机电专业英语第2版电子教案unit 19_机电专业英语第2版

机电专业英语第2版电子教案unit 19由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“机电专业英语第2版”。

Unit 19 Introduction to a Microcontroller I.Lead in Nowadays microcontrollers are used in almost all kinds of automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobiles, remote controls, office machines, appliances, digital cameras, cell phones and toys.We can say that microcontrollers are everywhere around us, and they are closely related to our life.Do you know what a microcontroller is? What are the major differences between the microcontroller and the general-purpose microproceor used in a PC? What are the important features of the Intel 8051 family? After learning this unit, you will get a better understanding of these questions.In this unit, we’ll learn some general information about the microcontroller and the Intel 8051 family.First, let’s study some new words and phrases together.II.Word Study 1.display [,dis'plei] n.显示器；展示；陈列，展览 vt.展示；显示，表现；陈列

1）At present, a video camera and display are no match for the human eye.目前，摄影机和显示器的品质仍然比不上人类的眼睛。2）We need a range of samples for display and publicity.我们需要大量的样品坐陈列与宣传用。

3）The species that make up natural ecosystems usually display a wide range of genetic variability.构成自然生态系统的生物种，通常表现有较大范围的遗传变异性。2.integrate ['intiɡreit] vt.使结合，使合并，综合 vi.成为一体，合并 adj.整体的，完整的，完全的1）The training program helps children integrate theories with their field experience.这个训练课程能够帮助学生将实际的经验与理论结合。

2）The trend is to integrate the memory arrays and controller circuits of a system together on one or more integrated circuit chips.趋势是将系统的存储器阵列和控制器电路一起集成在一个或一个以上集成电路芯片上。

3）There is no integrate system of procedure of enforcement undertaking in our law.我国法律对此没有形成一个完整的程序体系。

3.adequate ['ædikwit] adj.充足的；适当的；胜任的 1）Is there adequate data for the indicators chosen? 是否有充足的数据以供指标选择？

2）The installation must also allow for adequate drainage from the air gap and the discharge line if needed.如果需要的话，还必须允许从气隙和排放管道里有适当的排放。4.acce ['ækses] vt.使用；存取，访问；接近 n.进入；使用权

1）Client is computer or a software program that can acce particular services on the Internet.客户是可访问因特网上某些具体服务的计算机或软件程序。

2）Host(computer)is a computer that a user can connect in order to acce information or run programs.主机是用户为了存取信息或运行程序所要连接的计算机。3）I have read-only acce to my bank files.我用只读方式存取我的银行文件。

5.cement [si'ment] vt.巩固，加强；(用水泥等)粘合 n.水泥

1）The company must now decide whether to cement the well from the top.该公司现在必须决定是否用水泥从顶部彻底封堵油井。

2）Our object is to further cement friendly relations between the two countries.我们的目的是进一步加强两国之间的友好关系。

6.debug [di:'bʌɡ] vt.调试；排除故障 n.调试器，排错器

1）Debug and maintenance the test program and test equipment in daily work.对测试程序以及测试设备进行调试和维护。

2）There are still mechanical linkages to build, control programs to debug.目前还有些机械环节要制作，还有些控制程式要除错。

III．Language points 1.The engine is controlled by a microcontroller, as are the anti-lock brakes and so on.译文：发动机、防抱死制动系统等等都是用单片机控制的。

说明：句中anti-lock brake 表示防抱死制动系统或防锁死煞车系统，可安装在任何带液压刹车的汽车上，能避免在紧急刹车时方向失控及车轮侧滑。“as” is a substitute for a clause，and it can be replaced by “so”(……也一样)，e.g.1)She is a doctor, as/so is her husband.她和她丈夫都是医生。

2)Busine confidence has picked up, as/so has the Paris Bourse.商业信心有所提升，巴黎证券交易所的交易情况也有好转。

2.Any device that has a remote control almost certainly contains a

microcontroller: TVs, VCRs and high-end stereo systems all fall into this category.译文：任何具有远程遥控的设备都几乎肯定包含一部单片机：电视机、录像机、高端立体声音响系统都属于这一类。

说明：“that” is a relative pronoun used to introduce an attributive clause modifying “device”.“fall into” means “be included in or claified as, belong to”(归入，属于，分成；陷入), e.g.1)Going forward, these cases will fall into five distinct categories.接下来，这些案件将被归入五大类别。2)Old civilization may fall into decay.古老的文化可能会渐渐衰落下去。

