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George Gordon, Lord Byron(1788-1824)I.Byron’s Life Experience A.Early life and Works B.The Grand Tour C.Fame and Notoriety D.Switzerland, Italy and Shelley E.Greece and death He is well known in China.Don Juan, the long satirical epic, is generally considered his masterpiece.It is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women.In the conventional sense, Juan is immoral, yet Byron takes his poem as the most moral.Byron puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained from experience.It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear.As a leading Romanticist, Baron’s chief contribution is his creation of the ―Byronic hero‖, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiority in his paions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.The Byronic hero became an idol of the young.But to the conservative and reactionary forces in society, Byron was a Satan and they called his poetry ―Satanic‖.The figure is, to some extent, modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.And in his own time, Byron’s poetry exerted a powerful influence on writers all over Europe, because it expreed an ardent love of liberty and a fierce hatred of tyranny.He was admired by Pushkin and Lermontov in Ruia, Petofi in Hungary, Lu Xun in China and many others in Western Europe.乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron，1788-1824）生于伦敦一个破落贵族家庭，自幼有残疾，生性敏感，10岁时继承爵位，曾就读于剑桥大学三一学院，成年后为上议院的议员。拜伦在学生时代开始写诗，读书期间出版了诗集《闲散的时刻》（Hours of Idlene，1807），遭到《爱丁堡评论》（Edinburgh Review）杂志的攻击，他以《英国诗人与英格兰评论家》（English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, 1809）一诗进行回击，引起轰动。作者简介
809年，他取得上议院议员资格，随后到欧洲进行了为期两年的游历，遍访西班牙、希腊等国。1812年，拜伦发表了欧洲游历期间创作的《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》（Childe Herold’s Pilgrimage）的前两章，一举成名。随后他又相继写出叙事诗《异教徒》（The Giaour, 1813）、《阿比多斯的新娘》（The Bride of Abydos, 1813）、《柯林斯之围》（The Siege of Corinth, 1816）等。作者简介
1816年，拜伦因其离婚事件不为伦敦社会所容，愤然出走，离开了英国，再也没有回来。他先在瑞士逗留，结识了雪莱，后到意大利定居，此间创作了一系列剧作，如《曼弗雷德》（Manfred, 1817）和《该隐》（Cain, 1821）等，并开始创作其代表作《唐璜》（Don Juan, 1818-1823）。1823年7月，拜伦前往希腊，支援希腊人民反抗土耳其统治的斗争，次年病逝于营地。
II.Works A.Long Poems
1.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
2.Don Juan B.Byron’s Short Lyrics(nature, love and political aspiration)
1.She Walks in Beauty
2.When We Two Parted
3.Hebrew Melodies
4.Sonnet on Chillon Byronic Hero A theme that pervades much of Byron’s work is that of the Byronic hero, an idealized but flawed character whose attributes include: 1)being a rebel;2)having a distaste for social institutions;3)being an exile;4)expreing a lack of respect for rank and privilege;5)having great talent;6)hiding an unsavory past;7)being highly paionate;8)ultimately, being self-destructive.Ⅲ.Appreciation of his works: 1.When We Two Parted
It tells the story of a couple that shared a secret relationship and is forced to separate for a period of time, and during this period, the person to whom the poem is directed to commits an act of indiscretion and the speaker is shamed and betrayed.If he should meet his beloved again, he will greet her with ―silence and tears.‖
The poem is about Frances Webster, whom Byron didn’t seduce because she was a newlywed;but within a year it was reported she was having an affair with someone else, so Byron felt cheated.Although the publication date for this poem is 1808, Byron actually wrote it in 1813.This was to keep the identity of the person a secret.Detailed analysis: 1)Subject: looking back with regret at a broken relationship.It is aroused by the remembrance of their parting.2)Form: 4 octaves.All have very short lines, producing an effect of separation.Each two lines meant to be one – a severing.Punctuation gives even more expreion of the lines being broken, and his heart being broken.3)Tone: doleful, slow and sad, melancholy, grieving, depreing.Obviously he hasn’t yet got over the lo of his love.4)His intention is to unbottle his feelings: to portray his grief, lingering sorrow, as well as anger at being treated so.2.She Walks in Beauty
她走在美的光彩中
她走在美的光彩中，象夜晚
皎洁无云而且繁星漫天；
明与暗的最美妙的色泽 在她的仪容和秋波里呈现： 耀目的白天只嫌光太强，它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。增加或减少一份明与暗 就会损害这难言的美。美波动在她乌黑的发上，或者散布淡淡的光辉 在那脸庞，恬静的思绪 指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。
