精读教案4[推荐]_大学英语精读4教案

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Unit 4 Jobs and occupations Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims

By the end of this leon, students should be able to: A.Understand the relationship between personal progre and job-hopping B.Know how to describe one’s occupation C.Master words of job occupation II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background Some factors you need to mention in your letter of application.1.To explain where the applicant has got the information about the vacancy.For example, he can learn it from his friends, or in the advertisement, or in some papers.SAMPLE: Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in this morning's South China Daily, I wish to apply for the position of sales manager.2.To present personal information.This part should be a description of the applicant’s age, sex, education, working experience and specialty.It is in this section that the applicant presents his advantages or qualifications for the position.Details are encouraged, but the applicant should bear it in mind that exaggeration or false descriptions are not allowed in the letter.SAMPLE: I am 21 years of age.After graduating from high school, I took a two-year busine course in Foshan Commercial School, studying both bookkeeping and typewriting.I now wish to enter an office where the work requires great individual responsibility and judgment, and where there is an opportunity for achievements.3.To claim your referees（推荐人）.The applicant is well advised to enclose in the letter the names as well as the addrees of two or three referees after he has got their permiion.Referees are of great importance for obtaining a job, for they are the best and most persuasive support for the candidate’s potential, merits and strength.SAMPLE: I have obtained permiion to give the names of the following persons as references: Profeor Song Xieli, Director, English Department, Haitai University;Mr.Wang Qing, Manager, Human Resource Department, Chinese Import & Export Corporation.4.To inquire the chance of an interview.SAMPLE: I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.hop: vi.1)(of people)to jump on one leg（人）单脚跳

【例句】He hopped away on one foot.他单脚跳着跑开了。

2)(of small creatures)to jump with the legs together（小动物）跳跃

【例句】The bird hopped onto my finger.小鸟跳到我的手指上。

3)[on, in](infml)to get quickly onto, into, or out of

something迅速跳上（跳进，跳出）

【例句】Hop in and I’ll give you a lift to the station.快上车，我送你去车站。

[相关搭配] job-hopping 跳槽

【例句】With the deepening of economic reform, job-hopping has become a

somewhat common practice in large and medium cities.随着经济改革的深化，跳槽现象在许多大中城市已屡见不鲜。

2.influence: 1)n.an effect that someone or something has on events, behavior, or

opinions影响，影响力

【例句】He used his influence to get his son a job.他利用自己的影响给儿子找了个工作。

2)vt.to have an effect on someone or something影响（某人或某事）；对（某人或某事）起作用

【例句】Don’t let me influence your decision.别让我影响你的决定。

[相关搭配]1)under the influence of 在„„的影响下

【例句】Driving under the influence of alcohol.酒后驾车。

2)influence on sb./sth.对„„有影响

【例句】Environment is a great influence on character.环境对性格有很大的影响。

[相关词] influential: adj.有影响力的，有势力的【例句】He is an influential politician.他是一名有势力的政治家。

3.eential:

1)adj.[only before a noun只用于名词前]central or most important根本的，最重要的【例句】This is an eential requirement for admiion to

college.这是进大学的最基本要求。

2）adj.completely neceary必不可少的【例句】Previous experience of this type of job is not eential.以前是否做过这种工作并非必需条件。

3)n.anything indispensable基本必要的东西，要素，本质

【例句】The room was furnished with the bare eentials: a bad, a chair, and

a table.房间里摆设了最简单的必需品——一张床，一把椅子和一张桌子。

[相关搭配]be eential to/for something对„„来说是必不可少的。

【例句】Food is eential to life.食物对生命是绝对重要的。

4.godfather: n.a man who has promised to be responsible for someone’s

religious education 教父

[相关搭配]godchild, goddaughter, godson教子/女；godmother教母;godparent教父，教母

5.sponsor 1)n.someone who supports or champions something赞助人，发起者

【例句】He is the sponsor of the annual Christmas parade.他是一年一度圣诞节游行的主办者。

2)n.a person that takes responsibility for formally putting forward a

suggestion提案人，提倡者

【例句】Who was the sponsor for the divorce reform bill?谁是这项离婚改革法案的倡议者？

3)vt.to pay for something, usually in return for advertising

particular products赞助（某事物）

【例句】It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to support the

project.遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。

4)vt.to put forward a formal suggestion正式提出（建议）；倡议

【例句】He sponsored the plan at the meeting.他在会上倡议了这项计划。

6.trait: n.a particular quality of someone or something特性，品质

【例句】Generosity is her best trait.慷慨是她最大的特点。

7.scholarship: 1)n.the method of result of serious detailed academic study学问，学识

【例句】Her book is a fine piece of scholarship.她的书是一部卓越的学术著作。

2)n.a sum of money given to a student by an organization to help pay

for a course of study 奖学金

【例句】He won a scholarship to Oxford.他获得了一份到牛津大学念书的奖学金。

[相关词]scholar: n.1.学者.2.奖学金获得者

【例句】She is a teacher of great scholar.她是一位很有学问的老师。

8.initiative: n.1)the first of a series of actions主动性

【例句】The child displayed great initiative in going to fetch the police.那孩子极为主动地把警察找来。