3)In particular, diodes – and perhaps more surprisingly – resistors fall into this category.其中很特别的就是二极管和电阻也属于这样的元器件类型。

4)Programming languages fall into two major categories: low-level aembly languages and high-level languages.程序设计语言主要分成两类：低级汇编语言和高级语言。

3.Basically, any product or device that interacts with its user has a microcontroller buried inside.译文：任何与用户进行互动的产品或设备内部都嵌有单片机。

说明：“that” is a relative pronoun used to introduce an attributive clause.“buried inside” is a past participle phrase modifying “microcontroller”.“interact with” means “act together with others”(与……互动或相互作用), e.g.1)But because these particles are electrically charged, they also interact with the Earth's magnetic field.但是因为这些粒子是带电的，所以它们会受地球磁场的影响。

2)A display device that allows the user to interact with a data proceing system by touching an area on its screen.一种允许用户通过触摸屏幕上某一区域以对数据处理系统进行交互操作的显示装置。

4.It is a microproceor emphasizing high integration, in contrast to a general-purpose microproceor(the kind used in a PC).译文：与应用在个人电脑中的通用型微处理器相比，它是高度集成的微处理器。

说明: “emphasizing high integration” is a present participle phrase used as an attribute modifying “microproceor”.“in contrast to” means “与…对比(或对照)；与…相反”

1)The gaiety and lightne of his work were in contrast to his own sad

nature.他的作品的欢乐与轻快与他哀伤的性格形成鲜明的对照。

2)In contrast to her elder brother, she was always considerate in her treatment of others.和她哥哥完全不一样，她对别人总是很体贴。

5.Power consumption while sleeping may be just nanowatts, making them ideal for low power and long lasting battery applications.译文：睡眠时消耗功率可能只有纳瓦级(10﹣9 W)，所以很适宜应用在低功耗且长期用电池供电的场合。

说明：“sleeping” is a present participle used as an adverbial of time.It has the same function as an adverbial clause of time.“making them ideal for low power and long lasting battery applications” is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of result.“be ideal for” means “be suitable for, be appropriate for”(对……很理想，适用于……), e.g.1)The cable system is ideal for spanning natural barriers of wide rivers, deep valleys, or ravines.这种钢索体系是跨越宽河道、深丘谷或深山谷天然障碍物的理想体系。2)Unlike incandescent or fluorescent lamps, which spew light in all directions, LEDs generate directional light, making them ideal for selectively illuminating areas.不像白炽灯或者荧光灯那样灯光四射，LED产生的是定向光，定点照明的理想之选。

6.Intel’s original 8051 family was developed using NMOS technology, but later versions, identified by a letter “C” in their name, e.g.80C51, used CMOS technology and were le power-hungry than their NMOS predeceors.译文：英特尔最早的805l系列是用NMOS技术开发的，但后来的标以“C”字母如80C51的版本是用CMOS技术开发的芯片。

说明：“using NMOS technology” is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner.“identified by a letter “C” in their name” is a past participle phrase used as an attribute.It can be replaced by an attributive clause.“power-hungry” means “consuming a lot of power”(高耗电的), e.g.1)The new lines will be used to carry electricity from coal-rich inland provinces to the power-hungry coast.新输电线路将用于连接中国煤炭资源丰富的内陆省份和电力短缺的沿海地区。

2)The power amplifier plays an important role in a modern wirele communication system and is the most power-hungry device.在现代化的无线通讯系统中功率放大器扮演一个重要的脚色，它往往是最消耗功率的元件。

IV.Translating Skills

长难句的翻译

对于每一个英语句子的翻译，并不只是使用一种翻译方法，而是多种翻译方法的综合运用，这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。长句的翻译，关键在于理解分析。由于连词、冠词和介词等功能词的作用，和非谓语动词及谓语动词等结构形式的存在，使得英语长句的修饰成分相当复杂，可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，而且这些修饰成分还可以一个套一个地使用。再加上英汉句子语序上的差异，如定语和状语修饰语的位置差异、句子的逻辑安排差异等，这就使得英语句子结构复杂，长句较多，有时一段可能只有一句话，只要方法得当，长句的翻译并不难。

