高考第一轮复习英语：高一unit1--unit2
第1篇：高考第一轮复习英语：高一unit1--unit2
高中第一册（上）
Unit 1-Unit 2
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 honest *loyal wise smart argue fond match fry *saw rope movie
*cast survive deserted hunt share lie adventure error *closet pronounce broad repeat majority total equal situation trade international organization government tourism *communicate *exchange service signal tidy stand *independent *publish expression compare
词组 hunt for in order to care about drop sb.a line argue about sth. even though
as...as possible in total make oneself at home except for stay up end up with
a great many the number of more and more
语法 直接引语和间接引语
注：1.带*者为考纲上无，但在口头或笔头交际中十分常用的单词或词组。
2.与考纲上单词互为构词变化形式的单词视作应掌握单词。
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.match
例句集锦
v.
（1）Sometimes his inner thoughts and his outer actions do not match.
有时他的内心想法与行为不一致。
（2）Please match each picture with the correct sentence.
把每一幅画与正确的句子搭配起来。
（3）No one can match her in knowledge of classical music.
在古典音乐方面没有人比得上她。
（4）The doors were painted blue to match the walls.
门漆成了蓝色，为的是与墙的颜色相配。
（5）Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.
她的指纹与犯罪现场的指纹相吻合。
（6）The teams were evenly matched.
各队的水平旗鼓相当。
n.
（1）They had a football match with Grade Two yesterday and they won.
他们昨天和二年级进行了一场足球赛，他们赢了。
（2）I smell gas and you’d better not strike a match.
我闻到有煤气味，你最好别擦火柴。
（3）The cap is a match for the coat.
这帽子和上衣很相配。
（4）I was his match at tennis.
打网球我跟他难分上下。
（5）I have found a vase that is an exact match of the one I broke.
我找到了一只花瓶，和我打碎的那个一模一样。
用法归纳
*match可用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：与……一致；和……相似；和……相配（称）；匹敌过；比得过。主要搭配形式为：match+n.+to/with+n.把……和……搭配起来/调和起来；match+n.+ in/for+n.与……匹敌，是……的对手，势均力敌。
作名词时，主要义项有：火柴；比赛；相配
相关归纳
（1）be no match for 敌不过
I was no match for him at tennis.
打网球我根本不是他的对手。
（2） match up to 与……相当；符合……标准
The trip failed to match up to her expectations.
这次旅行令她很失望。
2.share
例句集锦
v.
（1）Share the sweets between you.
你们两人把这些糖果分了。
He shared his money out among his six children.
他把钱分给了六个孩子。
（2）I’ll share the cost with you.
我将与你分摊费用。
The two friends shared everything-they had no secrets.
这对朋友无话不谈--彼此之间毫无秘密。
（3）We haven’t enough books for everyone；some of you will share.
我们的书不够每人一本，你们中有些人得合用。
He shares a house with three other students.
他和另外三个学生合住一套房子。
（4）I try to get the kids to share in the housework.
我努力让孩子们分担家务活。
Both the drivers shared the blame for the accidents.
事故责任由两个驾车人共同承担。
n.
（1）We shall all have a share in the profits.
我们都分得一份利润。
（2）Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.
明年我们希望获得更大的市场份额。
（3）I own 12 shares in an oil company.
我拥有石油公司的12个股份。
用法归纳
*share可用作动词和名词。用作名词时，主要义项为：一份；股份
用作动词时，主要搭配和义项有：（1）share sth.（out）（among/between sb.）分给；分配；分派 （2）share sth.（with sb.）和别人分享；和别人合用；分给别人 （3）share in sth.分摊；共同承担
3.develop
例句集锦
（1）You should try your best to develop a business.
你们应该尽量扩大业务。
（2）He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.
他已养成阅读时记笔记的习惯。
（3）The child is developing normally.
这孩子发育正常。
（4）The company develops and markets new software.
这个公司开发并销售新软件。
（5）Can you develop this film for me？
你能把这个胶卷冲洗出来吗？
（6）She developed the company from nothing.
她白手起家办起这个公司。
用法归纳
*develop v. 主要义项为：发展；发生；产生；开发；加工；冲洗
4.communicate v.
communication n.
例句集锦
（1）People communicate with each other by spoken or written language or by body languages.
人们通过口头或笔头或通过身体语言进行交流。
（2）Through the Internet，we can communicate directly with the United Nations.
通过互联网，我们可以直接与联合国联系。
（3）He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法传达给小组。
（4）The disease is communicated through dirty drinking water.
这种疾病通过不干净的饮用水传播。
（5）Radio and television are important means of communication.
收音机和电视是信息交流的重要工具。
（6）Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
说话是人与人交流最快捷的方式。
用法归纳
*communicate v 告知；交流；沟通；传达；传递；传染；传播（疾病）
*communication n传达；交流；通讯；联络；信息
5.lie
例句集锦
（1）The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.
猫躺在炉火旁睡得很熟。
（2）When I entered，he was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
我进去时，他正和衣躺在床上。
（3）Snow was lying thick on the ground.
厚厚的积雪覆盖大地。
（4）These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.
工厂关闭以来，这些机器就一直闲置着。
（5）The town lies on the coast.
这个小镇位于海滨。
（6）Thompson is lying in the fourth place.
汤姆森名列第四。
（7）You could see from his face that he was lying.
从他的表情你可以看出来他在说假话。
（8）She lies about her age.
她谎报自己的年龄。
（9）The camera cannot lie.
