新视野英语教程教案book4unit8_新视野英语教程1教案
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Unit 8 Language Use Ⅰ Leading in 1.Introduction to the topic We use language to communicate with others, but language use is not simply what you choose to expre with words and sentences.Everything about you---your accent, your voice, your hand, your clothing---says something about who you are as a person.Even right now, as you read this, how you are sitting or standing or holding your head is communicating how you are feeling at this very moment.Without speaking a word, we can say so much.To prove this point, you only have to think about the look on your mother’s face when she is angry with you---there are simply no words neceary!2.Exploring Language use does not simply involve words and sentences.Body language also conveys something to our audience.Even our accent may draw different responses from others, as is shown by Text A, which reveals the prejudice of some Americans against foreign speakers of English.To achieve succe in their careers and to really be accepted by that society, foreign profeionals working in the US have to make extra efforts to get rid of their accents.Questions for discuion:(1)Do you speak Chinese with a local accent? If yes, please specify.(2)What might your attitude be towards one who speaks with a local accent? Ⅱ Text A : Losing an Accent to Achieve Succe New words voltage
n.[C;U] electrical force measured in volts 电压 [例] high-voltage power lines 高压电线
[例] The systems are getting smaller and using lower voltages.这些系统越来越小，用的电压越来越低。shipment
n.[C;U] a load of goods sent by sea, road, or air, or the act of sending them（经海路、陆路或航空运送的）货物；装运 [例] We ordered a large shipment of grain from that country.我们从那个国家订购了一大批谷物。
[例] The goods were seriously damaged in shipment.货物在装运中严重受损。submiion
n.[U] the state of being completely controlled by a person or group and obeying them 服从；顺从
[例] The city was starved into submiion due to the shortage of food.因为食物供应不足，城市里的人因饥饿而被迫降服。
[例] His madne frightened his parents into submiion to his will.他的疯狂吓得父母亲顺从了他的意愿。colleague
n.[C] someone one works with, especially in a profeion 同事；同僚 [例] a colleague of mine at the bank 我银行的一位同事
[例] My colleagues often helped me with my work.同事们经常在工作上帮助我。
imitation
n.[C;U] an attempt to imitate someone or something, or the act of doing this 模仿；仿效
[例] John did a brilliant imitation of his teacher.约翰惟妙惟肖地模仿了他的老师。
[例] Children learn a lot by imitation.孩子通过模仿学到很多东西。compensate
vi.replace or balance something good that has been lost or is lacking 弥补；抵消
[例] Her intelligence more than compensates for her lack of experience.她的才智大大弥补了经验的不足。
[例] Nothing could compensate for the lost youth.青春逝去是无法弥补的。vt.pay someone money because they have suffered injury, lo or damage 赔偿；补偿
[例] The insurance company compensated him for his lo in the fire.保险公司补偿了他在火灾中的损失。
[例] They were compensated for the damage to their house.他们的房子遭到破坏，得到了赔偿。prejudice
n.[C;U](an)unfair and often unfavorable opinion or feeling, sometimes resulting from dislike or distrust 偏见；成见；歧视
[例] He is not friendly to foreigners because of his prejudice against them.他对外国人并不友好，因为他对他们有成见。
[例] In traditional societies, people have prejudices against divorce.在传统的社会里，人们往往对离婚抱有偏见。reset
vt.change so as to show a different number, time, etc.校正；调整
[例] My watch is slow;I must reset it.我的表慢了，我得把它重新调一下。[例] Remember to reset your watch as soon as you reach your destination.记得一到目的地就调整一下你手表上的时间。compound
adj.consisting of two or more parts 复合的 [例] a compound noun 一个复合名词
[例] Can you gue the meaning of the compound word? 你能猜出这个复合词的意思吗？ visual
adj.of or gained by seeing 视觉的；视力的[例] Students will have a visual examination this afternoon.学生们下午检查视力。
[例] Visual education is fit for young children.直观教育适合幼儿。exhaust
vt.make someone extremely tired 使筋疲力尽
[例] A full day's teaching exhausts me.上一天的课让我精疲力竭。
[例] She was too exhausted to talk about her journey with us.她累得无法和我们谈她的旅程。injection
n.[C;U] a drug or another substance that is injected into the body 注射；注入；投入
[例] I felt much better after the doctor gave me an injection.医生给我打了一针后我感觉好多了。
[例] An injection of cash is neceary to start this project.要启动这项目需要投入现金。sponsor
vt.give money to a sports event, a person, etc.赞助；资助
[例] The football match was sponsored by a famous multi-national company.这场足球赛是由一家著名的跨国公司赞助的。
[例] Do you know which aociation sponsored that exhibition? 你知道那个展览会是由哪个协会赞助的吗？ make up
combine together to form as a whole 形成；组成；构成 [例] In this factory, people in their fifties make up the majority of those who were laid off in the reform.这家工厂改革中，下岗的人员大多数是50多岁的人。
[例] Female students make up one third of our cla.我们班级女生占了总人数的三分之一。point out
draw attention to the fact指出；指明
[例] The manager pointed out some problems in our work.经理指出了我们工作中的一些问题。
[例] My good friends often point out my weaknees and encourage me to improve myself.我的好朋友们经常指出我的弱点，并且鼓励我提高自己。
Ⅲ Detailed study of the text 1....he had to correct his speech —or it could cost him his career.Meaning:...he had to get rid of his accent;if he didn't, he would probably lose his job and ruin his career.2.This often resulted in mistakes being made in the shipments he ordered.Meaning: Incorrect pronunciation often led to mistakes made in the shipments he ordered.(So we can see his accent did have a negative effect on his work.)
