book 1 unit4 教案_book1m4教案
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Book1Unit Four
Text A I New Words 1 wrinkled having or showing small folds or lines in the skin 有皱纹的Wrinkled is chiefly used of a person or a person's skin, but it may also apply to certain objects that have raised folds or lines on them.Examples: a very old woman with a wrinkled face wrinkled socks She looked over her shoulders to make sure her dre wasn't wrinkled at the back.2sickly often ill 常病的A sickly person is weak, unhealthy, and often ill over a long period of time, while a sick person is one who has become ill for the moment.3poe own, have 拥有，具有
Poe means “own” or “have”, but poe is preferred to “own” or “have” in law as implying one's having full right to something;thus, a husband and wife might say that they “own” a house when legally only the husband poees it.Besides, a person poees, not “owns”, a characteristic, a quality, a power, etc.Examples: He never poeed much money, but he always poeed good health.She poees the qualities of a wise leader.4generation a single stage or step in family descent 代，一代
Apart from being used of people, generation applies also to a stage of development in the design and manufacture of machines or equipment.Examples: This photo shows three generations: my parents, my grandparents and myself.When a new generation of computers comes out, the price of older ones drops dramatically.5forbear(usu.pl.)祖先 6bundle(of)a number of articles tied, fastened or held together, usu.acro the middle 捆，束，包 Examples: a bundle of sticks(that are tied together)a bundle of clothes(that are wrapped up in a cloth or sheet)He had a bundle of newspapers under his arm.The books were tied in bundles of twenty.7laundry 1.clothes, sheets, etc., that need to be washed or have just been washed 付洗衣物；已洗好的衣物
Examples: There's not much laundry this week.Do you do laundry today? 2.a place or busine where clothes, etc., are washed and ironed 洗衣房，洗衣店 Examples: There's a self-service laundry on the street corner.He works at the hospital laundry.8accumulate gradually increase in numbers or amount until there is a large quantity in one place 积累，积聚
When you accumulate things or when they accumulate, you collect or gather them, or they increase in number or amount, over a period of time.Examples: He has accumulated a large collection of books over the last thirty years.Snow soon accumulated on the road, and the traffic was slowing down.9launder wash and iron clothes, sheets, etc.洗烫衣物 Examples: Send these shirts to be laundered.Washing machines have made laundering much easier.10endure suffer, undergo（pain, hardship, etc.）忍受(痛苦、困难等)，耐住
Endure usually refers to long-continued sufferings and suggests strength and firmne of mind.Examples: It's hard to endure a toothache.I cannot endure to see children suffer.11ble(with)使具有，使有权得到
If someone is bleed with a particular quality or skill, they have this quality or skill which is admired or which is an advantage to them.Examples: I have always been bleed with a good appetite.He is bleed with a good ear for languages;he speaks three fluently.12bear take(responsibility, etc.)on oneself 承担(责任等)Examples: The President has to bear the blame.Do the bride's parents have to bear the cost of the wedding? 13wedding a marriage ceremony, esp.with a party or meal after a church service 婚礼 14bride新娘
Other related words: bridegroom 新郎/bridesmaid 女傧相/best man 男傧相 15stubbornne
stubborn(the noun form of stubborn)倔强；顽强
1.顽固的，倔强的 2.顽强的，坚持的When used of people and their actions or behavior, stubborn often shows disapproval.Someone who is stubborn is determined to do what they want and very unwilling to change their mind.Examples: He's too stubborn to apologize.She's as stubborn as a mule--never will she compromise.The reform policy met some stubborn resistance.Stubborn stains(污迹)can be removed using a small amount of this soap powder.16stagger have trouble standing or walking;move unsteadily on one's feet, esp.because one is injured, tired or drunk 摇晃；蹒跚
an unsteady movement of a person having trouble walking or standing 摇晃；蹒跚 Examples: He staggered to the door, bleeding from his wounds.He picked up the heavy suitcase and started off with a stagger.17catastrophe a sudden, unexpected, and terrible event that causes great suffering, misfortune, or ruin
灾难，灾祸，大祸
Catastrophe is often used of an event or a situation that brings with it a violent social or political upheaval(动荡);it emphasizes the idea of an end.Examples: The flood last summer was a catastrophe.In the Greek mythology, Caandra was a prince of Troy who could predict catastrophes.The captain's folly hastened the catastrophe.18collapse(健康等)垮掉；倒坍
