机电专业英语第2版电子教案Unit 13_机电专业英语第2版

2020-02-27 教案模板 下载本文

机电专业英语第2版电子教案Unit 13由刀豆文库小编整理,希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便,猜你可能喜欢“机电专业英语第2版”。

Unit 13 Alternating current I.Lead in 1.What’s an alternating current?

2.What’s the most common wave in AC? 3.In AC circuits, is the instantaneous power equal to the average power? 4.Which portion of power flow is known as active power/reactive power? 5.What is the relationship among real, reactive and apparent power?

II.Word Study 1.accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-] vt.完成;实现;达到

1)accomplish one’s aim, a task 达到目的、完成任务

2)A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective.系统就是为实现一个目标而共同工作的一组部件。

3)Set priorities.Accomplish the most important tasks first, and avoid physical overexertion.把握好轻重缓急。首先完成最重要的任务,并防止身体过度疲劳 2.analogous [ə'næləɡəs] adj.类似的,相似的;可比拟的(to,with)【计算机】模拟的;【生物学】同功的;【自动化】模拟的1)The two procees are not analogous.这两种过程不相似。2)The present crisis is analogous with the situation immediately before the war.目前的危机与大战前夕的形势类似。

3.distinct [dis'tiŋkt] adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的 1)The footprints are quite distinct;they must be fresh.足迹清晰易辨,一定是不久前留下来的。

2)I had the distinct impreion that I was being watched.我很明显地感觉到有人在监视我。

3)The was a distinct sense of embarrament in the air.周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。4.manifest ['mænifest] vt.证明,表明;显示vi.显示,出现n.载货单,货单;旅客名单adj.显然的,明显的;明白的1)manifest the truth of a statement 证明某说法属实 2)manifest fear, hatred, etc 显示恐惧、憎恨等 3)She manifested little interest in her studies.她对学习显得没有什么兴趣。

5.distort [dis'tɔ: t] vt.扭曲;使失真;曲解vi.扭曲;变形

1)a heap of distorted metal 一堆变了形的金属东西 2)a face distorted by pain 因疼痛而扭曲的脸

6.reversal [ri'və: səl] n.逆转; [摄] 反转; [法] 撤销

1)a dramatic reversal of her earlier decision 她的突然改变决定

2)a reversal of the usual procedures, tendencies, opinions 常规的颠倒、趋势的扭转、意见的转变

3)Much of the recent reversal in the global movement of capital , goods and jobs has been directly due to the financial crisis.近来全球资本、商品和就业趋势的逆转,很大程度上是金融危机的直接后果。

III.Language points 1.An alternative current(AC)is an electrical current whose magnitude and direction vary cyclically, as opposed to direct current,whose direction remains constant.译文:直流电流的流动方向是保持不变的,交流电与它不同,交流电是指电流的大小和方向都会作周期性地变化。

说明:as opposed to:与…对照;与…对比e.g.I am here on busine as opposed to a holiday.我在这里是办公事而不是度假。

“vary” means “change”(改变,变动,变化)e.g.1)Our routine never varies.我们的常规从无变化。2)Prices vary with the seasons.物价随季节而变动。

3)work with varying degrees of enthusiasm 工作积极性有所不同

2.The sine wave is the most common wave in AC and sometimes we refer to sine AC as AC in short.译文:正弦波是交流电最常见的波形,有时我们把正弦交流电简称为交流电。

说明:in short 总之;简言之 e.g.1)Things couldn’t be worse, financially: in short, they’re bankrupt.在财务方面已经糟得不能再糟了:总之一句话,他们破产了。

2)In short, a confident company is a succeful company.简言之,自信造就成功的公司。3)It is, in short, a risky busine.简言之,这是一项颇具风险的任务。

3.The angular frequency ω is related to the physical frequency f which represents the number of oscillations per second(unit: hertz), by the equation:

ω=2ω=2

译文:角频率与物理频率f即每秒振荡的次数(单位:赫兹)有关,有;

说明:be related to 与…有关e.g.1)It pays to be nice to your family.You’ll always be related to them.对家人好是值得的, 你一辈子都离不开他们。

2)I think that financial succe can be related to doing what you love, but it’s not always the case.我认为经济成功和自己喜爱做的事可以有关但也不一定。