照相机不会作假。
用法归纳
*lie作动词时，主要义项为：躺着；位于；处于，保留，保持（某种状态）；说谎。
相关归纳
（1）lie down 躺下（休息或养病）
I’ll go and lie down for a bit.I’m a little dizzy.
我去躺一会儿，我有点头晕。
（2）lie with（责任等）在于
The fault lies with me.
错误在我。
（3）give the lie to sth.证实……是虚假的；证明不实；揭穿谎言
These new figures give the lie to the belief that unemployment is going down.
这些新的资料表明失业率在下降的看法是不真实的。
特别提示
lie作“说谎”讲时，是规则动词，过去式和过去分词为 lied，lied；作其他意思讲时，是不规则动词，过去式和过去分词为lay，lain。
6.compare
例句集锦
（1）Those present at the meeting compared the industry development in both countries.
与会者对两个国家的工业发展作了比较。
（2）We compared the two reports carefully.
我们仔细比较了两个报告。
（3）It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.
把他们的状况和我们的相比很有意思。
用法归纳
*compare（v.）的主要义项有：比较；相比
相关归纳
（1）compare A with B 把A与B相比较（指同类事物的具体比较）。
Compare John’s answer with Henry’s，which is better？
把约翰和亨利两人的答案比较一下，哪个更好？
（2） compare A to B 把A比作B
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。
（3）compared to/with 与……比起来（常用作状语，可位于句首或句末）
Compared to/with many people，she was indeed lucky.
和许多人比起来，她是幸运的。
（4）compare with/to sb./sth.与……类似（或相似）
This school compares with the best in the country.
=This school is as good as the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校相媲美。
This house doesn’t compare with our previous one.
这房子比不上我们以前的。
●重点短语
1.as...as possible 尽可能地……
例句集锦
We will mend your car as soon as possible.
=We will mend your car as soon as they can.
我们将尽早把你的车修好。
I’ll go to see you as often as possible.
=I’ll go to see you as often as I can.
我将会尽可能经常地去看你的。
You should try to be as friendly as possible to each other.
你们彼此之间应该尽可能地友好些。
特别提示
as...as possible 是as...as it is（was）possible的省略，其中的possible用作表语，不可用副词possibly替代。
2.come about（某事）发生（=happen）
例句集锦
I don’t know how this thing came about.
我不知道这事是怎样发生的。
Do you know how the phrase came about？
你知道这个成语是怎样产生的吗？
How did it come about that you didn’t report this to us in good time？
你怎么没及时向我们报告？
3.forget to do sth.忘记去做……
forget doing sth.忘了做过……
例句集锦
Don’t forget to give my regards to them.
别忘了替我向他们问好。
Take care，and don’t forget to write.要保重，别忘了写信。
I forgot writing to him，so I wrote again.
=I forgot that I had written to him，so I wrote again.
我忘了已经给他写过信了，我又写了一封。
用法归纳
forget to do sth.的意思是：忘了要做的事。
forget doing sth.的意思是：忘了已做的事或已发生的事。
具有相似用法的动词（短语）还有：remember，regret等。
Remember to post the letters.
=Don’t forget to post the letters.
要记着去寄信。
I remember posting/having posted the letters.
=I posted the letters and I remember the actions.
我记得已把信寄了。
We regret to inform you that your account is overdrawn.
我们遗憾地通知你，你的账户已透支了。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought，even if it upset her.
我把想法告诉了她使她感到烦恼，但是我不后悔。
4.more or less大约；差不多，几乎
例句集锦
That table is more or less two meters long.
那张桌子大约两米长。
I’ve more or less finished the book.
我差不多已经读完这本书了。
She could earn $200 a day，more or less.
她一天大约能挣200美元。
用法归纳
more or less是一个固定结构，or不可换成and。more or less可以修饰数词，意为“大约”；还可修饰动词、分词、形容词，意为“或多或少，差不多，几乎”。通常放在系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，或放在动词之前，也可置于句末。
5.more than 超过；很；非常；不仅
例句集锦
That mountain is more than 1500 meters high.（=over）
这座山有1500多米高。
More than one person was invited.
接到邀请的不止一个人。
She is more than pleased with her daughter’s performance.（=very）
她对女儿的表演非常高兴。
Bamboo is used for more than building.
=Bamboo is not only used for building.
竹子不仅仅可以用来盖房子。
She was more than a little shaken by the experience.
这次经历对她产生了极大的震动。
Music is more than just sound -it is a way of thinking.
音乐不仅仅是一种声音 --它是一种思考的方式。
用法归纳
“more than+数词+名词”等于“over+数词+名词”，意为“超过”。more than用于修饰形容词、名词或动词时，要看作习语，意思是“不仅、很、非常”。
相关归纳
（1）no more than 不超过
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他所受的学校教育加起来不超过一年。
（2）more A than B与其说B不如说A
She is more hardworking than wise.
与其说她聪明不如说她勤奋。
6.more and more 越来越……
例句集锦
More and more people are using the Internet.
越来越多的人在使用互联网。
He is getting fatter and fatter.
他越来越胖了。
She is becoming more and more interested in going into politics.
她对从政越来越感兴趣了。
We’re walking more and more slowly.
我们越走越慢了。
相关归纳
“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”相当于汉语的“越……，（就）越……”。该结构表示两个变化按比例同时递增/减。前一个“the＋比较级...”结构为从属分句，后一个“the＋比较级...”结构为主句。主句为一般将来时态时，从句（前一个“the＋比较级...”结构）要用一般现在时。
The more you read，the more you’ll get.
你读得越多，就收获越大。
The sooner you start，the more quickly the work will be finished.
