精读教案1_新视野1教案精读1
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Unit 1 Eentials of busine Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims
By the end of this leon, students should be able to: A.Know what busine is and the four basic factors of production.B.Understand how to greet people and say good-bye in informal and formal situations.C.Master countable and uncountable nouns.D.Grasp the words and phrases related to busine.II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background A.Busine(生意)In busine English, busine means the organized effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, the goods and services that satisfy society’s needs.Generally busine can mean buying or selling goods or services.That is the activity of making money by
producing or buying and selling goods, or by providing services.When it is used in this meaning, it is uncountable.It can also be used to refer to an organization such a company, shop, or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service.When it is used in this meaning, it is countable.B.Entrepreneur(企业家)A person who risks his or her time, effort, and money to start and operate a busine is called an entrepreneur.C.Types of busine Businees are generally of three types.Manufacturing businees(or manufacturers)are organized to proce various materials into tangible goods, such as trucks or towels.Service businees produce services, such as haircuts or legal advice.And some firms------called middlemen------are organized to buy the goods produced by manufacturers and then resell them.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points
1.relate: v.to connect 联系，涉及
[相关搭配] relate „to/with与„有关，有联系
【例句】Faced with the facts I had to relate the matter with you.面对这些事实我不得不把你和这件事联系起来。
[相关词] relation n.similarity, contrast or connection between people, things or events联系，关联，关系
【例句】There is close relation between rainfall and crop production.降雨量与农作物之间有密切的联系。
2.construct: v.build sth.;put or fit together;form 建造，建筑，构成【例句】construct a factory/ an airplane/a sentence 建工厂/造飞机/造句
[相关词] constructor n.person who constructs things建筑者，建设者
construction n.action or manner of constructing 建筑，建造的活动或方式
3.finance: v.provide money for(a project);fund 为（某计划）提供资金，提供款项
【例句】The scheme is partly financed by this company.此计划部分是由这家公司资助的。
finance company(or finance house): company that lends money for
hire-purchase transactions 信贷公司，财务公司
the Ministry of Finance 财政部
the Minister of Finance 财政部部长
[相关词]financial adj.concerning money and finance 财务的，金融的，财政的【例句】a financial magnate 金融巨头
financial circles 金融界
financial reports 会计报告
4.stock: n.[C usu pl] a portion of capital of a busine company held by an investor, share股份
[相关词]stockholder/ shareholder股东
stockbroker n.person who buys or sells stocks and shares for clients
证券经纪人；股票经纪人
stock exchange n.place where stocks and shares are publicly bought and sold
股票交易所；证券交易所
5.insurance: n.guarantee of compensation for lo, damage, sickne, etc.in return for regular payment 保险
【例句】an insurance against theft/ fire 盗窃保险/火险
personal insurance人身保险 6.secure: v.1）to make sure of getting sth.获得
【例句】He’s lucky to have secured himself such a good job.他能找到这么好的工作是幸福。
2）make safe 使安全，防护，保卫（常与against, from , to 连用）
【例句】By strengthening the river banks the city secured itself
against
flood.由于加固河堤，该城可以免遭水灾。7.distribute: vt.1)give or send out 分配，分发，配给（常与to, among 连用）
【例句】distribute the books to the students 给学生分发书本
2)spread out, scatter 分布，散步，散开（常与over连用）
【例句】Our shops are distributed all over the city.我们的商店遍布在城市的各个地方。
3)give out or deliver 分送，运送
【例句】The man had thirty parcels to be distributed at houses all over the town.这个人有30个包裹要分送全镇各家。
[相关词] distribution n.the act of distributing分配，分发
