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Unit 6 Teaching Pronunciation

Objectives:

 By the end of this unit, Ss will Get to know:

1.What role does pronunciation play in language learning? 2.What is the goal of teaching pronunciation? 3.What aspects of pronunciation do we need to teach? 4.How can teachers help the students to practice pronunciation? Important points How can teachers help the students to practice pronunciation? Difficult points What aspects of pronunciation do we need to teach? Teaching methods Reflective Cooperative Autonomous-learning Model, Lecture, Discuion

Teaching Procedures Step 1 Lead-in 1.Ss do the reading report.2.Ss discu the goal of teaching pronunciation.Step 2 Presentation 1.The role of pronunciation Two points of views on teaching pronunciation:

Students do not need to learn pronunciation, because pronunciation will take care of itself as the students develop overall language ability.Failure in pronunciation is a great hindrance in language learning.Therefore the teacher should spend some time in teaching pronunciation.Whether pronunciation needs special attention of focus depends on many factors, especially learner factors.for example: Learners whose native language has similar sounds to English vs.those whose native language has very different sounds from English;Learners who have more exposure to English vs.those who only learn English in the cla;Adult learners vs.young ones.We should pay attention to the distinction between pronunciation and phonetics.The teaching of pronunciation should focus on the students’ ability to identify and produce English sounds themselves.Students should NOT be led to focus on reading and writing phonetic transcripts of words, especially young students, because phonetic transcripts are more abstract and le meaningful.Introduction to phonetic rules should be avoided at the beginning stage.Stre and intonation should be taught from the very beginning.e.g.A: Would you please turn down the radio a little bit? B: Sorry.↘(with a sharp falling: No, I don’t want to.)Or: B: Sorry.↗(with a rising: What did you say?)2.The goal of teaching pronunciation 1)Learner age The Critical Period Hypothesis:(pp.92-93)The hypothesis claims that if humans do not learn a foreign language before a certain age(perhaps around puberty青春期), then it becomes impoible to learn the foreign language like a native speaker because of changes such as maturation of the brain.The hypothesis is still controversial/debated, because both positive and negative answers have been given by researchers.Most people agree, however, that those who learn a foreign language after puberty will have an accent.2)Amount of exposure At the present time, most Chinese learners of English do not have enough exposure to English to acquire native-like pronunciation.3)Differences of individual ability Students have different phonetic abilities due to biological and physiological differences.Some are more sensitive to sounds and are better at imitating sounds than others.The realistic goals(p.93)Consistency: Be smooth and natural.(连贯性)（fluency）Intelligibility: Be understandable.(可辨认性，可理解性)Communicative efficiency: Convey the meaning that is intended.（交际的有效性）

《窈窕淑女》（MY FAIR LADY）

故事背景是20世纪的英国，两个语言学家打赌：一个乡下女人经过6个月的语言训练是否可进入上流会会。于是,希金斯教授（哈里森饰)找到一个满口土语的卖花姑娘丽莎(奥德丽.赫本饰),对她进行语言训练,最后大获成功，并且两人相互吸引,坠入爱河.当她换上华丽的服饰优雅地踱入宫廷，她那流利高贵的英国皇室口音令当场所有的达官显贵纷纷倾倒，大家争相猜测她一定出身显赫，如果不是某个邻国的公主，至少也是皇室名媛。3.Aspects of pronunciation Pronunciation covers more than just phonetic symbols and rules.It also includes stre, intonation, and rhythm, and all these are not isolated from each other.Stre and intonation are often neglected by many learners.Sometimes stre and intonation matter more than the individual sounds do.As far as pronunciation is concerned, students benefit from both mechanical practice and meaningful practice.4.Practising sounds Pronunciation is difficult to teach without drills on sounds.However, drilling an individual sound for more than a few minutes a time may be boring and demotivating.It is important to combine drilling pronunciation exercise with more meaningful exercises.(e.g.A polliwog looks for his mom.)Sometimes we need to focus on some individual sounds, e.g th [] in theme, th [] in them Perception practice and Production practice Ways of perception practice:(pp.95-96)Aim: to develop the ability to identify and distinguish between different sounds.Using minimal pairs.e.g.“Which word is read?”

will, well;till, tell;fill, fell

Which order?.e.g.You hear: “„” and you read: bit bet pet

Same or different? e.g.You hear: met, meet;well, well;well, will

Odd man out.e.g.You hear: bit, bit, bit, pit

Completion.e.g.You hear: gate, late, fate, date, hate, rate, Kate and you write: ate, ate, ate, ate, ate, „

Production practice(pp.97 – 98)Aim: to develop the ability to produce sounds Ways of production practice: Listen and repeat.Fill in the blanks.Make up sentences.(last, fast, calm,dark„ Use meaningful context.Use pictures.Use tongue twisters.A tongue twister A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear.The big black bear bit the back of a big black pig.When the big black bug bit the back of the big black bear, The big black pig bit back the big black bear.5.Practising stre and intonation Practising stre: Use gestures.(by clapping hands or using arm movements.)Use the voice.(by raising the voice)Use the blackboard.(by underlining or colouring)

Practising intonation : Use hand or arm movement.Use arrows(↘ for falling, ↗for rising)Draw lines under/above the words: Summary: some eentials of teaching pronunciation Create a pleasant, relaxed, and dynamic claroom.Use gestures.Build-up Students’ confidence.Bring variety to the claroom, e.g.Br.& Am.Use demo rather than explanation.Use visual aids.Homework 1.What is the goal of teaching pronunciation? 2.What aspects of pronunciation do we need to teach?