Collapse literally means suddenly fall down or fall inwards.When a person collapses, he suddenly falls down because he feels tired, weak or ill, or because he becomes unconscious.Examples: The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.He collapsed in the street and died on the way to hospital.19premonition预感
A premonition is a feeling that something is about to happen, often something unpleasant, even though one does not have a rational reason for believing it.Examples: My premonition was right.As we approached the house, I had a premonition that something terrible had happened.20mourn(for, over)feel and/or show grief, esp.for the death of someone;be sorrowful(对某人的亡故)感到悲痛；表示哀悼
If you mourn someone, mourn for(or over)someone, or mourn someone's death, you are very sad because they have died and you show how sad you are in the way that you behave.Examples: She mourned(for or over)her child for many years.The time to mourn my father's death is near.Mourn is also used of something that you like but you no longer have or you can no longer hope to have.Examples: I mourned for the lo of my precious youth.We all mourned the destruction of the well-loved building.21faithfully(the adverb form of faithful)1.with faith 忠实地
2.exactly 如实地；确切地
22faithful 1.loyal and true(to someone, to a cause, etc.)忠实的，忠诚的2.true to the facts or to an original 如实的 Examples: He is faithful in word and deed.I am a faithful listener to your program.a faithful report a faithful translation 23puff a sudden short rush of air, smoke, etc.一阵，一股(空气、烟雾等)Examples: a puff of breeze a puff of smoke 24totter walk with weak unsteady steps 蹒跚，踉跄
Totter usually suggests great physical weakne as that aociates with infancy, extremely old age, or disease.Examples: The child tottered acro the room.The old lady tottered down the stairs.25linen 亚麻(布)的亚麻布(或线)；亚麻织品（床单、被单、桌布等）
Linen is often used to refer to tablecloths, napkins, sheets, pillowcases and similar things made of cloth that are used in the house.Examples: a white linen towel/bed linen/table linen Don't wash your dirty linen in public.(Proverb, meaning “Don't discu or argue about unpleasant personal or private things in front of other people.)26utter make a(sound);say 发出(声音);说，讲
Utter strees the use of the voice and the act of putting into spoken words with no emphasis on why something is said or what is said.Examples: The first sound a child utters is usually “ ma”.He uttered her name in his dream.27unload 1.have(a load)removed 卸(货)2.remove a load from(something)
从...卸下货物,卸货 Examples: Have you unloaded the parcel from the car? The plane unloaded the paengers at the terminal.Their busine is to load and unload aircraft.Let's unload the mule.The ship will unload tomorrow.28mumble speak(words)unclearly in a quiet voice, without opening the mouth wide enough 含糊地说，咕哝 Examples: He mumbled a few words and went off.Don't mumble;I can't understand what you're saying.29sunken sunk 下陷的；凹陷的A person's face or body that is sunken seems to curve inwards, especially because of illne or old age.Examples: His cheeks are sunken.sunken eyes 30recover(from)return to the usual state of health, strength, ability, etc.痊愈，复原； 恢复 Examples: She's gradually recovering from her illne.He had not yet recovered from the shock.31somewhat by some degree or amount;a little 稍微，有点 Examples: I was somewhat annoyed by his words.My feelings towards my hometown have changed somewhat.32inform(of, about)tell, give information to 告诉，通知 Examples: If you saw the accident please inform the police.I was informed about this meeting only an hour ago.I informed her that I was unwell and could not come to her party.33contribute join with others in giving(money, help, etc.)捐(款)，贡献，提供（帮助）Examples: We contributed clothing for the flood victims.Everyone is called on to contribute ideas.The new policy greatly contributed to the economic development in this region.34resume begin(something, or doing something)again after a pause(中断后)重新开始，继续
Examples: We resumed our discuions after a short rest.Please don't resume reading the text until I tell you to.35mutter 轻声含糊地说
Compare mutter and murmur: To mutter means you say something quietly especailly when you are annoyed about something.When you murmur something you say it very quietly, so that not many people can hear what you are saying.Examples: The customer muttered his diatisfaction.She muttered a few words to me.”I love you,“ he murmured as their lips met.36load 一包(洗的衣服)；负荷，负载
装(货或人)；把货物(或人)装上(车、船、飞机等)Load is used either as a noun or a verb.Examples: Your words took a load off my mind.As the eldest son of the family, he is ready to bear a heavy load of responsibility.These trucks are loaded with coal.Have you loaded the camera(with film)? If you refer to a load of something, you are referring to a large amount of it and emphasizing that it is large.Examples: We've talked about a load of things.He has a load of friends.37property财产；所有物 Examples: His property will be divided equally among his children.This machine is a government property.Note that property is often used to refer to a house and its garden, or to a piece of land owned by a person or an institution, and the building or buildings that are on it.Examples: He's got his own property.(= his own house)There was a dam at one edge of the property.(= the piece of land)38fulfil do or perform(a duty, task, etc.)履行，完成