distributive adj.of or having to do with distribution分配的，分布的8.estate: n.1)a large area of land developed for a specific purpose, e.g.for houses or factories 做某种用途的地区
【例句】a housing/ trading estate 住宅区/商业区 an industrial estate 工业区
2)area of land, esp.in the country 地产，（尤指）庄园
【例句】He owns a large estate in Scotland.他在苏格兰有大量地产。
3)all the money and property that a person owns , esp.that which is left at death
个人财产，（尤指）遗产
【例句】Her estate was divided among her four children.她的遗产分给了她的四个子女。9.yield: v.1)to give, produce, bear, etc.生产，出产，生长出，结出
【例句】The tree has yielded a lot of apples this year.这棵树今年结了很多苹果。
This land yields abundantly.这块地收成很好。
2)give up, surrender 让步，让与，放弃，屈服，投降
【例句】He yielded all his poeions to the state.他把自己的所有财产都转让给了国家。
He was yielding to public preure.他屈服于舆论的压力。10.manufacture: v.1)to make goods on a large scale(尤指大量)生产
【例句】manufacture shoes 制造鞋
manufacturing industry制造业
2)invent 假造，虚构，捏造
【例句】She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.她编造瞎话以掩盖事实。
11.accomplish: v.to succeed in doing 完成【例句】He accomplished his purpose.他达到了他的目的。
[相关词]accomplished adj.完成的，达到的【例句】an accomplished fact 已成的事实
[相关词]accomplishment n.实行，完成，达到,成绩，成就 12.proce: v.1)to perform operation on(sth.)in computer(用计算机处理)【例句】data proceing equipment数据处理设备
2)a continued set of actions performed intentionally in order to reach some results 步骤，程序，过程
【例句】Unloading the cargo was a slow proce.卸货是个缓慢的过程。
in the proce 在进行中 13.conduct:
v.1)manage, direct, carry on 经营，管理，指挥
【例句】The oldest son conducts the family’s busine.由长子掌管家里的日常事务。
2)behave oneself 行为，举止
【例句】He conducted himself honestly.他为人诚恳。
3)lead or guide 指导，引导
【例句】The curator conducted the visitors round the museum.馆长领着游客们在博物馆各处参观。
n.1)moral behavior 行为，品行
【例句】His conduct in school is excellent.他在学校的品行是极好的。
2)manner of directing or managing affairs.执导，管理
【例句】under the conduct of 在„的引导下
His conduct of the busine was very succeful.他的商业经营十分成功。
14.initiate: v.1)start(sth.)working 创始，发起
【例句】This year we shall initiate a series of free concerts.今年我们将发起一系列的免费音乐会。
They initiated certain reforms.他们创始了某些改革。
2)introduce(someone)into a club, group esp.with a special
ceremony
以正式方式介绍加入
【例句】We were initiated into a sports club by one of the members.一位老会员以正式仪式介绍我们加入体育运动俱乐部。
[相关词] initiation n.创始，开始
initiative adj.主动的，起始的，初步的15.innovative: adj.make changes, bring in sth.new or new ways of doing
things革新，变革：（常与 on, upon 或in连用）
[相关词] innovation n.改革，革新
innovational adj.革新的，富有革新精神的innovative, innovatory adj.tending to innovate, characterized by
innovation 革新的，创新的，富于革新精神的innovator n..革新者，创新者
【例句】innovative behavior革新的行动
Inventors are innovative people.发明者都是富于革新精神的人。
innovate in techniques 在工艺上革新
innovate upon religious forms革新宗教形式
These are innovations in methods of teaching.这些都是教学方法上的改革。
16.profit: 1)n.money gained by busine 收益，利润，赢利
【例句】How much profit did you make? 你获多少利润？
2)n.advantage or benefit gained from sth.益处，好处
【例句】What profit is there in worrying? 担忧有何益处？
There is no profit in such pursuits.做这种事情徒劳无益。
3)vt.be of use or advantage to sth.or sb.有利于，有益于
【例句】It’ll not profit you to start an argument.引起争论对你不利。
4)vi.learn or gain advantage from 得利，获益（常与by, from连用）
【例句】I profited by/ from the deal.我在那笔交易中获利。
He profited greatly from his year abroad.他在国外的一年获益匪浅。
[相关词] profitable adj.1）yielding profit 有利可图的，有赢利的【例句】profitable busine 有利可图的买卖
2)resulting in advantage 有益的，有用的【例句】His advice was profitable to all of us.他的建议对我们大家都有好处。
profitle adj.无益的，无利可图的，没有好处
profitably adv.有利地，赢利地，有益地
17.relate…to/with:
1)relate sth.to /with sth.connect(two things)in thought or meaning;
aociate sth.with sth.else(在思想上或意义上)将(两事物.)联系起来；将某事物与另一事物相联系
【例句】It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case.这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来。
People relate high wages to/with high consumption.人们把高收入和高消费联系起来。