你开始得越早，工作就完成得越快。
The more difficult the problem is，the more interested he becomes.
题越难，他越感兴趣。
7.bring in 吸引，引入；请……做，让……参加；提出（新法案）；赚得，挣
例句集锦
They started to use English，but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
他们开始使用英语，但是他们也从本族语言中引入了一些单词。
Experts were brought in to advise the government.
政府请来专家出谋划策。
They want to bring in a bill to limit arms exports.
他们想提出一项限制武器出口的议案。
We need to bring in a lot more new business.
我们得吸引更多的新业务。
How much does she bring in now？
她现在挣多少钱？
相关归纳
（1）bring about导致；引起
What brought about the change in his attitude？
是什么使他改变了主意？
（2）bring back把……送回；归还；使回忆起；恢复；重新使用
Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.
请在周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。
The photographs brought back many of pleasant memories.
照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。
Most people are against bringing back death penalty.
大多数人反对恢复死刑。
（3）bring down打垮；击败；降低；减少；（飞机）着陆；击落
The scandal may bring down the government.
那件丑闻可能使政府垮台。
We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.
我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。
The pilot managed to bring the plane down in the field.
飞行员设法将飞机降落在田里。
Twelve enemy fighters have been brought down.
有十二架敌方的战斗机被击落。
●必背句型
1.so或neither（nor）引导的（倒装）句型
教材原句
（1）Rock music is OK，and so is skiing.
摇滚乐很好，滑雪也不错。
（2）I don’t enjoy singing，nor do I like computers.
我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢计算机。
特别提示
1.“so+系动词（情态动词或助动词）+（与前句不同的）主语”表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。so代替上文中的动作或概念，表示“也是这样，也是如此”。注意：两句中应使用同类助动词且应时态一致。
2.“neither/nor+系动词（情态动词或助动词）+（与前句相同的）主语”表示连续的否定。
补充例句
（1）She can speak French and so can her husband.
=She can speak French and her husband can speak French，too.
她会讲法语，她的丈夫也会。
I have lost a bike and so has he.
= I have lost a bike and he has also lost one.
我丢了一辆自行车，他也丢了一辆。
（2）I don’t know where he has gone，nor do I care about.
我不知道他去哪里了，我也不关心。
相关归纳
（1）-I have never been to America.
我从未去过美国。
-Neither/Nor have I.（=I haven’t been to America，either.）
我也从未去过。
特别提示
“neither/nor+系动词（情态动词或助动词）+（与前句不同的）主语”表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一人或物；由于neither/nor是否定词，所以不能再使用not。
（2004年江苏卷，21）I will never know what was on his mind at the time，nor will anyone else.
我将永远不会知道当时他心里是怎么想的，其他人也不会知道。
（2）-Tom likes playing basketball but he can’t play well.
汤姆喜欢打篮球，但他打得不好。
-So it is with me.（=I like playing basketball，too，but I can’t play well，either.）
我的情况与他相同。
特别提示
前句表述的某人或某物情况复杂，无法使用so或neither（nor）引导的倒装句型表达另一人或物情况相同，则用It is/was with sb./sth.。
-He is an honest worker and works hard.
他是一位诚实的工人，而且工作很卖力。
-So it is with you.
你也是这样的。
（3）-She can speak French.她会讲法语。
-So she can.（=You are right.She can speak French.）
她确实会讲法语。
特别提示
“So+（与前句相同的）主语+助动词”表示赞同，so译为“确实”，主谓不倒装。
2.so...that 如此……以至于……
教材原句
Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
查克是个商人，他太忙了以至于很少有时间与朋友交往。
特别提示
so+adj./adv.+that...表示“如此……以至于”，that可省略；当so和它所修饰的形容词或副词放在句首时，主句倒装。
特别提示
补充例句
The weather was so fine that the children all went out，playing in the sun.
天气很好，孩子们都出去在阳光下玩耍。
So interesting is the book that I want to read it again.
=The book is so interesting that I want to read it again.
这本书太有趣了，我想再看一遍。
相关归纳
There are so many mistakes in your article that I can’t understand the meaning.
你的文章里错误百出，以致我无法看懂文意。
特别提示
在so...that句型中也可以使用名词，结构如下：
（1）so+few/many+可数名词复数+that
（2）so+little/much+不可数名词+that
（3）so+adj.+a（n）+名词+that=such+a（n）+adj.+名词+that
It was so cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
=It was such a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
天气太冷了，河里的冰有两英尺厚。
There was so much water in the river that we couldn’t swim across it.
河里的水太多了，我们游不过去。
3.should have done sth.过去应该干某事
教材原句
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
他还明白了他以前应该多关心朋友。
特别提示
should have done表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，含有责备的意味。
shouldn’t have done表示“过去不应该做某事，而实际上做了”，也含有责备的意味。
补充例句
（1）You should have come here yesterday.
你昨天应该到这里来。
（2）I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
明天我将告诉玛丽她的新工作。
（2004年福建卷，32）You should have told her last week.
你上周就该告诉她。
（3）He shouldn’t have gone without telling us.
他不应该不告诉我们就走了。
（4）I shouldn’t have yelled at you that way.