2)the first movement or action which starts something happening发端，首创

【例句】It’s only the initiative of the investigation.这仅仅是调查的开始。

3)the ability to make decisions and take action without help of other

people决断能力，主动能力

【例句】I wish you’d show some initiative instead of always asking me what

to do.我希望你表现得主动一些，别花是问我该做什么。

[相关搭配] 1)take the initiative首先做某事,带头做某事

【例句】It is up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear

weapons.这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器。

2)on your own initiative主动地，自己决定地

【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗？

[相关词]initial: adj.最初的，开始的【例句】She calmed down after the initial shock.她先是大吃一惊，后来就平静下来。

9.agreeable: adj.pleasant, enjoyable, or acceptable令人愉快的，惬意的【例句】The weather was very agreeable.气候十分宜人。

[相关搭配]agreeable to something/doing something欣然接受某事，乐于做某事

【例句】I’m agreeable to doing what you suggest.我乐于照你的建议去做。

[相关词]disagreeable: adj.令人不快的，讨厌的，不合意的agree: v 1)agree about/on sth（关于„„）意见一致

【例句】They didn’t agree about how to do it.关于如何做，他们的意见不一致。

2)agree with somebody/something与（人，想法）意见一致

【例句】I agree with you.= I agree with what you say.我赞同你。（我和你意见相同。）

3)agree to do something/something同意做某事，接受某事

【例句】We all agreed to start at once.我们全都同意立刻出发。

10.outgoing: adj.1)friendly and eager to make friends友好的，乐于交友的【例句】She is very outgoing.她非常爱好交际。

2)[only before a noun只用于名词前]leaving an important job即将离职的【例句】The outgoing president was praised for his commitment to the Party.即将离任的总统因对党作出了贡献而受到赞扬。

[相关词]outgoings: n.支出，开销

【例句】You will have to reduce your outgoings if you want to pay off your

debts.如果你想还清债务，就得减少开支。

11.personality: n.1)the whole nature and character of a particular person个性，性格

【例句】They don’t get on well because of differences of personality.他们由于性格不同而合不来。

2)interesting, exciting qualities of character个性

【例句】He has no personality.他没有个性。

She has a lot of personality.她很有个性。

3)a person who is well known to the public名人

【例句】a television personality电视界知名人士

[相关词]personal: adj.个人的，私人的，亲自的，本人的【例句】father’s personal chair父亲的专用坐椅

The minister made a personal appearance on television.部长亲自在电视中露面。

12.realm: n.1)a world, area of activity领域；范围

【例句】This theory belongs more to the realm of science than art.这理论与其说属于艺术领域，倒不如说是属于科学领域的。

2)(often cap.)lit & law（常大写，用于书面和法律方面）

【例句】the defense of the Realm国防

13.inherit: vt.1)to receive something from someone who has died or moved on继承（某物）

【例句】He’s inherited a fortune from his rich uncle.他从有钱的叔叔那里继承了一大笔钱。

2)to have the same qualities as your parents经遗传而得到（特质）

【例句】She inherited all her mother’s beauty.她继承了母亲的全部美貌。

[相关搭配] inherit sth.from sb.从某人那里继承„„

14.bestow: vt.To give something to someone 将某物赠给某人

【例句】Many gifts were bestowed on them.有很多礼物赠给他们。

[相关搭配]bestow something on/upon someone

【例句】The trophy was bestowed upon the winner.银杯授给了获胜者。

15.disloyal: adj.not loyal不忠实的，不忠诚的【例句】You don’t expect a diplomat ever to be disloyal to his country.你不会预料到外交官会对祖国不忠。

[相关词]loyal: adj.忠实的，忠诚的loyalty: n.忠实，忠诚

【例句】Once he took the vow his loyalty never wavered.他一旦宣了誓，他就一直忠贞不渝。

[相关搭配]be loyal to sb./sth.对„„忠心的【例句】The soldiers are loyal to their country.士兵们忠于他们的国家。

16.reciprocal: adj.exchanged between two people or two groups of

people相互的，互惠的【例句】reciprocal respect相互尊重

a reciprocal agreement互惠协定

reciprocal trade互惠贸易

17.recipient: n.a person who receives something接受者

【例句】a welfare recipient接受福利救济的人

18.patron: n.1)a person who supports and regularly gives money to a worthy purpose,or to another person or group of people赞助人，资助人

【例句】Modern artists have difficulty in finding patrons.现代艺术家们很难找到赞助者。

2)a person who uses a particular shop, hotel, etc., esp.regularly老顾客，老主顾

【例句】This store has many patrons.这家商店有许多老顾客。

19.lifelong: adj.continuing all your life终身的【例句】I believe he will be my lifelong friend.我相信他会成为我一生的好朋友。

[相关词]lifelong education终身教育

lifelong disability终身残疾

20.security: n.1)the state of being secure安全，安全感，保障

【例句】A job in the Civil Service offers security.公务员的工作提供保障。

2)something which protects防御物，保护物

【例句】The money is my security against hardship.这笔钱可以让我应付不时之需。

3)valuable property which you promise to give to a money-lender if you

do not repay money you have borrowed抵押品

【例句】What did you offer as security for the loan?你拿什么作贷款抵押？

[相关词]secure: adj.安全的，可靠的【例句】Make sure your money is in a secure place.你要确保把钱存放在安全可靠的地方。

secure: vt.使安全，保护

【例句】The soldiers secured the camp against attack.士兵保护着营地以免受攻击。

21.constant: adj.1)happening all the time一再发生地，不断地

【例句】I dislike these constant arguments.我讨厌这些接连不断的争吵。

2)fixed or unchanging始终如一的，持久不变的【例句】a constant temperature恒温

In our fast paced world nothing seems constant.在现今这个快节奏的世界里，似乎没有什么东西是永恒不变的。

3)n.: a quality that does not vary常数，恒量

【例句】constant quality恒量

22.mobility: n.the quality of moving freely可动性，变动性

【例句】A private car gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility.私人小汽车能给人很大的舒服和机动性。