Fulfil implies a full realization of what is until now a concept, a plan, etc.or what exists potentially.Examples: The law has fulfilled its intended end.A nurse has many duties to fulfil in caring for the sick.They failed to fulfil their promise to revive the economy.39 undertake accept responsibility for(a piece of work)and start to do it 承担 Examples: I want you to undertake all the arrangements.We could undertake the work for the time being.II Phrases 1 lean on(or against)rest in a sloping position on for support靠在…上，倚在…上 Examples The old man stopped and leaned on his stick for a moment to recover.We have to lean heavily on our parents for financial support.2count out count one by one 逐一数出 Examples The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop aistant.3be bleed with be fortunate in having 有幸得到，具有
(Refer to ble in New Words)4take place 举行，进行 Examples When does the ceremony take place? We have never discovered what took place between them that night.5a good /great deal of quite a lot of 大量
Note that the phrase is only used of uncountable or abstract nouns.Examples The government has spent a great deal of money on housing.We spent a good deal of time practicing.There is a great deal of concern over this iue.6speak of suggest the idea of;show clearly that something happened or that it exists 显示；证明 When used in this metaphysical sense, speak of takes things, rather than people, as its subject and has nothing to do with the use of words.Examples The woman never mentioned the tragic death of her child, but her eyes spoke of suffering.Everything in the room speaks of the graceful taste of its owner.7at the most not more than(the stated amount)至多，不超过 Examples He had been gone fifteen minutes at the most.There was only room for one more person at most in the boat.8hear of
receive news about(someone or something)获知...的消息，听到...的消息 Examples I had never heard of Singer until he won the Nobel prize in 1991.I gave the taxi-driver the name of the hotel, but he said he had never heard of it.9stand/be on one’s feet
站了起来；(病后)恢复健康 Examples I have been on my feet all day.She stood on her feet and demanded that everyone listen to her.10with the help of 在...的帮助下 Examples With the help of the clamates, he soon managed to catch up after his recovery.We got the tin open with the help of a knife.11god forbid
may it not happen 但愿上帝不让这样的事情发生
If you say ”God forbid!“ or ”Heaven forbid!“ that a particular thing should happen or be done, you mean that you think it would be a very bad thing and you hope that it will not happen.Examples God forbid that anything should happen to that poor man.I hope we don't have any trouble with the car – God forbid!III Sentences 1 She was a real find.--We were lucky to have found such an exceptionally good washwoman.find--n.a person or place that is very suitable for a particular purpose and that has been discovered by chance;something valuable, interesting or useful which has been discovered after a search or an investigation Examples: They've got this new singer, and she's a real find.This actor was the theatrical find of the year.This rare edition of Dreams in the Red Mansions was a great find I made in a second-hand bookstore.2 And the drying!= And just think of all the drying she had to do!(which was not easy for her either)3 Only God knows what the old woman had to endure...--The old woman had to endure a great deal of hardships.If you say ”God knows“, ”God only knows“, or ”only God knows“ you are emphasizing that you don't know something or that you find a fact or event very surprising.Examples: God knows where they have gone!The rain will stop God knows when.God knows what mixture he had drunk the night before.4a certain pride and love of labor with which many members of the labor force have been bleed--(she was)proud and loved to work hard as many people of the working cla do.5Nor did he ever give her money.= And he never gave her any money either.Nor is a negative word often used after a negative statement to introduce another negative statement.When it occurs at the beginning of a sentence, the predicate(谓语)of the sentence should be arranged in a partially inverted(部分倒装)order.Examples: I couldn't understand a word they said, nor could they understand me.He can't see, nor could he hear until a month ago.6The old woman told this without bitterne.