我不该那样对你大喊大叫。
4.强调句型及其各种结构
教材原句
What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom？
乔在浴室里找不到的是什么？
特别提示
强调句型的结构如下：
（1）基本结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其余部分
（2）被强调句子是一般疑问句时，强调句结构：“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋其他部分（用陈述语序）？”
（3）被强调部分是特殊疑问词时，强调句结构：“疑问词＋is/was ＋that＋其他部分（陈述语序）？”
（4）强调名词性从句引导词时，强调句结构：“引导词＋it is/was＋that＋从句其他部分”。
（5）对not...until结构中until部分进行强调时，not需要放在被强调部分，句式为：“It is/was not until...that＋主句部分（用肯定形式）”。
补充例句
（1）It was we that/who had a meeting in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午是我们在会议室开的会。
It was in the meeting room that we had a meeting yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我们是在会议室开的会。
（2）Is it tomorrow that you will go to see him？
你是准备明天去看他吗？
Was it in the meeting room that you held the meeting yesterday afternoon？
你们昨天是在会议室开的会吗？
（3）Where was it that you held the meeting？
你们是在哪里开的会？
When is it that you will go to see him？
你准备在什么时间去看他？
（4）I don’t know what it was that he said at the meeting.
我不知道他在会上讲了什么。
He asked where it was that you held the meeting.
他问你们是在哪里开的会。
（5）It was not until you told me that I knew what he said at the meeting.
直到你告诉我，我才知道他在会上讲了什么。
It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.
直到午夜他才做完实验回到家里。
疑难突破
1.match，suit，fit
match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
fit多指尺寸、形状合适，引申为吻合，协调。
应用
（1）His clothes don’t ______ his age.
（2）Does the time ______ you？
（3）The new coat ______ her well.It is neither too big nor too small.
（4）Which day ______ you，Saturday or Sunday？
答案：（1）match （2）suit （3）fits （4）suits
2.alone，lonely
（1）词性：alone可以作形容词和副词；lonely只能作形容词。
（2）用法：作形容词时，alone只能作表语，有时作宾补，不能作定语；lonely可以作表语和定语。alone不能用very修饰，而要说much alone，或very much alone。
（3）词义：作表语时，alone的意思是“独自一人”，指的是客观情况；lonely的意思是“寂寞”，指的是主观感觉。
（4）固定结构：leave/let sb./sth.alone 听任；别打扰；let alone更不用说。
应用
（1）He feels ______ though he has two brothers.
（2）The old man lives in a ______ house in the forest ______.
（3）When he woke up，he found himself ______ in the room.
（4）Though he is ______ at home，he doesn’t feel______，for he has many things to do.
（5）The baby can’t walk，let ______ run.
（6）Leave the machine ______.It’s dangerous.
答案：（1）lonely （2）lonely，alone （3）alone （4）alone，lonely （5）alone （6）alone
3.although，though
（1）一般情况下，两者可换用（although多用于句首）。
（2）所引导的让步状语从句放在主句前，从句中用部分倒装时，用though（=as）。
（3）只能说as though（=as if）；even though（=even if）。
（4）though可用作副词，放在句末或句中，表示“然而、不过”，although不可。
应用
（1）______ they tried hard，they didn’t finish the work on time.
（2）They didn’t stop to have a rest ______ they were tired.
（3）He speaks English as ______ he were an Englishman.
（4）Even ______ he didn’t tell me anything about it，I know the whole thing.
（5）Child ______he is，he knows a lot about computers.
（6）He said he would help me with my English； he didn’t，______.
答案：（1）Although/Though （2）though/although （3）though （4）though （5）though （6）though
4.besides，except，except for，except that
besides意为“除……之外，尚有……或外加……”。
except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外，意为“除……之外”，指“不包括……”。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或wh-从句。
except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，后接名词。
except that的用法基本同except for，但其后必须接句子。它用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。
应用
（1）We all succeeded ______Tom，so he is also glad.
（2）We all succeeded ______Tom，so he is very sad.
（3）He is a good man，______hot temper.
（4）Your article is quite good ______ there are several spelling mistakes.
（5）Your article is quite good ______several spelling mistakes.
答案：（1）besides （2）except （3）except for （4）except that （5）except for
5.a number of，the number of
a number of只能用作定语，修饰可数名词复数，意为“许多；若干”（=many）。number前可用large，small等修饰词。当它修饰主语时，谓语动词与它修饰的主语一致。
the number of 的意思是“……的数量；号码”。当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词是the number。如果用作主语，即使后面的名词是复数，谓语也要用单数。
应用
（1）______ trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
（2）We have lived here for ______ years.
（3）______ jobless people grows in the country at present.
（4）______ students are playing football on the playground.
（5）______ students in our class is over 70.
答案：（1）The number of （2）a number of （3）The number of （4）A number of （5）The number of
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，29）The Internet has brought______big changes in the way we work.
A.about B.out C.back D.up
剖析：本题考查动词短语。bring about导致，引起；bring out说明，阐明，出版；bring back把……送回，归还，使回忆起，恢复，重新使用；bring up抚养，培养，提起，提出。bring about符合句意，故选A。全句意思为：“因特网给我们工作的方式带来了很大的变化。”
答案：A
【例2】（2004年全国卷Ⅰ，26）-How about eight o’clock outside the cinema？
-That ______ me fine.
A.fits B.meets C.satisfies D.suits
剖析：本题考查动词的辨析。从语境看，对话的内容是在讨论见面的时间、地点，B、C两项意思不合适：meet的意思为“满足……的要求”时，后跟名词，不跟人称代词，例如：meet one’s wishes（满足某人的愿望）；satisfy作“满足某人的需要，使满足”解时，带宾语，但是后不再跟修饰语；fit指“（大小、形状）合适”；suit意为“适合……的要求；对……方便”，后跟人称代词。从语境看，答话人对问话人所定的时间、地点感到适合、方便，故选D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，27）Mr White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting，but he didn’t show up.