[相关词]mobile: adj.able to move, or be moved quickly and easily.可移动的，流动的，【例句】mobile phone手机，移动电话

She’s much more mobile now that she’s bought a car.自从她买了辆汽车后，流动量就大得多了。

23.better:

1)adj.[comparative of good, good的比较级]较好的，更好的【例句】She’s much better at maths than I am.她的数学比我好得多。

2)adj.improved in health（健康）有所好转的【例句】I’m feeling a little better today.今天我感觉好多了。

3)adv.[comparative of well, well的比较级]in a better way, to a greater

degree更好地

【例句】She swims much better than she used to.她游泳游得比过去好多了。

He knows that town better than I do.这城镇他比我了解得更清楚。

4)n.to change and become better好转

【例句】Let’s hope that things will soon change for the better.希望事情不久会好转。

5)vt.to improve on something改进（某事）

【例句】We made record profits last year, and we’re hoping to better this

year.去年我们的利润创了纪录，我们希望今年更好。

[相关搭配]had better最好还是，应该

【例句】You’d better go home now.你最好是现在回家。get the better of someone打败某人，战胜某人

【例句】She always manages to get the better of me.她老是设法占我上风。

24.qualify: 1)vi.to pa an examination or gain the knowledge or experience

neceary for a particular job考试合格，取得资格

【例句】I came to this school immediately after I had qualified as a teacher.我一取得教师资格便马上来了这所学校。

2)vi.to have the right to do or have something有权做某事，有权拥有某物

【例句】I’m afraid you don’t qualify for a pension.对不起，您没有资格领养老金。

3)vt.make somebody suitable to do something让某人做某事，让某人有权做某事

【例句】This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft.你若能通过考试，便有资格开飞机。

4)vt.to limit what you are saying in some way限制，修饰

【例句】I’d like to qualify my last remark.我想把我最后的一句话修饰一下。

[相关搭配]qualify for something有资格，合适，胜任

【例句】His skills qualify him for the job.他的技艺使他有资格担任这一工作。

qualify someone to do something使„„有权做„„

【例句】Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote.年满十八岁者有选举权。

[相关词]qualified: adj.有资格的，具备必要条件的，胜任的【例句】He’s not qualified to teach young children.他没有资格教小孩子。

qualification: n.资格，资历，合格证明（书）

【例句】qualification certificate资格证书

25.interchangeability: n.being able to exchange or alternate each

other可互换性

[相关词]interchange: vt.交换，互换

【例句】interchange ideas/opinions/views交换意见

[相关词]interchangeable可互换的，可交替的【例句】interchangeable parts互换部分

interchangeable words(terms)可换用的词（术语）

[相关搭配]interchange sth.with sth.【例句】interchange hard work with rest劳逸结合26.personnel: n.all the people employed by an organization全体职员

【例句】New personnel are needed for our busine in the Middle East.我们需要新的雇员来经营我们在中东的业务。

[相关词]辨析personnel和personal Personnel是个集体名词，指“全体人员”，“全体职员”

【例句】a personnel manager(officer)人事处经理（处长）

the personnel division人事处（室）

而personal是个形容词，指“私人的”，“个人的”

【例句】personal letter私人信件

personal affair私事

personal life私生活

personal pronoun人称代词

personal还有“本人的”，“亲自的”的意思

【例句】make a personal appearance(visit)亲自出席（拜访）

27.inhuman: adj.too cruel and lacking in feelings to be considered as

human无人性的，残酷的【例句】inhuman treatment不人道待遇，非人待遇

inhuman act不人道行为

to be cruel and inhuman惨无人道

[相关词]inhumanity无人情味，残忍

【例句】We must never again turn a blind eye when a government anywhere

engages in gro inhumanity.我们再也不能漠视任何政府公然进行不人道行为。

28.challenge: 1)n.an invitation to compete in a fight or match挑战

【例句】He accepted his friend’s challenge to swim acro the river.他接受朋友的挑战，比赛游泳过河。

2)n.something difficult or exciting that needs a great effort具有挑战性的事物

【例句】To build a bridge in a month was a real challenge.一个月内造一座桥委实是个挑战。

3)vt.: to invite someone to complete against you or to test their

abilities向某人挑战

【例句】I challenged him to a game of tennis.我邀他与我赛一场网球。

4)vt.to question whether something is right质询（某事是否正确）

【例句】She challenged the justice of the new law.她质疑新法律的公正性。

29.content: 1)adj.satisfied and happy心满意足的【例句】Dad seems really content since he retired.爸爸自退休后，似乎很是满足。

2)vt.to make someone feel happy or satisfied使某人心满意足

【例句】Simple praise is enough to content him.他只要听到实事求是的表扬就心满意足了。

3)n.the subject matter of something内容

【例句】It’s not the style of the book I object to;it’s the content.我反对的不是那本书的风格，而是内容。