2)relate to sb./sth.be connected with sb./sth.else;refer to sb./sth.与某人[某事物]有关；涉及某人[某事物] 【例句】Wealth is seldom related to happine.财富鲜与幸福相关。
Statements relating to his resignation 与他辞职一事有关的说法
18.refer to:
1)mention, speak of , be directed towards 提及`，谈到，指
【例句】He doesn’t like anyone referring to his wooden leg.他不喜欢任何人提及他那条木制的假腿。
The new law doesn’t refer to land used for farming.这条新法令并非指农用土地。
2)look for information or help参考，引用，查询，查阅
【例句】If I’m not sure how to spell a word, I refer to a dictionary.若拿不准一个单词的拼法，我便查阅词典。
19.be extracted from: to take sth.from sth.else 从„„中提取
【例句】Oil can be extracted from olive.油可自橄榄中榨取。
A miner extracts gold from earth.矿工从泥土里提取黄金。
Some sentences are extracted from grammar books.一些句子可从语法书中摘取。
20.be responsible for: to have the duty of looking after sth.对„„负责； 负责某事
【例句】He is not primarily responsible for it.他对这事不负主要责任。
directly responsible for 对„„ 直接负责
hold sb responsible for 使某人负担„的责任
make oneself responsible for 负起„的责任
21.decide on: consider and come to a conclusion;make up one’s mind
做出决定（选定某物）
【例句】After seeing so many candidates we have decided on this one.我们见了所有的候选人，决定选这位。
decide against: 决定反对„，做出不利于„的决定
decide against changing the job 决定不改变工作
22.distribute…to/among: separate sth.into parts and give a share to each
person or thing;give or send out 分配，分发，配给
【例句】He distributed the food to the hungry people.他把食物分给饥饿的人。
Mother distributed the candy among the children.母亲把糖果分给孩子们。
23.pay for:
1)to give money for 为„什么而付钱
【例句】They tried to leave the restaurant without paying for their
meal.他们不付钱就要溜走。
How much did you pay for your house? 你们买房花了多少钱？
2)suffer or be punished for sth.为某事是苦头或受惩罚。
【例句】I’ll make him pay for his insolence!他蛮横无礼，我要让他尝尝苦头。
He paid much for his own dishonesty.他为自己的不诚实付出了巨大的代价。
II．Difficult Sentences 1)Other forms of busine include merchandising, which is the selling of
products, and providing various services, such as accounting,distributing, and repairs.要点：本句的主语是other forms of busine谓语动词是
include;
include后跟了两个宾语merchandising和providing various services而which is the
selling of products为定语从句，修饰merchandising;such as accounting，distributing, and repairs也是定语，举例说明前面的various services.译文：其他形式的生意包括出售产品之类的买卖和提供诸如会计，分配和修理等不同形式的服务。
2)It refers not only to a piece of real estate where we might build a
factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production.要点：本句由but连接一个并列句，在句中又由not only„„ but also这一结构连接两个并列的谓语动词refer
to和means。where we might build a factory做定语，修饰a piece of real estate;
在后面的句子中used为过去分词做定语修饰前面的raw
materials, 可以把它改成定语从句which are used for
production。
译文：土地不仅指我们可以建造房子的一块地，也指用于生产的所有原材料。
3)Therefore, to a certain extent the next factor, capital, can be used to
replace labor or reduce the amount of physical and mental labor that
humans have to use in order to conduct busine.要点：to a certain extent: to a certain degree达到某程度
or在本句中连接两个并列的谓语动词replace 和reduce;that humans have to use in order to
conduct busine 为定语从句，修饰前面的physical and mental labor。
译文： 因此，某种程度上，下一个要素-资本，可以用来取代劳动或者减少为了经营生意，人类不得不花费的体力和脑力劳动的量。
4)He must be able to decide on the value of things that other
people
invent, whether it is a new toy, a new method of filing, or a new way of
advertising.要点：decide on/upon: 对„„作出决定
【例句】They have decided on/upon building a reservoir there.他们决定要在那里建一座水库。
句中whether it is a new toy ,a new method of filing, or a new way of
advertising shi 是名词性从句，修饰前面的things.译文：他必须能够决定其他人发明出来的东西的价值，不管它是一个新玩具，一种新的文件归档的方法或者是一种新的广告宣传方式。
5)It is hard for the employees who may have to seek work elsewhere;the
customers must look for another place to buy the products;creditors
usually lose some of the money to the company.要点：本句是由三个句子组成的并列句，具体解释了前面的it causes problems for many people.译文：对于那些不得不在其他地方找工作的员工们来说，这是一件难事；顾客们必须寻找另外一个地方购买产品；债权人通常也会从这个公司失去一些钱。
III.Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction: What is Busine?