A.should have arrived B.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
剖析：后句表明他没到达，因此选A项，因为should have done可以表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，这与前句意思相符。B项和D项时态不对。C项结构搭配错误。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，32）-I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!
-______.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
剖析：由于前句表达的是否定意思，首先排除D项；“Neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中的助动词应与前句的助动词保持一致，因此排除A项； C项结构错误。故选B。
答案：B
【例5】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，35）I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A.since B.while C.when D.as
剖析：全句意为：“几乎所有的家务活都是我干的，而我的丈夫Bob只是偶尔洗洗盘子。”故选B。句中while表示对比，意为“而；然而”（=but）。此外，while还可表示：（1）虽然；尽管（=although）。（2）当……的时候。
答案：B
补充：
【例1】 （2004年春季上海，35）I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ______？
A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought
剖析：have用作实义动词，作“有”讲时，其宾语后可用动词不定式作定语，本题就需要动词不定式作定语。全句意思是：“今天下午我去超市买东西，你有什么要买的吗？”
答案：B
【例2】 -David has made great progress recently.
-______ and ______.
A.So he has；so you have B.So he has；so have you
C.So has he；so have you D.So has he；so you have
剖析：本题的精巧之处在于将so的两种用法置于同一语境中。本题的意思是：“大卫最近取得了很大进步。”“他是取得了进步，你也取得了很大进步。”
答案：B
【例3】 （2002年高考上海，32）-You forgot your purse when you went out.
-Good heavens，______.
A.so did I B.so I did C.I did so D.I so did
剖析：本题考查副词so的意义和用法。正确解答本题的关键是要弄清两句话的主语是同一人。
“So+（与前句相同的）主语+助动词”表示赞同，so意为“确实”。而 “So+助动词+（与前句不同的）主语”表示上文说某人做了某事，下文说“另一个人”也做了某事。故不可选A项，应选B。
答案：B
第2篇：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 7 -Unit 8
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *relic pyramid *represent include ruin burn *restore portrait recreate unite period damage *project brick official cave pollution breath limit continent tie *athelete medal *torch dive shooting *competitor further prepare effect *compete weigh weight position point title *gesture facial
词组 give in give up in ruins bring...back to life pull down set up in one’s opinion with the help of so far make oneself heard stand for because of would rather take part in preparation for prefer...to... have...effect on by hand
语法 被动语态
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.include vt.
例句集锦
Does the price include tax?
这个价格包括税款吗？
Your duties include typing letters and answering telephone.
你的职责是打信件和接电话。
You should include some examples in your essay.
你应该在文章里举一些例子。
用法归纳
*include vt.主要义项有：包括；包含；使成为……的一部分。
相关归纳
（1）included（包括……在内）放在被包括的之后。
（2）including（包括……在内） 放在被包括的之前。
We all went,me included.
我们都去了，包括我在内。
I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day.
包括元旦在内，我有三天假。
Six people were killed in the riot,including a policeman.
**中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
2.burn
例句集锦
v.
The house is burning.
房子着火了。
The fire burned her hand.
火烧伤了她的手。
Fires were burning all over the city.
全城处处燃烧着大火。
The smell of burning rubber filled the air.
空气中弥漫着橡胶燃烧的气味。
Some people burn calories faster than others.
有些人热量消耗的比其他人快。
Your forehead is burning.Have you get a fever?
你的前额很烫，你发烧了吗？
He was burning to go climbing again.
他渴望再去爬山。
n.
She had a burn on her hand.
她手上有一处烧伤。
用法归纳
*burn可以用作动词或名词。作动词时，主要义项有：着火；燃烧；烧伤；烧焦；发烫；渴望；有强烈的情感。
作名词时，主要义项有：烧伤；灼伤；烧的痕迹。
相关归纳
（1）burn sth. down（被）烧毁
The fire burned down the house.
火烧毁了房子。
（2）burn sth. up 被烧毁；被烧掉
The spaceship burned up as it entered the earth’s atmosphere.
宇宙飞船进入地球大气层时被烧毁。
（3）burn away（使）烧掉；烧光
Half the candle had burnt away.
蜡烛已烧掉了一半。
（4）burn out/burn itself out 烧尽；熄灭
The fire had burnt（itself）out before the fire engines arrived.
救火车到达之前，火就熄灭了。
（5）burn out/burn sth.out（因过热或使用过久）出故障
The clutch has burnt out.
离合器因过热而失灵。
（6）burn out或burn yourself/sb.out 耗尽体力；积劳成疾；累垮
If he doesn’t stop working so hard,he’ll burn himself out.
他要是继续这样拼命工作，就会把自己累垮。
3.breathe v.
breath n.
例句集锦
He breathed deeply before speaking again.
他深深地吸了一口气，然后继续说下去。
Most people don’t realize that they are breathing polluted air.
大多数人没有意识到自己正在呼吸被污染的空气。
He opened his mouth and took a deep breath.
他张开嘴深深地吸了一口气。
His breath smelled like coffee.
他呼出的气有咖啡味。
用法归纳
*breathe 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出。
*breath 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出的空气。
相关归纳
（1）hold one’s breath（由于激动、害怕等）不出声；屏息
Hold your breath and count to ten.
屏住呼吸，数到十。
He held his breath while the results read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住呼吸。
（2）out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来
We were out of breath after only five minutes.
五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。
（3）short of breath 呼吸短促
She was very short of breath.
她呼吸困难。
（4）take one’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝
My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.
我第一次从空中看到这个岛屿时，叹赏不已。
4.prepare v.
preparation n.