3.Despite mixed feelings, he hired a speech coach to help him out.Meaning: Though he felt uncertain about what to do, he hired a speech coach to help him get rid of his accent.5.Young, first-generation foreign profeionals in America hoping to improve their careers appear to make up the majority of those paying to get rid of their accents.Meaning: Among those people who paid to get rid of their accents, most were young, first-generation foreign profeionals in America who hoped to have better prospects in their careers.8.Yet, none of that seemed to matter to them because they didn't have patience.Meaning: But neither my paion for work nor my ability seemed important to them because they weren't patient enough to listen to me, one who spoke English with an accent.9....Americans have a prejudice against those who speak with an accent.Meaning:...Americans have an unfair and unfavorable opinion about those who speak with an accent.10.We learn as babies to make these sounds by moving the lips, mouth, and tongue muscles in set patterns.Meaning: We learn to make these sounds when we are babies by moving the lips, mouth, and tongue muscles in fixed and regular ways.11.So a speech coach tries and resets these patterns for people who speak other languages.Meaning: So a speech coach tries to help people who speak different languages change these fixed ways of making sounds.13.Seeing himself allowed him to have a visual image to go along with the sounds he was making.Meaning: Seeing himself in the mirror enabled him to see how the mouth, lips, and the tongue moved while pronouncing the sounds.Unit 8 Language Use
Ⅰ New words study election
n.[C] an occasion when people vote to choose someone for an official position 选举
[例] All representatives will be chosen by election.所有代表都将由选举产生。
[例] He beat his opponents and won the election.他击败了对手，在选举中获胜了。seminar
n.[C] a small group, especially a cla of students with a teacher, meeting to study or talk about a subject（在老师指导下对某一专题进行的）讨论课；研讨会
[例] The seminar takes place once a month.讨论课每月举行一次。
[例] Profeor Liu spoke for half an hour at the end of the seminar.刘教授在研讨会结束时讲了半小时话。delivery
n.1.(singular)the manner or style of speaking in public 演说风格；讲话方式
[例] I was impreed by his delivery of a good speech.他出色的演讲给我留下了很深的印象。
[例] You'll have to work on your delivery.你还得在演说风格上下工夫。2.[C;U] the act or proce of sending goods, letters, etc.to someplace or someone 传递；运送
[例] When will the next postal delivery be? 下一次的邮递是什么时候？ [例] They complained about the delayed delivery.他们抱怨发货延误。lean
v.support or rest oneself in a sloping position against a wall or other surface 倚；靠
[例] The worker leaned the ladder against the wall and began to climb.工人把梯子靠在墙上，开始往上爬。
[例] The carpenter leaned the board against the wall and went outside.木匠把木板斜靠在墙上，走了出去。column
n.[C] a tall, solid, upright stone post used in a building as a support or decoration;anything similar to a column in shape, appearance, or use 圆柱；柱形物
[例] There are eight columns supporting the roof of the hall.8根圆柱撑起大厅的屋顶。
[例] We saw a column of black smoke rising from the valley.我们看见黑色的烟柱从山谷升起。tempt vt.make someone want to have or do something, even though they know they really should not 引诱；诱使
[例] Do not tempt Linda to try any ice cream since she is on a diet.别诱惑琳达吃冰淇淋，因为她在节食。
[例] A great variety of fresh fruits tempt me a lot in autumn.在秋天，各种各样的新鲜水果对我的诱惑力很大。embay
n.[C] the official building where a group of officials who represent their government in a foreign country's capital work 大使馆 [例] the British embay in China 英国驻中国大使馆
[例] Her father is a US diplomat aigned to the embay in Beijing.她的父亲是一位驻北京使馆的美国外交家。distinct
adj.clearly seen, heard, understood, etc.清晰的；清楚的；明显的[例] There is a distinct flavor of pepper in this dish.这盘菜里有明显的胡椒味。
[例] Hearing a distinct voice calling my name, I turned around and saw my best friend at university.我听见一个清晰的声音叫我的名字，转过身看到了大学里最好的朋友。vote
v.show by marking a piece of paper or raising one's hand which person one wants to elect or whether one supports a plan 投票； 表决
[例] The government was voted out of office at the election.那届政府在选举中落选了。
[例] I haven't decided which of them I shall vote for.我还没决定该投他们当中哪个人的票。repetitive
adj.that are said or done many times 重复的；反复的[例] I soon got bored by the repetitive routine of my job.我很快就对一成不变的工作感到厌倦了。
[例] Robin is tired of hearing his mother's repetitive words.罗宾对母亲的唠叨感到厌烦。emphasis