[相关搭配]be content with对„„满意

【例句】I am very content with my life at present.我对目前的生活心满意足。

30.seniority: n.the quality of being senior in rank or age年长，级别高，资历深

【例句】Should promotion be through merit or seniority?晋升应该凭成绩还是靠年资？

Does seniority give one the right to command?难道年长资深就有权发号施令吗？

[相关词]senior 1)n.年长者，长辈，上级

【例句】He is my senior.她是我的上司。

2)adj.较年长的，地位较高的【例句】He is senior to me.他比我年纪大。

31.bounce: 1)vi.to spring back or up again after hitting a surface反跳，弹起

【例句】The ball bounced several times.球反弹了几次。

She’s had many misfortunes in her life but she always bounces back.她一生中经历过许多挫折，然而总是能重新振作起来。

2)vi.to walk quickly because you are happy（因高兴而）飞快地走

【例句】She bounced into the room.她蹦蹦跳跳地走进房间里。

3)vi.(of a cheque)to be returned by a bank as worthle（支票）遭银行退票

【例句】I hope this cheque doesn’t bounce.我希望这张支票别遭退票。

4)n.the act or action of bouncing跳起，弹回

【例句】The ball has plenty of bounce.这球弹性很好。

32.original: adj.1)first or earliest起初的，最早的，原始的【例句】The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.这房子最早的主人是威灵顿公爵。

2)not copied非复制的，原创的【例句】We have a few original paintings.我们有几幅油画原作。

[相关词]origin: n.起源，开端，血统，出身

【例句】The riot had its origins in unemployment.骚乱是由失业引起的。

He was proud of his working cla origins.他为自己出身于工人阶层而感到自豪。

33.get ahead: to be succeful in your job and so reach a high

position（在工作上）成功

【例句】She’s clever and ambitious, and determined to get ahead.她聪明伶俐，雄心勃勃，决心在事业上获得成功。

By doing extra homework, he soon got ahead of his cla-mates.他靠多做家庭作业，很快在班上名列前茅。

34.on the basis of: based on;according to在„„基础上；根据

【例句】We are willing to enter into b usine relationship with your

company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我们愿在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。

35.lead to: to cause something or result in something引起，导致，引导

【例句】The strike could lead to a lo of jobs.罢工可能会导致失业。

Every road leads to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

36.by and large: on the whole大体上，总的说来

【例句】By and large our work has been succeful.总的说我们的工作是成功的。

By and large, the company's been pretty good to me.总的来说, 公司对我一直很好。

37.deal with: to find an answer to a problem对付，处理

【例句】The meeting will deal with these problems.本次会议将就这些问题作出处理。

This book deals with the troubles in Ireland.这本新书论述了爱尔兰的纠纷。

38.bring in: 1)to introduce something引进，提出

【例句】The government is bringing in new laws to protect children.政府正提出制定保护儿童的新法律。

2)to ask someone to take part in something, especially in order to

help with a problem请（某人）参与（尤其指为帮助解决问题）

【例句】We need to bring in a few experienced people to get the job finished

on time.我们需要请几个有经验的人来帮助，以便按时完成工作。

3)to earn a particular amount of money获利，赚钱

【例句】She’s bringing in ￡200 a week.她每星期赚二百英镑。

The new tax will bring in a lot of extra money for the

government.这项新税将为政府带来一大笔额外收益。

II．Difficult Sentences 1)By and large, succe is neither inherited nor bestowed.要点：by and large: generally speaking, on the whole大体上，总得说来。

neither„nor: 既不„也不

译文：总的说来，成功既不能继承，也不能赠予。

2)In some nations it is considered disloyal to quit a job.要点：it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to quit a job。

译文：在有些国家，辞职被视为不忠。

3)Deep reciprocal loyalties exist between employee and employer.要点： reciprocal: mutual彼此的，相互间的译文：雇主与雇员彼此感情深厚，雇员尽职，雇主惜才。

4)We consider it a “right” to be able to better ourselves, to move

upward, to jump from company to company if we can keep qualifying for more

responsible(and therefore better)jobs.要点：it指代前文所提到的”job-hunting”

keep qualifying for: remain in ability to be suited for一直具有„„资格

to be able to目的状语

译文：我们认为跳槽是一种权利，它能让我们充实自己，获得升迁。而且如果能胜任责任更重（当然报酬也更高）的工作，我们还能从一个公司跳到另一个公司。

5)They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about.要点：move about: travel from place to place.这里的about是指here and there到处

译文：他们不了解大多数美国人不喜欢呆在一个地方。

6)Then, too, a newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will

have no seniority.要点：wage, salary, pay的区别。

wage专指按周或天计算的工钱，以工人为发放对象。Salary专指“月薪”或“年薪”。pay指“工资”是一般所通用的。

译文：当然，新来者由于没有资历，可能只能拿较底的薪水。

7)Hopping is so readily accepted here, in fact, that a good man may

bounce back and forth among two or three corporations, being welcomed back

to his original company more than once through his career, each time at a

different level.要点：readily: willingly乐意地

in fact是插入语，拿掉之后句子照样成立。

being引导现在分词短语。

译文：在美国，跳槽已被大家所接受，事实上，一个优秀的人可以在两三个公司间跳来跳去，在其职业生涯中，由于他自身的水平的提高，每次跳回原公司都会比上一次更受欢迎。

III.Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction In different countries, there are different employment practices.Part II(Paragraph 2)Different countries have different opinions on job-hopping.In some countries it is considered disloyal to quit a job.Part III(Paragraph 3-5)American’s view on job-hopping.1)In America, job-hopping is part of constant mobility.2)The benefits of job-hopping.Reading II I.Notes 1.transition: n.changing from one state or condition to another.转变，过渡