例句集锦
A hotel room is being prepared for them.
正在为他们准备一间旅馆客房。
The college prepares students for a career in business.
这个学院是培养商务人才的。
The whole class is working hard preparing for the exam.
全班都在用功准备考试。
The police are preparing themselves for trouble at the demonstration.
警察正在准备防范示威时可能出现的骚乱。
I was preparing to leave.
我正准备离开。
He was in the kitchen preparing lunch.
他在厨房做午饭。
Preparation for the party started early.
聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。
We made preparations to move to new offices.
我们已准备好搬到新办公室。
The country is making preparations for war.
这个国家正在进行备战。
用法归纳
*prepare的主要义项有：使作好准备；把……预备好；防范；准备。
常见搭配有：prepare+sth./sb.（for sb./sth.）；prepare+for sth.；prepare+to do sth.
相关归纳
（1）in preparation（for）（为……）准备
The third book in the series is currently in preparation.
丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。
The team has been training hard in preparation for the big game.
为备战这场重要比赛，队伍一直在严格训练。
（2）be prepared（for sth.）准备好；有所准备
I was not prepared for all the problems it caused.
我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无准备。
We’ll be better prepared next time.
下次我们会准备得更充分。
（3）be prepared to do愿意
We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
我们无意接受这些条件。
How much are you prepared to pay?
你愿意出多少钱？
5.weigh v.
weight n.
例句集锦
-How much do you weigh?
你体重多少？
-I weigh about 60 kilos.
大约60千克。
He weighed himself on the bathroom scales.
他用浴室磅秤称体重。
She weighed the stone in her hand.
她用手掂了掂石头的重量。
The doctor said he should not lift heavy weights.
医生说他不应该举重物。
The full weight of responsibility falls on her.
全部的重任都落在她的肩上。
It is about 76 kilos in weight.
这东西重约76千克。
Bananas are sold by weight.
香蕉按重量出售。
She is trying to lose weight.
她正在设法减肥。
He is putting on/gaining weight since he gave up smoking.
他戒烟后体重增加了。
No more for me,I have to watch my weight.
我不再吃了，我得控制体重。
用法归纳
*weigh的主要义项为：有……重；重；称……的重量；测……的重量。
*weight的主要义项有：重量；分量；重物；重任；重担。
6.point
例句集锦
v.
He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.
他指出那所房子原来所在的地方。
“What’s your name?”he asked,pointing at the child with his pen.
他用笔指着小孩问：“你叫什么名字？”
She pointed in my direction.
她指向我这边。
She pointed her finger in my direction.
她（用手指）指向我这个方向。
He pointed the gun at her head.
他举枪对准她的头。
A compass needle points north.
罗盘指针指向北方。
We asked her the way and she pointed towards the town.
我们向她问路，她指向小镇的方向。
n.
She made several interesting points in the article.
她在文章中列举了几个有趣的观点。
I wish she would get to the point and tell us what she wants us to do.
我希望她能快点说正题，告诉我们她要我们做什么。
What is the point of this meeting?
这次会议的目的是什么？
The climber was at/on the point of death when they found him.
当他们发现那个登山者时，他已奄奄一息。
Australia finished 20 points ahead.
澳大利亚队终局领先20分。
We broadcast on ninety-five point nine FM.
我们以调频95.9播音。
用法归纳
*point可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：（1）指,指向；（2）瞄准；（3）对着，朝向。
用作名词时，主要义项为：（1）观点，论点；（2）要点，重点；（3）目的；意图；（4）时刻，关头；（5）得分；（6）小数点。
相关归纳
（1）to the point简明恰当；简洁中肯
The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短扼要。
（2）to the point of（doing）sth.达到某种程度；近乎
He was rude to the point of being aggressive.
他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的程度。
（3）up to a point在某种程度上
I agree with you up to a point.
我在某种程度上同意你的看法。
（4）point out指（给某人）看；（向某人）指出
I’ll point him out to you next time he comes in.
他下次来的时候，我指给你看。
He pointed out the dangers of driving alone.
他指出单独驾车的危险。
I should point out that none of these paintings is original.
我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
●重点短语
1.give up 放弃；戒掉；认输
例句集锦
He gave up smoking last year and became fat.
他去年戒烟后就发胖了。
They gave up without a fight.
他们不战而降。
She doesn’t give up easily.
她绝不轻易认输。
2.give in 让步；屈服；投降；勉强同意；交上
He would rather die than give in.
他宁死不屈。
The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.
当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步迹象。
Please give your work in before Monday.
请在星期一之前把作业交上来。
相关归纳
（1）give away 背弃；出卖；泄漏；暴露；赠送；泄露
They are giving away prizes at the new store.
新开张的商店在送赠品。
He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
She gave away state secrets to the enemy.
她把国家的机密泄露给了敌人。
（2）give off（散）发出
She gives off a smell of rose.
她身上散发着玫瑰的香味。
（3）give back 还给；归还；使恢复
My friend gave back the tools that he borrowed.
我朋友归还了他借的工具。
The operation gave him back the use of his legs.
手术使他的双腿恢复了功能。
（4）give sb.a hand 帮某人的忙
Give me a hand with this table.
帮我搬这张桌子。
3.base sth.on/upon 以……为根据（基础）；把……建立在……
例句集锦
What are you basing this theory on?
你这种理论的根据是什么？
The film is based on a famous novel.
这部电影是根据一部著名的小说改编的。
One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
4.so far 迄今为止；到目前为止
例句集锦
What do you think of the show so far?
