高中英语语法讲练结合构词法_高中英语语法构词法

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lead带领→mislead领错

stop停下→non-stop不停

(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti-(反对；抵抗), auto-(自动), co-(共同), en-(使), inter-(互相), re-(再；又), sub-(下面的；次；小), tele-(强调距离)等。例如：

alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表

cooperate合作enjoy使高兴

internet互联网reuse再用

subway地铁telephone电话

2)后缀

英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人),-ese(某地人)，-e(雌性)，-ful(一„„)，-ian(精通„„的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ne(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：

differ不同于→difference区别

write写→writer作家

Japan日本→Japanese日本人

act表演→actre女演员

mouth口→mouthful一口

music音乐→musician音乐家

(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使„„化)，-ize(使„„成为)。例如：

wide→widen加宽

beauty→beautify美化

pure→purify提纯

real→realize意识到

organ→organize组织

(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-le(表示否定)，-like(像„„的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。例如：

nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：

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angry生气的→angrily生气地

to到→towards朝„„，向„„

east东方→eastward向东

(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几)，-ty(几十)，-th(构成序数词)。例如：

six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth 嘉兴英语教学网 www.daodoc.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

4)合成副词

形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地

形容词＋副词everywhere到处

副词＋副词however尽管如此

介词＋名词beforehand事先

介词＋副词forever永远

5)合成代词

代词宾格＋self herself她自己

物主代词＋self myself我自己

形容词＋名词anything任何东西

6)合成介词

副词＋名词inside在„„里面

介词＋副词within在„„之内

副词＋介词into进入 4.截短法(缩略法)

截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

1)截头

telephone→phone

aeroplane→plane

omnibus→bus

2)去尾

mathematics→maths

co-operate→co-op

examination→exam

kilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab

taxicab→taxi

3)截头去尾

influenza→flu

refrigerator→fridge

prescription→script 5.混合法(混成法)

混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。

news broadcast→newscast新闻广播

television broadcast→telecast电视播送

smoke and fog→smog烟雾

helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场 6.首尾字母缩略法

首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。

very important person→VIP(读字母音)要人；大人物

television→TV(读字母音)电视

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Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福

Nato 三.巩固练习

1.That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful

C.carele

D.carelene 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his ________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die

B.dead

C.died

D.death 3.The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sadne

C.sadly

D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.A.chemistry

B.chemical C.chemist

D.physician 5.The three-________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.legging B.legged

C.legs

D.leged 6.Stephenson became the ________railway engineer in the world.A.lead B.leader

C.leading

D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked ________about at his clamates.A.proud B.proudly

C.pride

D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfied

B.satisfactory C.satisfying

D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a paage about ________in English.—You can write ________paage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the ________of the police.A.permit

B.permiion C.permitting

D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters

B.headline C.headmaster

D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A.intend

B.intention C.intentionally

D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a ________smile.A.practice

B.practise C.practical

D.practiced 14.The ________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.嘉兴英语教学网 www.daodoc.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A.judger

B.judgment C.judge

D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the ________news about Iraq War? A.lately

B.latest C.later

D.latter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A.longer

B.length C.long

D.longing 17.To my ________，I paed the exam easily.A.joy

B.joyful C.joyle

D.joyne 18.Canada is mainly an ________country.A.English-speaking

B.speak-English C.spoken-English

D.English-spoken 19.How ________ he is!He is always acting ________.He is really a ________.A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________.A.valuable

B.value C.valuele

D.unvaluable 21.There were ________fish in the river in South America.A.in danger

B.danger C.dangerous

D.dangerle 22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is ________.A.sound

B.silent C.silence

D.sounded 23.The child looked at me ________.A.stranger

B.strangely C.strange

D.strangele 24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________bravely.A.free

B.freely C.freedom

D.frees 25.What you said sounded ________ but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonable

B.reasonful C.reasonle

D.unreason 26.We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A.advance

B.advancing C.advantage

D.advanced 27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A.nearby

B.near C.nearly

D.near by

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28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government.You can not easily find him in his ________.A.official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office 29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.health

B.healthy C.healthily

D.healthier 30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.A.Honestly

B.Honest C.Honesty

[参考答案]

1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 DADBA

D.Dishonest