【例句】Such a sudden transition must affect her and ice her over.这样的一个突然变化一定会影响她，使她变得冷淡而克制起来。

2.academic year: n.school year.The part of the year during which school

is in seion.学年

Academic: concerning the reaching or studying of subjects taught to

provide skills for the mind, especially in a college or

university.（尤指大专院校）教学上的【例句】academic achievement 学术成果

academic community 学术界

Academic Affairs Office教务处

3.take(time)off: not to go to work for a particular period of time.休息，不工作

【例句】I’m taking a couple of weeks off.我准备休息几个星期。

4.jump at something: to accept something eagerly马上接受

【例句】I’d jump at the chance of going abroad.有出国的机会我会立刻接受。

5.initiative: n.the first movement or action which starts something

happening发端，首创

【例句】a man of great initiative进取心很强的人

[相关搭配] take the initiative首先做某事，采取主动

【例句】He has taken the initiative to improve relations with her.他首先主动与她改善关系。

on your own initiative主动地，自己决定地

【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗？

6.be faced with something: to have to deal with something difficult or

unpleasant，面临某事（指难题或讨厌的事）

【例句】We were faced with a difficult choice.我们面临的是棘手的选择。

7.receion: n.a period of reduced trade and busine activity经济衰退期

8.redundancy: n.a case of losing your job because there is not enough

work裁员，解雇

9.cut back: to reduce something减少（某物）

【例句】We need to cut back on our expenditure.我们需要减少开支。

10.participate in: to take part in an activity or event参加（活动）

【例句】We were invited to participate in the discuion.我们获邀请参加讨论。

11.crisis: n.an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty危机，危急关头

【例句】economic crisis经济危机

energy crisis能源危机

In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to.危难时好在有朋友可以投奔。

12.volunteer: n.a person who is willing to do something unpaid志愿者 v.to offer to do something自愿做（某事）

【例句】This work costs us nothing.It’s all done by volunteers.这项工作我们分文未花，全是由志愿者做的。

He volunteered to help me move.他主动提出帮我搬家。

13.put forward: 提出

【例句】Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?

我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗? 14.cabin crew: “cabin” means the enclosed space at the front of an

aircraft in which the pilot sits（飞机的)驾驶舱；“crew” means all the people

working on a plane全体工作人员

15.take advantage of: to make use of something or someone, sometimes

unfairly利用（某人或某物）

【例句】It never occurred to me to take advantage of him.我决没有想到过要占他的便宜。

16.recruit:

1)v.attract new members to join an organization or a company招募，吸收

【例句】We are having difficulties in recruiting well-qualified staff.我们难以招募到素质好的职员。

2)n.new member of a society or group新成员，新会员

【例句】New recruits to our music club are always welcome.我们的音乐俱乐部随时欢迎新会员参加。

17.from scratch: from nothing, from the beginning从头做起，从零做起

【例句】He lost all his money and had to start again completely from scratch.他损失了所有的钱, 只好再从头做起.There were so many spelling mistakes and I had to write the letter out

again from scratch.这封信的拼写错误太多, 我得重写一遍.18.dole: n.money that you receive from the government because you are

unemployed（政府的）失业救济金

[相关词] on the dole: receiving money from the government because you are

unemployed领取（政府的）失业救济金

【例句】I’ve been on the dole for six months.我领失业救济金已经有六个月了。

19.better off: in a more fortunate or prosperous condition情况更好

【例句】Since my husband was made the manager, we are better off.自从我的丈夫被任命为经理以来，我们的情况好转了。

20.take on: to start to employ someone开始雇佣（某人）

【例句】We’re taking on a new secretary this week.本周我们聘请了一位新秘书。

21.the European Community: 欧洲经济共同体，英文名称为European Economic

Community，简称EEC，它是法国、联邦德国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡根据1957年3月25日签定无限期有效的《罗马条约》而建立的，该条约于1958年1月正式生效。以后陆续加入的有：英国、爱尔兰、丹麦、希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙。在欧洲经济共同体成立之前，已经有1952年生效的欧洲煤钢联营组织（ECSC）。《罗马条约》不仅建立了欧洲经济共同体，而且还建立了欧洲原子能共同体（Euratom）,1967年7月欧洲煤钢联营组织、欧洲原子能共同体和欧洲经济共同体合而为一，组成了统一的管理机构，该称为欧洲共同体（简称欧共体，European

Community）。共同体成立以后，逐步朝经济一体化和政治一体化的目标推进。在经济方面，已建立了关税同盟，对外实行统一的关税制度，并开始实行共同农业政策，逐步形成一个货物、劳力、劳务和资本自由流通的市场。在政治上，要求把共同体建成政治上统一的欧洲联盟，加强协商制度。共同体合计国民生产总值仅次于美国。该共同体和非洲、加勒比海和太平洋地区的发展中国家先后签定了3个《洛美协定》，就发展中国家同西欧工业发达国家之间的贸易经济关系作了规定。欧共体对世界经济有着巨大的影响。到80年代末，欧洲统一市场建立在即，1991年12月9日至11日，欧共体12国国家或政府首脑云集荷兰马斯特里赫特城，讨论和修改了主席国荷兰提出的经济货币联盟和政治联盟条约草案，并于1992年2月履行了《欧洲联盟条约》的签字手续，至此，欧洲联盟(European