n.[C;U] special importance or attention that is given to one part of something 强调；重点 [例] Some scientists insist that more emphasis should be placed on research in this field.一些科学家认为这一领域的研究应该得到更多的重视。
[例] The painter put special emphasis on the expreion of the lady in the picture.画家尤其突出了女士的表情。diagram
n.[C] a plan or figure drawn to explain a machine, idea, etc.;a drawing that shows how something works rather than what it actually looks like 图表；一览图
[例] I have difficulty understanding circuit diagrams.我看不懂电路图。[例] Can you reduce the long explanations to simple diagrams? 能不能把你的长篇解释用些简单图表来表示？ graph
n.[C] a drawing, such as a curved line, which shows how(usually two)different values are related to each other（曲线）图表
[例] Students were asked to write a composition to describe the graph.学生们被要求写篇文章来描述一下图表。[例] The graph shows how the amount of money spent on housing by urban people has increased during the past 20 years.这个曲线图显示了过去20年里城市居民用于住房的钱是如何增加的。royal
adj.belonging to or connected with a king or queen 国王的；王室的[例] People always pay much attention to things that happen in the Royal family.人们往往很关心王室发生的事。
[例] The Royal wedding became the headline in all the papers.那次皇家婚礼成了所有报纸的头条新闻。
Ⅱ Phrases and expreions do up
fasten or tie 扣上；系上 [例] The mother asked her boy to do up his buttons since it was windy outside.因为外面风大，妈妈让儿子扣上衣扣。
[例] He stood in front of the mirror, doing up his tie.他站在镜子前系领带。
in general
usually;in most cases 大体上；一般而言
[例] Jack loves sports in general, and especially swimming.各种运动杰克一般都喜欢，尤其是游泳。
[例] In general, I agree with what you have said.我大体上同意你所说的。put on
arrange for the performance of a play, show, etc.上演；表演 [例] When will the play be put on? 这个剧什么时候上演？
[例] Her gestures were so theatrical while talking, as if she were putting on a show.她讲话时手势很夸张，像是在演戏似的。fall short
fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.未达到目标或标准等
[例] Falling short of the budget, they had to give up the plan.因为预算不够，他们不得不放弃计划。
[例] The supplies fell short and the army withdrew.军队因为供应不足而撤退了。run over
continue past the arranged time 超过时间
[例] The meeting ran over, and I was late for lunch.会议散得晚，我吃午饭迟了。
[例] Each speaker was allowed five minutes, but he ran over the time.每人有5分钟发言时间，可是他超时了。
Ⅲ Detailed study of the text
1.Appearances matter —perhaps they shouldn't, but they do.Meaning: Appearances are important —perhaps they shouldn't be so important, but they really are.2.If you want people to have confidence in what you are saying, you need to present yourself in a capable light.Meaning: If you want people to believe what you are saying, you need to make yourself look highly capable.3.Leaning against a column or dropping your head is a defense mechanism we all might be tempted to use when we're uncomfortable.Meaning: Leaning against a column or lowering your head is the posture we tend to take on to hide our embarrament when we're uncomfortable.4.On the other hand, don't stand like a guard on duty;you have to be able to move in a natural way in order to add expreion to your words.Meaning: On the other hand, you should stand in a natural way and avoid looking stiff;you have to be able to move in a natural way in order to expre yourself more effectively.5.In a small group, facial expreions will add a lot to the level of understanding achieved by the audience.Meaning: If the audience is not large, facial expreions of the speaker will help the audience understand the speech much better.6.In this case, make sure that your gestures are not repetitive, meaningle or too theatrical.Meaning: If you use your hands a lot while speaking, make sure that you don't repeat the same gestures too much, and that your gestures are meaningful and natural.7.The eyes, face, head, and indeed the whole body, can be brought into play when adding emphasis to the spoken word.Meaning: The eyes, face, head, and actually the whole body, can be used to emphasize what you are saying.8.This adds variety.Meaning: The use of different visual aids makes your speech more interesting.9.Be careful not to do this too much, though —you are giving a speech, not putting on a show.Meaning: But be careful not to use too many visual aids —remember that you are making a speech, not giving a performance.10.You should ensure that you don't fall short or run over the time allowed for your speech.Meaning: You should make sure that the length of your speech fits the length of time allowed for it —neither too long nor too short.
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