初中英语语法总结一览表_初中英语语法总结大表
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初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目 构成 用法 象征词 规则变化 不规则变化 例句 一般现在时 动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的动作或状态 Everyoftenalways on 天 in月、季、节、年。一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时 动词用过去时
Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.I studied hard last year.一般将来时 be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonightin 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow.现在进行时 be＋doing表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look now all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ingTom is writing now.They are lying on the bed.现在完成时
现在完成进行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years.He has slept for two days..过去进行时 was / were +doing
多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterday last Sunday evening 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时 had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time＋过去时
when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.过去将来时 would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he… the next day.He said that he would come here the next day.比较级形式
形容副词名词 后--er 前加more
名词比较用more 表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier good/well —bettermuch/many—moreShe is the tall in the two.He runs faster than Tom.最高级形式
形容副词名词 后-est 前加most
名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the ＋比较范围 of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her cla.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now.作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary.作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.作表语
His job is to take care of children.作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow.作定语
He has much homework
to do every day.主从复合句 状语从句
句子作状语（时间地点原因条件让步比较）
He was writing a letter when I came in。宾语从句
句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.定语从句
句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语
English is spokenby us
宾改主 谓语动词 bePP主by 宾 主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等)
初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目 构成 用法 象征词 规则变化 不规则变化 例句 一般现在时 动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的动作或状态 Everyoftenalways on 天 in月、季、节、年。一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时 动词用过去时
Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.I studied hard last year.一般将来时 be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonightin 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow.现在进行时 be＋doing表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look now all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ingTom is writing now.They are lying on the bed.现在完成时
现在完成进行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years.He has slept for two days..过去进行时 was / were +doing
多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时 had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time＋过去时
when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.过去将来时 would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he… the next day.He said that he would come here the next day.比较级形式
形容副词名词 后--er 前加more
名词比较用more 表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier good/well —bettermuch/many—moreShe is the tall in the two.He runs faster than Tom.最高级形式
形容副词名词 后-est 前加most
名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the ＋比较范围 of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her cla.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now.作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary.作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.作表语
His job is to take care of children.作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow.作定语
He has much homework
to do every day.主从复合句 状语从句
句子作状语（时间地点原因条件让步比较）
He was writing a letter when I came in。宾语从句
句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.定语从句
句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语
English is spokenby us
宾改主 谓语动词 bePP主by 宾 主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等)