Union)成立。

22.be applicable to: suitable for or relating directly to a particular

person or situation合适的，适用的【例句】This rule is not applicable to foreigners.这条规则不适用于外国人。

23.be on offer: be available供出售的【例句】The house is on offer.房屋待售。

There is little work on offer.几乎没有什么工作可找。

Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket.在当地超级市场本周烘豆罐头大减价.24.standard: n.generally recognized as correct or acceptable标准的，规矩的【例句】standard English标准英语

safety standards安全标准

The students want to learn standard pronunciation.学生想学习标准的发音。

II．Difficult Sentences 1)Faced last autumn with the receion and with its failure to acquire

more flight slots out of Heathrow Airport, the company was having to

consider redundancies.要点：faced with:过去分词做状语，表示原因。

acquire flight slot: get or obtain flight schedule(for one’s own

airline)from the airport.航空公司获得机场额外安排的航班，以填补飞行空挡。

译文：去年秋天，面对经济衰退以及无法从希思罗机场获得更多的额外航班的状况，该公司不得不考虑裁员。

2)Most of the volunteers were cabin crew but other staff, including

secretaries and pilots, took advantage of the offer as well.要点：including引导现在分词短语做非限制性定语，修饰staff.take advantage of:利用

翻译：大多数志愿者是乘务人员，但是其他的工作人员，包括秘书和飞行员，也同样享受这个政策。

Word Study 1.involve: 基本用法

1)vt.to cause someone to become connected or concerned使（某人）卷入；牵涉（某人）

【例句】It shouldn’t be neceary to involve the other departments.没必要把其他部门也牵涉进来。

Please don’t involve me in your domestic problems.请别把我卷入你们的家庭问题中去

2)vt.to have something as a neceary part or result包含，含有„„结果。

【例句】The job involved my living in London.工作需要我住在伦敦。

Giving advice at the right time has to involve a great deal of

intelligence.在适当的时间提建议需要人的睿智。

相关搭配：

involve with/in卷入，牵涉

be/become/get involved牵涉进

【例句】involve the country in a war使国家陷入战祸。

I wouldn’t get involved with him if I were you.如果我是你，我就不会卷进与他的瓜葛。

be involved with涉及

【例句】This problem is closely involved with the management of pastures.这问题跟牧场的管理紧密相关。

相关词：

involved: adj.卷入的，参与的【例句】She’s involved in Red Cro work.她参与了红十字会的工作。

involvement: n.连累，包含，牵连到的事物

【例句】the active involvement of thousands of people in the election

campaign.在竞选活动中成千上万的人的积极参与

The government is trying to play down their involvement in the

affair.政府极力淡化与该事的瓜葛。

Many people were elected to take part in democratic involvement.很多人被选举参与民主管理。

2.content 基本用法

1)adj.[never before a noun不能用于名词前]satisfied and happy心满意足的【例句】Dad seems really content since he retired.爸爸自退休以后，似乎很满足。

I’m very content with what I’ve got.我对于自己所拥有的一切感到非常满足。

She was content to let him deal with all the arrangements.她很愿意让他去做一切安排。

2)vt.to make someone feel happy or satisfied使（某人）心满意足

【例句】Simple praise is enough to content him.他只要听到实事求是的表扬就心满意足了。

As there is no cream, we’ll have to content ourselves with black

coffee.既然没有奶油，我们只好喝黑咖啡算了。

3)n.the subject matter of something内容

【例句】It’s not the style of the book I object to;it’s the content.我反对的不是那本书的风格，而是内容。

4)n.the amount of a substance contained in something含量

【例句】Oranges have a high water contents.橘子的水分含量很高。

5)contents[pl] the things that are contained in something内含物，内容

【例句】Check the chapter headings on the contents page.在目录页查一下各章的标题。

He drank the entire contents of the bottle.他把瓶里的东西喝光了。

相关用法：

be content to/with满足的，满意的content oneself with something使自己满足于某物

【例句】He is content to stay in his present job.他对现在的工作心满意足。

He is content with present life.他对现在的生活很满意。

We can’t go abroad so we content ourselves with a holiday in

Shanghai.今年我们不能出国，所以只能去上海度假了。

3)advance 基本用法：

1)vi.to improve in understanding or development取得进展，改进

【例句】Scientists have advanced greatly in their knowledge of physics.科学家对物理学的了解已取得巨大进展。

2)vt.to help or support a cause促进，推进

【例句】advance the cause of peace促进和平事业

advance one’s own interests at the expense of others损人利己

3)vt.to bring something forward把（某事）提前

【例句】The date of the meeting was advanced.会议的日期提前了。

The clock has been advanced one hour.钟已拨快一小时。

4)vt.to provide money earlier than the usual or proper time预付（钱）

【例句】The company will advance you ￡200 until your salary is paid.在给你发工资前，公司将预付你两百英镑。

5)vt.to introduce or suggest something提出建议

【例句】The report advances the suggestion that safety standards should be

improved.该报告建议应该改进安全标准。

6)n.improvement or progre进展，进步

【例句】There have been great advances in medicine in the last 50 years.医学在过去的五十年有很大的发展。