3)One thing to remember is that your yearly goal should be related to your life miion.Otherwise, there is a miing link between the lifetime and yearly levels.要记住的一点是,你的年度目标应该和生活目的有关。否则的话,终生层面和每年层面的连接就断开了。

4.The voltage and current are both sinusoids in AC circuits, however, the instantaneous power, which is still the product of voltage and current, changes with time and is not equal to the average power.译文:但在交流电路中,电压和电流都是正弦量,瞬时功率仍然是电压和电流的乘积,随时间变化而变化的,瞬时功率并不等于平均功率。

说明:be equal to等于 e.g.1)The horizontal forces must be equal to each other.水平力必须彼此平衡。

2)If fun and pleasure are equal to happine, then pain must be equal to unhappine.如果乐趣和愉悦就等于幸福的话,那么痛苦就一定等于不幸。

3)Archimedes principle states that the volume of water displaced must be equal to the volume of the object.阿基米德定律说明排开的水的体积必等于被放入物体的体积。

5.In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductance and capacitance may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow.译文:在交流电路中,储存能量的元件如电感和电容(只能储存或释放能量),引起能量流做周期性的往返流动。

说明:such as 像;诸如;例如e.g.1)Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了。

2)Our discuions were all about iues such as education and climate change.我们讨论的都是像教育和气候变化这样的问题。

3)Indicators of financial stre outside housing, such as delinquencies on car loans and credit cards, are rising.房地产之外的财务压力指标正在上升,比如汽车贷款和信用卡债拖欠。

result in 产生某种作用或结果 e.g.1)Our efforts resulted in succe.我们的努力终于成功了。

2)Also, the production and use of goods may result in outcomes like pollution or social costs.同样,产品的生产和使用也可能导致诸如污染或社会成本提高等后果。

6.That portion of power flow due to stored energy that returns to the source in each cycle is known as reactive power.译文:而由于存储元件(储能时)引起的那部分能量流,在每个周期的(放能时)要流回电源的,称为电抗性功率(中文称无功功率)。

说明:due to由于 e.g.1)The force due to the motion of molecules tends to keep them apart.由于分子运动而引起的力倾向于使分子保持分开。

2)This year firms have cut their hiring due to the economic crisis.今年由于金融危机的影响,公司纷纷减少雇佣人数。

IV Translating Skills

定语从句的译法

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,译法一般有三种:

一、前置译法

将较短的定语从句译成汉语的定语词组或带“的”字结构,放在所修饰的中心词之前,从而使从句和主句合成一个句子,这就是前置译法。前置译法主要用于一些结构简单,但对先行词限制较强的定语从句,既适用于翻译限制性定语从句,也适用于翻译非限制性定语从句。例如:

The resistance of any conductor depends not alone on the material of which it is made.任何导体的电阻不仅取决于制造这导体的材料。

The electromotive force that causes the current is measured in volts named after Volta, the Italian scientist.产生电流的电动势是以伏特为单位来测量的,该单位是以意大利科学家Volta来命名的。

the function that is by far the most useful is the sinusoid. 到目前为止最有用的函数是正弦函数。

二、分译法

分译法指将定语从句与先行词分开,把定语从句译成和主句并列的一个分句。当定语从句结构复杂,或其只对先行词进行描写、叙述或解释,而不加限制时,如果将其译成汉语的前置定语,则不符合汉语的表达习惯。此时,可采用分译法。分译法既适用于翻译限制性定语从句,也适用于翻译非限制性定语从句,尤其是后者。

Transformers designed for audio frequency use must be capable of transmitting current over a wide frequency range, in contrast to a power transformer which transmits current over a narrow frequency band.设计用于音频的变压器必须能够在一个宽频带内传送电流,这点与电力变压器正好相反,后者在一个狭窄的频带内传输电流。

The pioneering work done by TRW was noticed by many computer manufacturers, who saw a large potential market for their products.由TRW所做的开拓性的工作引起了许多计算机制造商的关注,他们看到了他们的产品具有很大的发展市场。

That accords with Lenz’s law, which states that an induced current always has a direction such as to oppose the cause which produces it.这与楞次定律一致,即感应电流的方向总是与产生它的磁通量的变化量的方向相反。