--The old woman talked about that calmly without showing any hatred or disappointment.7These hands spoke of the stubbornne of mankind, of the will to work not only as one's strength permits but beyond the limits of one's power.--The(trembling)hands of the washwoman suggested the determination and will in human nature to work not only as one is physically able to but even more than what one's physical strength permits.8Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet.= The old woman walked unsteadily while holding up the bundle, and her face was as white as a linen sheet.The first part of this sentence is in the inverted order(倒装)for the purpose of a closer connection to the previous sentence, while the second part is an absolute clause that describes an accompanying circumstance(伴随状况), which could easily be replaced by a clause introduced by and.Absolute clauses can also be used to describe a causal(原因的), temporal(时间的)connection.Examples: All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.The whole meeting in an uproar(吵闹), the chairman gave up the attempt to take a vote.9But God had not yet wanted to take this poor soul to Himself.--But this time the poor woman did not die.Christians believe that when people die their souls go to Heaven and join God.The pronoun(代词)Himself in the sentence when referring to God is always capitalized(大写)to show reverence(尊敬).10 I could not rest easy...= I could not relax and be comfortable...The word rest here is used as a link verb.The adjectives that often appear after the link verb rest include easy and aured.Examples: Never shall we rest easy with the honors we have won.You can rest aured that nothing like this will happen again.11What good would such a long life be? = What's the use of such a long life? / What's the purpose of such a long life? good--n.benefit;profit;advantage Examples: What good will it do to fu over(对…大惊小怪)such a small thing? I'm giving you this advice for your own good.12croed oneself--made a hand movement down and acro one's upper body as a religious act 13be driven by a strong will--be motivated by a strong will or personal desire drive--vt.push with force, motivate Examples: The play Othello is about how a man driven by suspicion and jealousy kills his innocent wife.He was driven to steal by extreme hunger.IV Grammar 1 ”as“ used to mean ”although“ to emphasize a contrast In a formal style, as can be used, with a special word order, to mean ”although“, and the construction suggests a very emphatic(显著的)contrast.Examples: Black and blind and poor as Stevie was, he had a happy childhood.Tall as he was, he was by no means a good basketball player.2 the ”could have done“ pattern The pattern ”could have done something“ is usually used to expre regret, diatisfaction, or reproach(责备)on the part of the speaker for something that the subject of the pattern had not been able to or had neglected to do.Examples: We could have paid more attention to the pollution from cars earlier.You could have finished this aignment during the weekend.Text B I Phrases 1 on one’s mind
troubling one's thoughts 压在心头；有心事
When you have something on your mind, you feel worried about it, but when you have something in mind(not in your mind), you are considering it as suitable for some purpose.Examples: My aistant resigned, so I've got a lot on my mind right now.With that on his mind, he is unable to sleep well.Who do you have in mind for the job? 2be good for(of a person or his credit)such that he will be able to repay(a sum lent)(指人或其信贷)有偿还(借款)能力的Examples: He(or His credit)is good for $5000.3on credit用赊欠的方法；凭信用 4open a door to make poible;create an opportunity for 导致；为…创造机会 Examples: This agreement opens the door to advances in technology.Smiles can open the door to a friendship.5keep one’s word
keep one's promise 遵守诺言 Examples: He is a man who never keeps his word.I promised her.I must keep my word.The opposite of keep one's word is break one's word(违背诺言).6do wrong commit sin;do evil 犯罪；干坏事
Wrong in the expreion is a noun.A wrong is an immoral or unjust action or situation, especially one that causes pain or worry to people.Examples: You didn't do wrong by refusing him.He remembered the wrong done to him.7have a stake in 与...有利害关系 利害关系；赌注
A stake is the amount of money which a gambler bets on a horse in a race, on a throw of a dice(骰子), etc.In extended use, if you have a stake in something such as a busine, property, or idea, you have a share or an interest in it, usually of a financial kind.Examples: We must give young people a stake in the country's future.He has a deep stake in this busine.I have no stake in how the trial comes out.He lost his stakes when the horse finished last.8out of habit出于习惯 Examples: He smokes out of habit, not for pleasure.I only do it out of habit.9think of as regard...as 把...看作 Examples: I didn't expect that my innocent remark would be thought of as an intentional insult.He thought of himself as a hero.10the reverse side of the coin the opposite argument, point of view, situation, etc.(论点、看法、事物等的另一方面)The reverse side of a coin is the back side of it.If you say that something is the reverse side of a coin, you mean it is the opposite way of looking at the situation you have been discuing.Examples: The English ￡1 coin has a royal coat of arms on the reverse side.Let us look at the reverse side of the coin.11out of wedlock婚外