一、长难句分析的步骤

1．结合具体语言环境了解全句大意。

2．剖析全句，分清主要成分和次要成分，主句和从句。

3．紧缩主干，确定句子的主、谓语，找出句子的基本构架，及其所属句型。

4．疏通脉络，清理枝蔓，分清主次关系，注意上下层次，前后引衬及其逻辑关系。

5．按汉语造句的规律，进行选词和语序的调整。

6．反复研究译文，进行词句锤炼的润饰工夫，最后定稿。Sample: For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere．

分析：

该句的骨干结构为“it is more…to do sth than to do sth else”是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较；该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to…为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构：to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。

综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。

二、长难句的四种翻译方法 1．顺译法

顺译法就是按照原文时间、方位、逻辑等顺序将长句的内容再现，例如： Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.分析：该句子由一个主句、三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从旬组成，共有五层意思：A．即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时；B．电仍在为我们工作；C．帮我们开动电冰箱；D．加热水；E．或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，译为：

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作；帮我们开动电冰加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。

2．倒译法

在翻译有些长句时，要想使译文通顺、符合汉语表达习惯，翻译时必须从后往前译，这就是倒译法。譬如：

It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要。

3．分译法

分译法是将长句拆开来，将其中从句或短语译成短句，分开来叙述，如： Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endle series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.分析：在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，此句可译为：

人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

4．综合法

要求我们把各种方法综合使用，先仔细分析，或按照时间的先后，或按照逻辑顺序，顺逆结合，主次分明地对全句进行综合处理，以便把英语原文翻译成通顺的汉语句子。例如：

People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helple as anybody else.尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。

V.Key to the Exercises

Key to Exercises of the text I.1.Sixteen kinds of products or devices are listed.They are microwave ovens, modem automobiles, TVs, VCRs, high-end stereo systems, digital cameras, cell phones, camcorders, answering machines, laser printers, telephones(the ones with caller ID, 20-number memory, etc.), pagers, and refrigerators, dishwashers, washers and dryers(the ones with displays and keypads).2.A microcontroller is a computer system-on-a-chip, containing a proceor, memory, and input/output functions.3.In contrast to a general-purpose microproceor, the microcontroller integrates additional elements such as read-write memory for data storage, read-only memory for program storage, EEPROM for permanent data storage, peripheral devices, and input/output interfaces.4.The two particularly useful features of the 8051 core are the inclusion of a Boolean proceing engine and four separate register sets.II.1.T

2.T

3.T

4.F

5.T

6.F III.1.anti-lock brakes

2.read-write memory for data storage 3.general-purpose microproceor

4.two-level interrupt priority 5.A microcontroller is a computer system-on-a-chip, containing a proceor, memory, and input/output functions.Key to Exercises of the reading 1.An aembler is a software tool designed to simplify the task of writing computer programs.2.To effectively write aembly programs, a person should understand both the microcomputer architecture and the aembly language.3.An aembly program has three constituent parts: machine instructions, aembler directives and aembler controls.4.Detailed discuion of the machine instructions can be found in the hardware manuals of the 8051 family or other microcontrollers.VI.阅读材料参考译文

汇编程序是什么？

汇编程序是一种用来简化计算机编写程序的软件工具。汇编程序把符号

化的代码（汇编指令）编译成可执行的目标代码（机器指令），然后把该目标代码编入单片机（的程序存储器）中并加以执行。汇编语言程序可直接译成CPU指令，命令处理器完成相应的运算。所以，要有效地编写汇编语言程序，就需要对微型计算机的结构和汇编语言都很熟悉。

汇编语言操作代码很容易记（MOV就是移动指令，ADD就是加法指令等等）。还可以用符号表示（存储器）地址和指令的操作字段值。

因为指定了这些名字，指令就有了意义，比较容易记忆。比如，如果你在程序中要多次用到一个日期作为数据，你可以给这个日期指定一个符号化的名字DATE（日期）。如果你程序中含有用作延时循环的一组指令(在指定的时间内反复执行的一组指令)，你可以给这段指令起名TIMER—LOOP。

汇编程序有3个组成要素：（1）机器指令。（2）汇编指令。（3）汇编控制。

机器指令就是可以由CPU执行的机器代码。对机器指令的详细讨论可以参看8051系列或其他单片机的硬件手册。

汇编指令用于定义程序的结构和符号，生成非执行代码（数据、信息等）。汇编控制设置汇编程序的模式和流向。