Busine is the activity of producing and distributing goods and services.This paragraph explains the definition of busine through three ways: 1)Busine includes the production of goods.2)Busine can also provide the finance for production activities.3)Busine also includes merchandising products and providing various
services.Part II(Paragraph 2-8)
Explanation of the four basic factors of production 1)(Paragraph 2)It introduces the four basic factors of production: land，labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.2)(Paragraph 3)It explains what land is: land not only refers to a piece
of real estate, it also means all the raw materials for production
extracted from the land, the air, and the oceans.3)(Paragraph 4-5)These two paragraphs explain what labor is: labor
refers to the use of mental or physical work to produce goods.(1)In industrialized countries, labor is generally more mental than
physical.(2)In other countries, robots and other forms of data proceing
equipment perform many jobs requiring a lot of mental labor in the past.4)(Paragraph 6)It explains what capital means: Capital refers to
anything that helps to produce and distribute goods.(1)Generally capital means wealth or money.(2)It also means the equipment that money purchases, eg.tools, machines
and buildings.5)(Paragraph 7-8)These two paragraphs explain what entrepreneurship is:
Entrepreneurship refers to some activities conducted by the entrepreneur
by initiating busine activity and managing the busine.It emphasizes
that in order to be succeful, an entrepreneur must be
innovative and be
able to decide on the value of things invented by others.Part III(paragraph 9)Discuion of the risks of the busine 1)It emphasizes that everyone connected with a busine shares the risks
of the busine.But the entrepreneur takes the biggest one.2)It illustrates when the busine is profitable and when it goes
bankrupt.Reading II I.Notes 1.辨析company, firm and busine “A company” is an organization made up of people who work together for the
purposes of making or selling goods or services in order to get money.【例句】an insurance/ automobile company 保险公司/ 汽车公司
a state-owned company国营公司
“A firm” refers to a small busine company that makes goods or provides
services.【例句】a law firm 法律公司
an engineering firm工程公司
a firm of accountants 会计师事务所
“A busine” is a shop, a factory or a company that sells goods or
provides services, esp.one that employs a small number of people or even
only one person.【例句】He runs a small busine in the town.他在镇上经营着一家小铺子。
to start up a new busine 新开一家商号
2.“sb.be said to do”: 据说 This phrase can be used to introduce
information or meage.Besides “ said”, some other verbs can also be
used, such as “ aumed, believed, considered, estimated, expected，recognized, recommended, regarded, reported, supposed”.相当于 “It is said +that clause” 结构
【例句】He is said to be the richest man in the world.= It is said that he is
the richest man in the world.据说他是世界上最富有的人。
3.expand: to increase something so that it covers a wider area or range
of activities.使（某事物）变大，扩大，增大，增加，增强，扩展
【例句】expand busine 扩展生意
Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热则膨胀。
[相关词]expansion n.扩大，扩展，膨胀
4.tonne: metric ton, measurement of weight, which is equal to 1,000 kg.公吨
5.in bulk: in large quantities大批，整批
【例句】to buy/ sell in bulk整批或大批购买/出售
We always buy in bulk then we will get a big discount.我们总是大批购买，这样我们就能获得比较大的折扣。
6.wholesale & retail: Wholesale refers to the sale of goods in large quantities at a time，usually to storekeepers or others who will in turn sell them in small
quantities to users.批发
Retail is the sales of goods in small quantities at a time, directly to
the consumer.零售
[相关词]wholesaler 批发商
retailer 零售商
7.distributor: a wholesaler who has exclusive rights to market, within a