the state of being married 婚姻，已婚状态
Wedlock is a word of old use.The expreion out of wedlock refers to parents who are not married.A child born out of wedlock is an illegitimate child(非婚生子).12attribute to believe(something)to be the result of(something)
把...归因于
(to)consider as being the result of, as coming from 把...归因于，把...归咎于
Examples: He attributed his succe to intelligence.Lung cancer has been attributed partially to smoking.13be committed to
be morally dedicated to;be bound as by a promise to 对…承担义务；承诺做… Examples: Everyone must be committed to the job or the project will fail.He was thoroughly committed to achieving equal rights for women workers.(Also refer to commit in New Words)14think twice think very carefully before deciding to do something 再想一想，重新考虑 Example: You should think twice about traveling with someone you are not very familiar with.15care about mind, be worried or concerned about 对...关心；注意 Examples: It's good to know that you care about us.All she cares about is her social life.16pa on give or leave to people who are younger or come later 传给(后代)If you pa something on to someone, you give it to them, for example after you have used it or after someone else has given it to you.Examples: Mother said she would pa on the ring to me.He handed a typewritten sheet to John to pa on to Henry.17to this day until now 到现在，至今 Examples: To this day I can't forget her facial expreion at that moment.To this day I still don't know why he did it.18know of have heard of 听说，了解
Examples: I know of the town, but I've never been there.Do you know of any way to remove an ink stain? 19 pave the way for(为)...铺路，为...做好准备
If one thing paves the way for another, it creates a situation in which the other thing is more likely to happen or can happen more easily.Examples: The agreement paves the way for a lasting peace.This meeting paves the way for further cooperation between China and Europe.II Difficult sentences 1 At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our family pickup, but this time there was something on my mind.--When I was 16, I was usually very excited to have a chance to drive our small family truck, but this time I was worrying about something.2whether they are ”good for it"--whether they could be trusted to buy things on credit 3cash was short--we didn't have enough money at hand 4Those three words had opened a door to an adult's respect and trust.--Simply because he learned I was James Williams' son, the farmer showed respect and trust for me.5We children...could enjoy that good name, unearned, unle and until we did something to lose it.--We children...were free to benefit from the respect for our family which had been earned by my parents.However, we might lose this respect if we ever did anything unworthy.6 We had a stake in one another--and in ourselves.--Every member of our family had a shared interest in the good name of the whole family.7 A good name, and the responsibility that came with it, forced us children to be better than we otherwise might be.--Because of our responsibility to keep our family's good reputation, we children always behaved ourselves.But for this good name, we might not have behaved as well as we did.8If pride in a good name keeps families and neighborhoods straight, a sense of shame is the reverse side of that coin.--Just as pride in a good name encourages people to act well at home and in public, the sense of shame when they do something bad will lead them to avoid any bad behavior.9none of these wrong things are the deep embarrament they should be.--people are not embarraed by any of these wrong things which should be embarraing.10kids don't think twice about bad language--young people do not hesitate to use bad language；it just seems normal to them.Text C 1This is why Jordan is Jordan.This is the reason why Jordan is such a great and respected figure.to build people up to incredible heights, then happily knock them down to praise people very highly first in order to viciously criticize them later The first journalist to really rip into Jordan is sure to make a national name for himself.A journalist who takes the lead in attacking Jordan will certainly become known nationwide.the day after the column ran
the day after the column was published in the newspaper Here it comes.The writer thinks that a criticism will now follow.6alerted me to this called my attention to this