到目前为止你觉得这场演出怎么样？
Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason of his death.
至今侦探对他的死因仍茫然不解。
We haven’t heard from Tom so far.
到目前为止，我们还没收到汤姆的来信。
相关归纳
（1）by far（常用来修饰比较级或最高级，用以加强语气）大大的；……得多
The last of these reasons is by far the most important.
这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。
Amy is the smartest by far.
埃米显然是最聪明的。
（2）as far as the eye can/could see极目所尽
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.
荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
（3）as far as I know就我所知
As far as I know,the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest in the world.
据我所知，太平洋是世界上最大的洋。
（4）as far as I can remember（see,tell,etc）尽我所记得的；依我看
As far as I can see,you have done nothing wrong.
依我看，你没有做错任何事。
She lived in Chicago,as far as I can remember.
根据我记得的，她过去住在芝加哥。
（5）as far as sb./sth.be concerned就……而言
As far as I am concerned,you can do what you like.
就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
（6）as far as it goes在有限程度上（通常指不满意）
It’s a good plan as far as it goes,but there are a lot of things they haven’t thought of.
这计划还不错，不过还有很多事情没有考虑到。
5.every four years 每四年
用法归纳
every 与数词或few、other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，一般形成以下几个结构：
（1）every+基数词+复数名词，意为“每……”；
（2）every+序数词+单数名词，意为“每第……”；
（3）every+ other+单数可数名词，指“每隔……”；
（4）every+few+复数名词，译为“每隔几……”
例句集锦
I go there every three days.
每三天我去那里一次。
He comes to see his uncle every third Sunday every month.
他每月第三个星期天来看他的叔叔。
He goes to town every other day.
他隔天去一次城里。
Write on every other line.
要隔行写。
He stopped and turned round every few minutes.
每隔几分钟他都停下来回头看看。
6.make sure 确保；一定要；保证做到；核实；弄清楚
例句集锦
Make sure you turn off all the lights before leaving the lab.
在你离开实验室前一定要关掉所有的灯。
You’d better make sure of the time and the place.
你最好核实时间和地点。
相关归纳
（1）be sure of/be sure that有把握；确信
主语是人，表示主语感到“有把握，确信”。
I’m sure of his success.=I’m sure that he will succeed.
我确信他会成功。
（2）be sure to do一定要；必然会
主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测主语“一定要，必然会”。
He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。
It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。
●必背句型
1.表示“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”的句型
教材原句
（1）We will not let our history and culture be destroyed and we will do everything we can to save our city.
我们不会让我们的历史和文化被毁灭的，我们将尽我们的所能去挽救我们的城市。
（2）They do their best to win medals.
他们努力去赢得奖牌。
特别提示
“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”可用 sb.do what one can to do或sb.do everything/ all （that）one can to do来表达。该句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的状语。也可用do/try one’s best to do来表达。
补充例句
Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do what she could to help him.
=Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do all/everything she can to help him.
=Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do/try her best to help him.
每当他遇到困难时，她总是尽她所能去帮助他。
2.用why表示建议的句型
句型1：Why not join us?
句型2：Why don’t you join us?
和我们一块干吧？
特别提示
“Why not +动词？”或“Why don’t you+动词？”通常用来表示建议。
补充例句
Why not go to the library to borrow some books?
何不去图书馆借几本书看看?
Why don’t you take your girlfriend with you?
为什么不带你的女朋友一块来？
3.be+介词＋名词
教材原句
It was under attack for 900 days,but the people of the city never gave in.
城市受到了900天的攻击，但是城里人从来没有屈服。
特别提示
“be+介词+名词”可以用来表示动作，名词前不能使用冠词。
补充例句
They are now at work.You can find them at the factory.
他们在上班，你可以在工厂里找到他们。
He is on business.We couldn’t find him at his office.
他出差了，我们在办公室里没找到他。
The workers are on strike.
工人们正在罢工。
The Whites are on holiday in Egypt.
怀特一家正在埃及度假。
The bridge is under construction.We can’t drive through it.
这座桥正在修建中，开车过不去。
The car is under repair.You can’t use it now.
车正在维修，现在不能用。
He is now in hospital,but I think he’ll be out of hospital soon.
他住院了，我想他不久就会出院。
4.would rather...（than...）
教材原句
I’d rather watch it than play it.
我宁愿看球而不愿意打球。
特别提示
（1）would/had rather...（than）意为“宁愿……而不愿；宁愿；更喜欢”。
（2）would rather后接从句时，从句中用过去时。
补充例句
She’d rather die than give a speech.
她宁愿死也不愿意演讲。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
他宁愿听别人说而不愿自己说。
-Do you want to come with us?
你想跟我一起来吗？
-No,I’d rather not.不，我不想去。
Would you rather walk or take the bus?
你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车？
-Do you mind if I smoke?
你介意我抽烟吗？
-Well,I’d rather you didn’t.
最好别抽。
I’d rather you came tomorrow than today.
我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天来。
疑难突破
1.included,including
including意为“包含……在内；包括”，要放在被包括的名词或代词之前。included意为“包括在内”，要放在被包括的名词或代词之后。
应用
（1）There are a lot of names in the list,______ his name.
（2）There are a lot of names in the list,his name ______.
（3）There are 40 students in our class,______ four students from America.
答案：（1）including （2）included （3）including
2.farther,further
表示时间、空间和距离时两者可换用;表示“进一步、进一层、更多”时，只能用further。
应用
（1）I could walk no ______.
（2）This problem will be ______ discussed tomorrow.
（3）No ______ explanation is needed.