7)n.money that is paid or lent before the proper time预支，贷款

【例句】Some authors are given an advance on their books.有些作者可以得到预支的稿费。

8)adj.happening before something else预先的，事前的【例句】We had no advance warning of his arrival.我们预先没有接到他将到达的提醒。

相关词：

advanced: adj.先进的，领先的，高级的【例句】England is an advanced industrial country.英国是一个发达的工业国家。

The ancient Egyptians had advanced civilization.古埃及人曾经拥有高度文明。

advancement: n.进步，发展，提升，升级

【例句】He’s very concerned about his own advancement at work.他十分关注自己在工作中的提升。

the advancement of learning学术的长进

相关搭配

in advance:在前面，预先，事先

【例句】The guard of honor marched in advance.仪仗队走在前头。

Pay ＄100 in advance.预付100美元。

You ought to have told me in advance.你本该事先告诉我的。

4.present 基本用法

1)vt.to give something to someone, especially at an official

ceremony赠给，献给，呈给

【例句】He presented a silver cup to the winner.他把银杯颁给了获胜者。

2)vt.to be the cause of a problem or difficulty引起（问题或困难）

【例句】His resignation presented us with a rather tricky situation.他的辞职让我们的处境相当尴尬。

3)vt.to give or show to people in a formal way提交，呈送

【例句】The committee is to present its report next week.委员会定于下星期提交报告。

4)vt.to show to the public in a theatre, cinema, etc.上演，上映（戏剧、电影等）

【例句】The local theatre company is presenting “Hamlet” next week.当地的剧团将于下周上演《哈姆雷特》。

5)n.something that you give to someone as a gift, often on a special

occasion礼物（常指在特殊场合赠送的礼品）

【例句】They unwrapped their Christmas presents.他们打开了自己的圣诞礼物。

6)n.the present: the time that is happening now现在【例句】You should live in the present—don’t worry about the future.你应当面对的是现在—不要担心将来。

the present tense现在时

7)adj.in a particular place at a particular time出席的，在场的【例句】How many people were present at the meeting?该会议有多少人出席？

8)adj.existing now现存的，现在的【例句】the present government现政府

the present system现行制度

articles for present use供眼下使用的物品

相关搭配：

at present现在，目前

【例句】I don’t want to get married at present.我目前不想结婚。

He is at present in Beijing.他眼下在北京。

be present to出现在（头脑、想象等）之中

【例句】The scenic spot is still vividly present to our senses.风景胜地仍然栩栩如生地浮现在我们眼前。

make a present of sth to sb./make sb a present of sth把某物赠送给某人，奉送某人某物

【例句】He made me a present of a book.他送给我一本书。

相关词

presentation: n.赠送，授予，提出，提供，呈现，显示，引见，表演，上演

【例句】the presentation of a gift赠送礼物

The scholarship was an annual presentation.奖学金每年颁授一次。

His presentation was clear and incisive.他的叙述清晰而犀利。

the presentation of sb.to„向„„引见某人

【例句】the presentation of the new ballet新芭蕾剧的上演

5.initiative 基本用法

1)n.the first movement or action which starts something happening发端，首创

【例句】launch a new peace initiative提出一项新的和平倡议

lack initiative缺乏首创精神

a man of great initiative进取心很强的人

2)n.the ability to make decisions and take action without the help of

other people决断能力，主动能力

【例句】I wish you’d show some initiative instead of always asking me what to

do.我希望你表现得主动一些，别老是问我该做什么。

相关搭配

take the initiative首先做某事，采取主动

【例句】He has taken the initiative to improve relations with her.他首先主动与她改善关系。

We should not take the initiative on bombing.我们不应该首先发动轰炸。

on your own initiative主动地，自己决定地

【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗？

相关词

initial: adj.最初的，开始的【例句】the initial expenditure创办费

The doctor charged ￡7 for the initial consultation.医生收初诊费7磅。

initiate: vt.发起，创办，提出（措施等）

【例句】initiate a conversation开始交谈

initiate a chain reaction引起连锁反应

The club will initiate new members on Tuesday.俱乐部将在星期二正式接纳新会员。

Grammar Focus Words of Job Application 关于求职的英语单词

I.1.在求职前，应先做好CV（=Curriculum Vitae）（简短的）履历表。它应包括：personal

details个人资料，qualifications资历，experience工作经历

2.留心各类job advertisement（招聘广告），注意查看job vacancy（职位空缺），job

title（工作名称或职别），job requirements（工作要求），salary（薪水），working

conditions（工作条件），career prospects（职业前途或职业发展前景）。

3.递交letter of application（求职信）

4.求职者将会在规定的时间和地点（appointment）参加面试(interview),用人单位将在面试者中选出最优秀的候选人(the best

candidates)。

II.在写英文简历时应包括以下方面

1.个人资料或个人详情 Personal Data or Personal Details

一、Name（姓名），二、Addre（通信地址）,三、Postal Code/ Zip code（邮政编号）,四、Phone

Number（电话号码）,五、Sex（性别）: Male（男）或Female（女）,六、Date of Birth/

D.O.B.（出生日期）,七、Birthplace（出生地点）,八、Nationality（国籍或民族）,九、Height（身高）,十、Weight（体重）,十一、Marital