given territory, the goods of a manufacturer or company.批发商
8.compete: to try to win something竞争
[相关搭配] compete for: 为„„ 而竞争
【例句】compete for attention 争着出风头
compete for the contract 为赢得合同而竞争
[相关搭配] to compete with/ against 竞争，对抗比赛
【例句】compete with/ against each other 相互竞争
compete with a trading company for the contract为合同和一家外贸公司展开竞争
[相关词] competition n.比赛，竞赛
competitive adj.比赛的，竞争的competitor n.竞争者，比赛者，对手，敌手
9.keep ahead of: surpa, be in a more succeful position than胜过，优于，领先于
【例句】If she works hard, she will surely keep ahead of her colleagues.10.have an advantage over somebody: to have a better position than
somebody与„„相比具有优势
【例句】 She has an advantage over other girls.她比其他女孩子具有优势。
11．give sb./ sth.an edge on/over = have an/the edge on/over: have a
slight advantage over sb./sth.略胜过某人/某物
【例句】The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his older opponent.这个年轻的网球运动员显然比哪个年纪大的对手略胜一筹。
II．Difficult Sentences 1)A firm which is just starting up is going into busine and a company
which stops operating goes out of busine.要点: which is just starting up为定语从句修饰主语a firm;which stops operating
为又一个定语从句修饰主语a company.start up: begin working , running启动，开始
go into busine: to begin busine 开始做生意
go out of busine: become bankrupt 破产，倒闭
译文：刚初建起来的公司就开业了，而停止运营的公司就破产停业了。
2）If one year it produces 100 tonnes and the next year it produces 110
tonnes, it has increased production by 10%.要点: “increase production by”.Here the proposition “by” indicates the
amount or degree of increase, and the Chinese for it is 增加了.Similarly，“to reduce„„by” means 减少了。
If we use another proposition “to”, it indicates the total amount
including the part that has been increased “增加到” or reduced, “减少到”。
【例句】Our car production has increased by 10% to 33,000 a year.我们的年汽车产量增加了10%，增加到了33，000辆。
译文：如果厂家一年生产100公吨，下一年生产110公吨，它的产量就增加了10%。
Word Study 1.risk 基本用法
n.1)a danger(of)sth.that may have a(stated)bad result 风险，危险性：
【例句】There is a risk.有很大危险性。
The busine was insured against the risk of failure.那家企业投保以防破产的风险。
2)a danger 危险：
Fishermen face a lot of risks in their daily lives.渔民在日常生活中面临着很多危险。
3)（stated）danger , a person or thing that is a(stated)danger for the
insurance
(某种)险；被保人，被保物：
【例句】fire risk火险
He is a good risk.他是个条件好的被保对象。
vt.1)place in danger 下赌注：
【例句】He risked his fame.他以他的名声作赌
2)take the chance of 冒„„的危险：
【例句】He risked his life for honor’s sake.他为了名誉而甘冒生命危险。
相关搭配：
at all risks无论冒多大风险
at risk 在危险中
at the risk of 冒着„的危险
相关词
risky adj.dangerous 危险的2.perform 基本用法
vt.1)do, accomplish, carry out(a place of work)做；完成；实行：（比 do, carry
out 正式）
【例句】The doctor performed a difficult operation.那位医生做了一个复杂的手术。
2)fulfill(a promise, order, etc.)履行，执行（允诺，命令）
【例句】He performed his duty faithfully.他忠实地履行了他的职责。
3)direct or go though the form and actions of(a ceremony)指挥或举行（仪式）
【例句】The ceremony was performed on April fifteenth.四月十五举行仪式。
vi.1)of machines work(in the proper or intended way)(机器)操作
【例句】Is that new car fulfilling well ? 那辆新车好开吗? 2)(of people)carry out a particular activity, esp.well and with great
skill(人)表现
【例句】He performs well under preure.在艰难情况下他表现得很坚强。
相关词
performance n..1)the action of performing sth.执行，履行，实现
2)the action or an act of performing 表演，演出
3)the ability to do sth.性能，能力
performer n.a person(or thing)that performs, esp.an actor, musician表演者
3.replace
基本用法
vt.1)put sth.in its former or proper place again 放回
【例句】He replaced the book on the shelf.他把书放回架上。
2)pay back 送还
【例句】Has he replaced the borrowed money? 他借的钱还了没有？
3)take the place of 代替，取代
【例句】Can anything replace a mother’s love and care? 有什么东西能取代母爱和关怀吗？
Horses have been replaced by cars.马已被汽车所代替？
相关词
replacement n.代替，替换
4.limit 基本用法
n.1).the farthest point or place, boundary 界限，界线，边
界
【例句】Yao Ming’s fame paed beyond the limits of China.姚明的名声超越了中国的国界。
