名词性从句专题教案_名词性从句教案

名词性从句专题教案由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“名词性从句教案”。

名词性从句

Step 1 名词性从句定义

1.目的：了解什么是名词性从句，名词性从句包括哪些。（通过对比造句，分析句子结构，找出名词充当的句子成分。）2.例句：以name为例： My name is Sunny.(作主语)Sunny is my name.（作表语）I write down my name.（作表语）

Sunny，my name，is given by my English teacher.（作同位语）注：何谓同位语？

一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。3.什么是从句？ 4.引导词有哪些？

Step 2 连接词

连接词 ： that、if、whether 连接代词 ：what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which 连接副词： when、where、how、why 注：各种连接词的用法：

1.连接词 that、whether、if 不在它们引导的主语从句 中充当句子成分。

2.连接代词who、whose、what、which等都在句子中担当一个句子成 分。比如：主语、宾语、表语、定语等等。

3.关系副词when、where、how、why、how long等分别在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、方式状语等等。

Step 3 主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句

 主语从句（The Subject Clause）

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。1.That从句  放句首

That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。

That they are good at English is known to us.他们擅长英语是我们都知道的。That the earth is round is true.地球是圆的是真理。That prices will go up is certain.物价要上涨是肯定的。 it作为形式主语

A.It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, poible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。

It is neceary that…有必要… It is important that…重要的是… It is obvious that…很显然….It is natural that they should have different views.他们有不同的观点是很正常的。It is strange that he knows nothing about it.很奇怪，他对此竟一无所知。It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C.It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。

It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。

D.It+seems, happens等不及物动词及短语+that从句。

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It seems that you are right.似乎你是对的。

It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

E.It doesn’t matter(makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2.Wh-从句——在句中充当成分，不省略。

How the book will sell depends on its author.书的销售如何取决于作者本人。When he will come back depends on the weather.他什么时候回来取决于天气。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

 It可做形式主语

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。

It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。

 宾语从句（The Object Clause）

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.that从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

I am sure(that)he will pa the exam.我确信他会通过考试。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。2.wh-从句

用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。I can’t imagine how he did it.我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。3.作介词宾语

It all depend on how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该做什么而烦恼。

4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。

例如： he studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）

I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

例如： We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。

 表语从句（The Predicative Clause）

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： 1.that从句

The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上六点出发。2.wh-从句

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

The reason why he was late was that he mied the train by one minute this morning The problem is where we should stay.问题是我们应该待在哪里。

 同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，不可省略。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、meage、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word抽象名词等。

The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。

My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答案。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。

 Whether/if引导的从句

意思为“是否”，其功能和wh-从句相同。陈述句语序

a.当主语从句放在句首时，只能用whether引导，不用if。当it作为形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，whether和if均可。

Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.=The problem is whether the meeting will be given.是否要开会仍然是个问题。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.他是否要来令人怀疑。b.表语从句和同位语从句，只能用whether引导，不用if。

The point is whether we should lend him the money.观点是我们是否要借给他钱。

The question is whether we can find enough room to fit this equipment in.问题是我们是否能找到足够的房间安装这些装置。

c.如果宾语从句有or not时，只能用whether，且whether多用于宾语从句的肯定式，而if也可用于宾语从句的否定式中。I don’t care whether/if he comes or not.I don’t care whether or not he comes.I asked him if he hadn’t decided what to say.d.discu后的宾语只能用whether引导

We’re discuing whether the medicine will cause side effect.e.doubt表示“怀疑”时，主句是肯定句，宾从用whether或者if都可以，但如果主句是否定句，宾语从句只能用that引导，且含义不同

I doubt whether/if he is a thief.我不敢肯定他是不是个小偷。I don’t doubt that he is a thief.我确信他是个小偷。

I doubt that he is a thief.他是小偷吗，我对此表示怀疑。f.宾从中，在介词之后只用whether，不用if It depends on whether you can do the work well.那就要取决于你是否能做好这项工作。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Practice：

1._______ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2.I am not sure ______ he will come here or not.3.This decision will have effect on ______ or not he will succeed.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面

一、从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, poibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词.而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句.如:

1）News has reached us that he was admitted into Beijing University.我们得到消息说他被北大录取(同位语从句)2）The news he told us is not true.他告诉我们的消息是不真实的.(定语从句)[高考回放]

1).Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the cla_____ he had to meet his uncle at the air port.（06重庆）

A.why B.that

C.where D.because [赏析]：答案B.该题易误选A, 误以为是why 引导的定语从句。但仔细分析可以看出这里the reason 已与“for being absent form the cla”搭配，即“缺课的原因”故为他that引导的同位语从句，具体解释说明his reason.二.从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: 1.Do you know the fact that he was diagnosed with cancer? 你知道他被诊断患有癌症这个事实吗

(同位语从句,补充说明promise具体内容.)

2．These are the facts he collected about her crime 这些便是他收集关于他犯罪的证据

(定语从句,facts在从句中作collected的宾语.)[高考回放] 1）．（06天津）There is much chance _____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.that B.which C.until D.if [赏析]：答案A.that 是引导词，引出同位语从句，具体解释说明 chance 的内容。2）．(’02上海春季)Is this the reason _____at the meeting for his carelene in his work? A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained [赏析]：答案A 为定语从句，关系代词that/which 被省略了。三.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句.如: 1．That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑.(同位语从句)2．I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事.(同位语从句)

引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略.that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替.如:

3．The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了.(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略..)

4．The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组.(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略.)

[高考回放]

1).(06安徽)A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.安徽 A.if B.when C.that D.which [赏析]：答案C.that引导同位语从句，具体解释说明thought 的具体内容，2)(06江苏).The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A.who B.that C.as D.which [赏析]答案D.which 引导非限定性定语从句，指“The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”这件事。强化练习：

1.Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(04上海春招)

A.which B.that C.what D.whether

2.Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.(04北京春招)A.it B.that C.this D.which

3..We're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东)A.where B.that C.when D.which 4..The Beatles,______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool(06天津)A.what B.that C.how D.as 5.——Do you have anything to say for yourselves?(06江西)——Yes, that's one point——we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D./ 6.1.Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't.（06北京）

A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填表;不填 7..-It's thirty years since we last met.（06四川）

-But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.when 8.She was educated at Beijing University,________ She went on to have her advanced study abroad.（06陕西）

A.after which B.from which C.from that D.after that 9.Anyway ,that evening, _____I ’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place（’04浙江）

A.when B.where C.what D.which 10．York, ___ last year, is nice old city.(’03北京)A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D.in which I visited 参考答案：

1-5BDAAD6-10 C DADB