The AF signal is amplified and then converted into sound power by the loudspeaker, which sends out sound waves.音频信号经放大后,由扬声器转换成声音功率,并发出声波。

Salt is crystallized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.盐是海水结晶形成的,这被视为一种物理变化。

Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.电视——最普及和最有影响力的现代技术,以快速变化和发展为标志,正在步入一个新时代,即:一个极为成熟和多样化的时代,这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

三、翻译成状语从句

英语中有些定语从句,兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系,翻译时应善于从英语原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系。例如:

Liquids, which contains no free electrons, are poor conductors of heat.各种液体,由于不含有自由电子,是热的不良导体。

Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot do creative work and replace human.尽管电脑有很多优势,但还是不能做创造性的工作,不能代替人。For any substance whose formula is known, a ma corresponding to the formula can be computed.不管什么物质,只要知道其分子式,就能求出与分子式相应的质量。The considerable succe of these studies has brought a theoretical unity to the whole field of organic chemistry which has the effect of making its principle easier to teach and to learn.这些研究的重大成就给有机化学的整个领域带来了理论上的统一,从而使有机化学原理的教和学变得较为容易。

V.Key to Exercises of the text.I.1.peak voltage

2.linear, time—invariant circuit

3.angular frequency

4.root mean square(RMS)

5.reactive power

6.apparent power

7.transient analysis II.1.T

2.F

3.F

4.F

Key to Exercises of the reading.1.三相对称系统 2.正相序

3.负相序 4.线电压

5.线电流

VI.阅读材料参考译文

三相电路

含有不同相位的正弦电压源的电路称为多相系统。这个概念的重要性在于多数发电机和配电网都是用多相系统实现的。最常用的多相系统是三相对称系统,它的瞬时输出功率为常数,因此发电时可以减小带动发电机的机器(例如汽轮机、水轮机)的振动。

星形连接的三相电源的连接图如图13.4所示,a,b,c三端称为相线(火线)端,n端称为中线端。如果相电压van(t), vbn(t), vcn(t)(或相量Van, Vbn, Vcn)的幅度相等即Van=Vbn=Vcn,且三个电压之和等于0即van(t)+vbn(t)+vcn(t)=0或相量式Van+Vbn+Vcn=0,则称这个电源为三相对称电源。• • •

• 6

设每个电压源的电压幅度为V,如果我们取Van的初相位为0,即van(t)=V sin(ωt+0)或Van = V∠0,则一个对称的电源可能出现以下两种可能的情况。

第1种情况

第2种情况

van(t)=V sin(ωt+0)

van(t)=V sin(ωt+0)

vbn(t)=V sin(ωt-120)

vcn(t)=V sin(ωt-120)

vcn(t)=V sin(ωt-240)

vbn(t)=V sin(ωt-240)

。对于第1种情况,van(t)超前vbn(t)120,而vbn(t)超前vcn(t)120,这称为正序或abc相序。同样,第2种情况称为逆序或acb相序。显然,负序可以通过重新标终端转换为正序,因此我们只需考虑正序。

现在把一个对称的三相电源连接到一个对称的Y连接的三相负载上,如图13.5所示。相线(火线)端之间的电压称为线电压,a和A、b和B,c和C之间的电流称为线电流。对星形连接三相对称负载有:。

如果线路阻抗相等,有效负载是三相对称的,则中线中的电流等于0,因此可以不要中线。与三相对称Y接法的负载相比,负载的三角形接法应用更多,一个对称的三相电源连接到一个对称的三角形连接的三相负载上,如图13.6所示,可以看到每个负载是直接接到两个相线之间,因此加上或除去三角形接法中的一个负载比星形接法容易。对三角形连接三相对称负载有:和。

和。

。•

。无论对称负载是星形连接还是三角形连接,根据线电压、线电流和负载的阻抗角,可以用同一个公式求出三相对称负载吸收的总有功功率:

《机电专业英语第2版电子教案Unit 13.docx》
将本文的Word文档下载,方便收藏和打印
推荐度:
机电专业英语第2版电子教案Unit 13
点击下载文档
相关专题 机电专业英语第2版 机电 教案 专业英语 机电专业英语第2版 机电 教案 专业英语
[教案模板]相关推荐
    [教案模板]热门文章
      下载全文