Status（婚姻状况）,十二、Number of Children（子女人数）,十三、Health

Condition（健康状况）：excellent（极佳）、very

good（很好）、strong（强壮）,十四、Hobbies（业余爱好）,十五、Membership（会员资格）,十六、Number of

Identification Card（身份证号码）

2.应聘职位 Job Objective 3.工作经历 Work Experience 4.学历 Education 5.社会实践 Social Practice

6.课外活动 Extracurricular Activities 7.奖励 Rewards 8.技术资格与特别技能 Technical Qualifications and Special Skills 9.科研成果 Scientific Research Achievements Function and Structure Describe One’s Occupation(描述某人的职业)A.Expreions presented in this part can be used to describe one’s job and job-related experiences, but don’t forget that it’s often considered to be impolite or even rude to inquire about a person’s income directly.In some corporate cultures, employees are not allowed to compare and exchange information about salaries, rewards, bonuses, or other benefits they receive respectively.A probe into the details of one’s work responsibilities is also prohibitive in most cases.But for most young job starters, to learn something about the job they are going to take is eential for them to avoid job-hopping later: Is this job at the right level for you? Are you going to be proud of what you are doing? Are you earning le than others in the same position? You may approach friends, relatives or career advisors for such information.It’s also a good idea to explore further into a certain job position at the interview.To discu things like what you are expected to do exactly at work and what you can obtain from the job will impre the interviewers that you are rather serious about the job offer.B.询问某人的工作情况可从以下几个方面着手：

1）询问某人是干什么的：

What is your job? What do you do for a living? 2）在哪里工作：

Where do you work? 3）询问某人的职责：

What do you do there? 4）对工作的感受：

How do you like your work? C.Words and expreions relating to income:

salary: fixed compensation for services, paid to a person on a regular

basis薪水，薪金，付给一个人的固定劳动补偿，尤指公职人员，职员等拿的按年、按月或按周计算的年薪，月薪或周薪。

wages: payment for labor or services to a worker especially remuneration

on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece尤指按小时、天数或周给或按工作量给的工资。

pay: money given in return for work done酬金，包括工资，薪金

overtime pay: payment for additional work done outside of regular working

hours加班费，对在正常工作时间之外做的额外工作所付的报酬。

bonus: a sum of money or the equivalent given to an employee in addition

to the employee’s usual compensation奖金，给雇员工资以外的一笔钱，或相应的东西。

income: the amount of money or its equivalent received during a period of

time in exchange for labor or services, from the sale of goods or

property, or as profit from financial investments收入

allowance: something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a

specific purpose津贴，补贴

fringe benefits: an additional benefit provided to an employee, for

example, a company car or health insurance额外福利

D.accountant 会计 actor 男演员 actre 女演员 architect 建筑师 artist 艺术家 astronaut 宇航员 athlete 运动员 anthropologist人类学家 barber 理发师(男)baseball player 棒球选手 bell boy 门童 bellhop 旅馆的行李员 boxer 拳击手 broker(agent)经纪人 bus driver 公车(巴士)司机 butcher 屠夫,肉商buyer 采购员 carpenter木匠 cartoonist 漫画家 cashier 出纳员cook 厨师 chemist 化学师 clerk 店员 clown小丑computer programmer 程序员 cowboy牛仔 customs officer海关官员 dancer 舞者dentist 牙科医生 designer 设计师 desk clerk 接待员 detective 侦探doctor 医生 driver 司机 dustman 清洁工 editor 编辑electrician 电工 engineer 工程师 farmer 农夫 fashion designer时装设计师fireman(firefighter)消防员 fisherman 渔

夫 florist 花商 flyer 飞行员Foreign minister 外交部长 gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant 加油工 geologist 地质学家guard警卫 guide 导游 hairdreer 理发师,美容师(女)housekeeper 管家housewife家庭主妇 interpreter口译员 janitor 清洁工 journalist 记者judge 法官 lawyer律师 librarian图书管理员 life guard 救生员magician 魔术师 mathematician 数学家 mechanic 机械师 ,机修工 miner 矿工 model 模特儿 monk 和尚,教士 movie director 导演 movie star电影明星

musician音乐家 nun 尼姑 nurse 护士 policeman 警察

postman 邮差 President 总统 priest 牧师 profeor 教授

receptionist 接待员 repairman 修理工人 reporter 记者 sailor 船员，水手 salesman售货员 scientist 科学家 secretary 秘书 singer 歌手soldier 士兵,军人 tailor 裁缝师 taxi drive计程车司机 teacher 教师 technician 技术人员 tour guide 导游 traffic warden 交通管理员 translator 翻译（笔译）typist 打字员 vet 兽医 waiter 侍者(服务生)waitre 女侍者(服务生)writer 作家 worker 工人

Practical Reading Job Advertisement 1.PR: Public Relations公关

2.to do ten things at one: 字面上是“同时做10件事”，相当于说“办事高效”

3.leading: 领先的4.a superb opportunity: 口语化说法，意思是“绝佳的机会”

5.a Fortune 500 US manufacture:一家名列《财富》杂志500强的美国制造商

6.has„open: 有„„职位空缺

7.Aociate Bachelor Degree:大专文凭

8.equivalent: 同等水平

9.secretarial skills:文书工作

10.power point documents:电子幻灯演示文档

11.files:档案资料

12.corporate culture:企业文化

13.competitive compensation & benefit package:有竞争力的补助和福利套餐

14.Human Resources Department:人力资源部 Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After cla, students should learn more details.