2).the largest(or smallest)extent 限度，范围，极限
【例句】His energy seems to have no limits.他的精力似乎无限。
3).restriction 限制，限定
【例句】Is there a speed limit on that throughway? 那条快车道限定车速吗？
vt.keep below or at a certain point or amount 限定，限制
【例句】Our holidays are limited to two weeks a year.我们的假期被限定为一年两周。
相关搭配：
limit sth./sb.to 限定于
【例句】I’ll limit myself to the discuion of this topic.我将只限于讨论这个题目。
within the limits of 在„的范围内
without limits无限制的，无限的reach the limit of one’s resources 山穷水尽
相关词
limitation n.an act of limiting 限度，极限，范围
limited adj.having a limit, narrow 有限的，限定的，狭窄的limitle adj.without limit or end无限的，无止境的5.share 基本用法
n.1)one of the parts of sth.that is divided among several people, etc.一份，份儿。份额
【例句】Everybody ought to have his proper share.每个人都应得到他应得的一份。
His company now commands a larger share of trade in the European market.现在他的公司在欧洲市场的贸易中占很大的份额。
2).one of the equal parts into which the capital of a busine firm is
divided 股，股份
【例句】The company was formed with 3000 shares.该公司由3000 股组成。
v.have a share with sb.else 分享，分担，共享，共用
【例句】They share their joys and sorrows.他们同甘共苦。
Everyone in the house shares the bathroom.住在这所房子里的人共用这间浴室。
相关搭配：
have/take a/ one’s share in 分担，参加
on/upon shares 共负盈亏，同甘共苦
Grammar Focus Countable and Uncountable Nouns 可数名词与不可数名词
1.不可数名词
不可数名词通常指不能直接计数的名词（如land, advice等），表示材料和成分的物质名词，如coal, oil, air, cloth 等，和表示抽象概念的抽象名词，music, love, equality, modernization, trade, service,education 等。
2.集合名词的单复数用法
集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义。例如police, cattle, clothes, people, goods 等；
但有的集合名词也是不可数名词，如furniture, equipment, merchandise, machinery 等。
3.名词单复数的特殊变化
1)大多数名词直接加-s: 如soldier, model, car, joke 等。
2)以s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es: 如 bus, bo, match, sketch 等。
但如词尾ch 的发音为/k/, 其复数要加¬s: 如stomach.Epoch 3）以o结尾的单词：
a.有些加-es: 如hero, potato, tomato, echo等。
b.有些加¬s:如 piano, photo, tobacco, memo 等。
c.有些加-s/-es 均可：如cargo, motto, volcano 等。
4)一些以f或fe 结尾的可数名词复数需要把f 或fe变为ves。如: half, knife, leaf, life, shelf,thief, wife, wolf 等。
5)不规则变化
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, child-children, ox-oxen，phenomenon-phenomena, formula-formulae, criterion-criteria, basis-bases，thesis-theses, crisis-crises 6)单复数相同
deer, headquarters, means, series, species, sheep等。
4.可数名词和不可数名词的转化
1)当抽象名词表示抽象概念时，为不可数名词；但当抽象名词的意义具体化时，该名词为可数名词。如：
She was a beauty in her youth.(美人)She had much beauty in her youth,（美丽动人的气质）
2)动物的名称作个体解释时为可数名词；作肉解释时为不可数名词。如：
There are many chickens in the yard.(小鸡)I like chicken.(鸡肉)3)iron 解释为 “铁” 时为不可数名词；解释为 “熨斗”时为可数名词。如：
Iron is harder than aluminum.(铁)We need an iron.（熨斗）
4)experience 解释为“经验”时，为不可数名词；解释为“经历”时，为可数名词。如；
we share a common experience.（经历）
I have not much experience in teaching.（经验）
5)hair 解释为“头发”时，是不可数名词；但若强调一根根头发或几缕头发，则是可数。如： These old men have
long hair.（长头发）
Look!A hair is in my soup.（一根头发）
She has some grey hairs.(几根花白的头发)
6）paper 解释为“纸张”时，为不可数名词；解释为“考卷”、“报纸”或“文件”时，为可数名词。
7)room 解释为“房间”时，是可数名词；解释为“空间”时，是不可数名词。例如：
Make room for me, please..8)gla 表示“玻璃”时，是不可数名词；解释为“玻璃杯”时，是可数名词；glaes 还可以解释为“眼镜”，是复数形式。
9)space 表示“空间；太空”时，为不可数名词；表示“空格”时，为可数名词。
10)word 表示“词语”时，为可数名词；表示“消息”时，为不可数名词。例如：
How many words are there in this article?(单词)
Word came that the war had ended.(消息)Function and Structure 1.Using right vocabulary and phrases is important when you
meet someone or introduce yourself in English.First impreions are important, so here’s some guide to using the right expreion in the situation.Two friends’ meeting:
Friends often say “Hi” to each other.Then they often ask a general question, such as “How are you?” or “How are things?” or “How’s life?” The reply to this question is normally positive.“Fine thanks, and you?” “Fine thanks, what about yourself?” “Not bad.” Or “Can’t complain.”
