在when引导的句子中谓语要使用一般过去时,空格处单词是谓语功能,所以使用break的过去式broken。

2、答案:who。解析:此处考查宾语从句的引导词who的用法。空格前是介词短语as to(至于、关于,空格后是谓语及宾语,根据句子结构,空格处明显是主语,而且指人,所以使用who,其引导的从句作介词短语as to的宾语。

3、答案:as。解析:此处考查短语的固定搭配用法。Receive sb as…意为“把某人当作、、、、、、来接待”,句意为“当我在怨天尤人、想着该到哪过夜时,我意识到聚集在我周围的村民正在争论谁有幸在家里接待我这个贵宾”。

4、答案:settled。解析:此处考查过去分词作宾补的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主语是she ,谓语是was getting,宾语是me,空格处单词是补语作用,逻辑主语me与settle是被动关系,即“被安置下来”,所以要使用过去分词。

5、答案:a。解析:此处考查不定冠词的用法。从语境看,此处表示泛指,意为“一个小镇”。

6、答案:where。解析:此处考查定语从句的引导词where的用法。从句子结构看,先行词是a small town(some 20 kilometers away作定语,空格处为定语从句的引导词,在从句中作地点状语,所以使用关系副词where。意为“那里(小镇上有个修车厂”。

7、答案:other。解析:此处考查不定代词的用法。根据语境,是“其他”村民给我送来goat's cheese and honey,所以使用other。

8、答案:merrily。解析:此处考查副词作状语的用法及副词的构词规则。根据句子结构,空格处单词修饰谓语动词talked,括号内提供的词是形容词,因此要变成副词形式。意为“高兴地谈到深夜”。

9、答案:for。解析:此处考查介词for表示原因的用法。reward sb.for sth意为“因、、、、、、而酬谢/报答某人”。

10、答案:her。解析:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,空格处单词在定语从