呵，那额际，那鲜艳的面颊，如此温和，平静，而又脉脉含情，那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，都在说明一个善良的生命： 她的头脑安于世间的一切，她的心充溢着真纯的爱情！
It was inspired by Mrs.Wilmot, Byron’s cousin, when he saw her wearing a spangled dre at Lady Sitwell’s party in June, 1814.She Walks in Beauty Form of the poem: The three stanzas of this poem all follow the same rhyme scheme(ababab, cdcdcd, efefef)and the same metrical pattern.She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudle climes and starry skies;The opening couplet is among the most memorable and most quoted lines in romantic poetry.They are effortle, graceful and beautiful, a fitting match for his poem about a woman who poees effortle grace and beauty.They bring together the opposing qualities of darkne and light that are at play throughout the three verses.And all that's best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow'd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.The focus of the vision is upon the details of the lady’s face and eyes, which reflect the mellowed and tender light.The pairing of two rhyming sounds in each stanza works well because the poem concerns itself with the two forces---darkne and light---at work in the woman’s beauty, and also the two areas of her beauty—the internal and the external.The rhyming words, especially in the first stanza, have importance: notice how ―night‖ rhymes with its opposites, ―light‖ and ―bright.‖
The poem uses images of light and darkne interacting to describe the wide spectrum of elements in a beautiful woman’s personality and looks.Lord Byron greatly admired his cousin’s serene qualities on that particular night and he has left us with an inspired poem.It starts off brilliantly;the first four lines are beautifully phrased.Also in evidence is the effortlely perfect scansion that characterizes Byron's work.However, the latter two verses lose that quality of delicate beauty, and degenerate into a somewhat lifele portrayal of a somewhat insipid set of traits.To be perfectly fair to Byron, it may just be that the poem has not aged well, but phrases like 'how pure, how dear' tend to jar, and the whole last verse has a 'pious' quality that borders on affectation.3.Child Harold’s Pilgrimage
The poem is a highly succeful expreion of the poet’s views and feelings.The whole poem is ostensibly a record of the ―pilgrimage or tour of a young English aristocrat which Byron facetiously compared to the adventures of a medieval knight‖.1)It shows his consistent attitude of antagonism toward tyranny and his great enthusiasm for freedom, which were revealed through his paionate utterances on the national liberation movement in different countries of Europe at the time.2)It contains many beautiful descriptive paages on wild nature, on waterfalls, storms, clouds, lightning and waves.He loves the scenes that are vigorous stimulants of human paions.3)His poetic style varies a great deal: from paionate outcries to pathetic utterances, from solemn expreions to ironic mockeries, from serious musings to playful fancies, from highly lyrical paages to everyday prosaic speech, from lofty phrases in the grand style to clownish play on words, from sublime to bathos.4.Don Juan(1818-1823)It contains 16 cantos and has been regarded as Byron’s masterpiece.1)The series of his adventures gives a panoramic view of the different types of society in different parts of Europe.2)Many different themes are touched upon or dealt with: love, religion, war, ethics, intrigues personal and political, despotism and response to it.3)It shows Byron’s progreive or even revolutionary stand in political, social and philosophical problems.4).It ridicules the education of the young in aristocratic circles in Catholic Spain, the slave market and the harem in Turkey and the impartial court at St.Petersburg.5).It shows his conviction that people will rise up one day against the tyrants and that revolution is the only remedy to change the world.6).Byron shows his penetrating insight into the very nature of bourgeois society as well as eentially siding with the oppreed against the oppreors.Ⅳ.Homework 1.Tell the theme of Don Juan.2.Make a comment on Byron.