Greeting people you don’t know:
You can say “Hello” to people you don’t know.A more formal greeting is “Good morning/afternoon/evening.” The other person normally replies with he same greeting as you have used, and then makes some polite conversation, such as “How was your trip?” or “Did you find our office easily?”
2.Chinese like to greet each other by asking questions such as “Where are you going(去哪呀)?” “Have you had dinner yet(吃过了吗)?” or “ Are you eating your lunch(吃饭呐)?” For Chinese, these questions are asked simply as sort of a greeting rather than a genuine request for information.But in English it is not appropriate
to greet people in this way.Questions of this sort are usually interrupted as a lead-in to a suggestion or invitation;otherwise, it seems rather weird or rude to ask about something quite obvious or very personal.3.Americans use “small talk” when they first meet another person.The most common topic of small talk is the weather;another very common topic is the speakers’ current surroundings------the room or building they are in, the sidewalk where they are standing, etc.Later, Americans may talk about past experiences they have both had, such as watching a particular TV program, going to New York, or eating at a particular restaurant.Besides these very general topics of small talk, Americans talk about different things according to the life situation of people involved and the setting in which the conversation is taking place.Students are likely to talk about their teachers and claes;if they are of the same sex, they are likely to discu their social lives.Adults may discu their jobs, interests, houses, or family members.Men are likely to talk about sports or cars.Housewives are likely to talk about their children or about household matters or personal care(e.g., hairdos).Americans are taught not to discu religion and politics unle they know the people they are talking to fairly well.Politics and religion are thought to be “
controversial”, and discuing a controversial topic can lead to an argument.There are other topics Americans generally avoid because they are “ too personal”.Financial matters is one.Inquiries about a person’s earning or about the amount someone paid for an item are usually not acceptable topics.Practical Reading 时间表是一种实用文体，形式直观，阅读的关键是要注意同所纵横坐标确定要学找的信息的位置。时间表往往涉及到以下内容：时间及其发生的时间；时间的顺序，排位。
在考查这类文体的阅读效果时,往往是图表给出了一部分内容,要求学生根据文章填出其他部分或其他环节等.要完成这类任务,学生需要在准确把握文章内容的基础上,读懂图表,并能够利用图表解决有关问题.本题要求学生能通过文字部分完成列车时刻表,考查学生跳读(也叫寻读,即scanning skill: glancing from point to point of, often hastily, casually, or in search of a particular item)的能力和推理的能力(inferring skill: deriving as a conclusion from facts or premises)。
根据原文前面3句话,我们可以将从Stone这个地方始发的时间,按照先后,一一列举出来。每个小时里的15和50分各有一班。
1.50分这一班中途不停,直达目的地Keel,是快车,所以时间是4小时20分.利用这一线索,我们可以知道6点50分,7点50分,8点50分,9点50分从Stone出发的列车,到达Keel的时间分别是11点10分,12点10分,13点10分和14点10分。
2.15分这一班在一小时和两小时15分后分别到达Mont和Trent,这样我们就可以得到6点15,7点15,8点15,9点15从Stone始发的列车分别到达Mont,Trent以及终点站的时间。
3.8点25分和9点25分另有两趟慢车,到达三个站所需时间与15分始发车一样.4.注意:题目要求我们完成的只是时刻表的一部分。
5.有了这个时刻表,要完成后面回答问题的练习,就一目了然了。
Notes 1.a stopping train:每站停靠的列车,慢车.2.a through train:快车,直达列车.这里through的意思是without stopping.3.community college: In Canada and the United States, a community college, sometimes called a junior college, is an educational institution providing post-secondary education and lower-level tertiary education, granting certificates, diplomas, and aociate’s degrees.美国和加拿大的社区大学，有点近似于我国培养大专生的地方性大学.4.graduation ceremony: 毕业典礼
5.attend a conference: 参加会议
6.do a survey on: 做关于„„的调查
7.marketing: 营销.注意,营销不同于销售(sales).营销是一个范围广泛、内容丰富的概念,是 “ 人或组织进行的社会的管理的过程, 是通过创造并交换产品价值来满足他们的基本需求和个性需求的过程”.(a social and managerial proce by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others------Philip Kotler)
Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After cla, students should learn more details.