（4）It means every athlete should try to run faster,jump higher,and throw ______.
答案：（1）farther/further （2）further （3）further （4）farther/further
3.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring指将某物或某人从其他地方带到说话人所在地方。
take将人或物从说话人所在的地方带到别处。
carry携带东西从一处到另一处，无方向性。
fetch指到别处去，然后把某物或人带来。
应用
（1）Go and______ today’s newspaper for me.
（2）Please ______ your son along next time you come.
（3）The woman is ______a baby in her arms.
（4）Let me ______ the suitcase for you.
（5）Who has ______ away today’s newspaper?
（6）______ the umbrella.It’s going to rain.
（7）He asked us to ______ our notebooks and pens when we go to listen to the report.
答案：（1）fetch （2）bring （3）carrying （4）carry （5）taken （6）Take （7）take
4.prepare,prepare for,get（be）ready
（1）get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①get ready（for sth.）；②get sth.ready；③be ready（for sth.）；④be ready to do（准备干某事，乐于干某事）
（2）prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
（3）prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
prepare常见结构如下：
prepare sth.准备某物（事）
prepare sth.for sth.使……为……作好准备
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare for sth.为某事作准备
prepare sb.for sth.使某人对某事有思想准备
be prepared for sth.准备好应付某事
应用
（1）Mother was busy ______ us lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
（2）The doctor told the nurses to ______the operation at once.
（3）We ______to do anything for the people.
（4）Will you help me ______ the party?
（5）Please ______ by seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
（6）The teacher is ______ the exam.
（7）The students are ______ the exam.
（8）Will you ______ her for the bad news that is coming?
答案：（1）preparing （2）prepare for （3）are ready （4）prepare for （5）get/be ready （6）preparing （7）preparing for （8）prepare
5.win,beat
beat宾语只能是表示人的词或一个集体，“在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人”应说beat sb.in...。win作“赢”解时，其宾语通常是war,battle,game,match,argument,medal等，不能是表示人的词。
应用
（1）They do their best to ______medals.
（2）We ______their team by 10 points.
（3）Jim ______Tom by a yard and ______ the race.
（4）Do you know who ______ the Nobel Prize for physics this year?
答案：（1）win （2）beat （3）beat,won （4）won
6.manage to do,try to do
manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.，表示“努力做成某事”。
try to do sth.表示“试图、企图、努力”去做，不强调结果。
应用
（1）We were pleased that they ______ to get what we wanted.
（2）He ______ to pass the exam but he had no luck.
（3）The box was heavy but he ______ to lift it.
（4）If I am to get away,can you ______ the factory?
（5）I cannot ______ another cake.
答案：（1）managed （2）tried （3）managed （4）manage （5）manage
7.because of,because
because是连词，用于引导表语从句或状语从句。
because of是介词，用于名词、代词、what从句或动名词前。
应用
（1）She was worried ______her daughter came home late.
（2）Her daughter came home late ______the busy traffic.
（3）She was angry ______what you said.
（4）______ missing the last bus,we had to take a taxi.
（5）My views of the world have changed ______traveling.
（6）She looks worried.That is ______her daughter hasn’t come home.
答案：（1）because （2）because of （3）because of （4）Because of （5）because of （6）because
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，22）After a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equipment ______.
A.is damaged B.had damaged C.damaged D.was damaged
剖析：从主谓关系判断，该句应使用被动语态，故排除B、C两项；由于表达是过去的动作，应该使用过去时，故选D项。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，25）Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.
A.because B.so that C.even if D.as
剖析：根据句意判断，句子的后半部分是目的状语从句，故选B。
答案：B
【例3】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，22）Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.
A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear
C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard
剖析：根据句意和结构判断，句子后部分是表达大声喊的目的，一般用不定式表达，故排除A、C两项。hear与宾语herself有逻辑上的被动关系，故选D项。
答案：D
【例4】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，26）To enjoy the scenery,Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ______ travel by air.
A.as B.to C.than D.while
剖析：本题考查习惯搭配would rather do...than do ...。
答案：C
【例5】（2004年全国卷Ⅳ，33）Lizzie was ______ to see her friend off at the airport.
A.a little more than sad B.more than a little sad
C.sad more than a little D.a little more sad than
剖析：more than修饰形容词、名词或动词时，通常放在被修饰的词之前，故排除A、C、D三项。more than用于修饰形容词、名词或动词时，要看作习语，意思是“不仅、很、非常”。全句意思是：“Lizzie在机场为朋友送行时，非常难过。”
答案：B
【例6】 （2003年北京，23）Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may ______ the shocking ending.
A.give away B.give out C.give up D.give off
剖析： 本题检测考生在特定语境中对短语动词的辨异和使用能力。准确把握各选项中短语动词的意思是关键。give away意为“泄露（机密），捐赠”;give out意为“分发；用完、耗尽”;give up意为“放弃”;give off意为“发出（光、热、气味等）”。只有give away符合题意，故选A项。
本题意思是：“不要在故事开头就提到那事，否则便将惊人的结局暴露了。”
答案：A
【例7】 （2002年上海，39）The shopkeeper gave us ______ weight:we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.
A.scarce B.short C.light D.slight
剖析：本题考查固定短语。short weight意为“斤两不够;缺斤少两”。
答案：B
第3篇：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 21-Unit 22
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 unfair customer *avoid suitcase manage fold *vary crazy part firm handshake bow fist bend tap gently anger useless occur *focus *specific amusement *souvenir attraction collection castle *minority cartoon *thrill educate *conservation coastal divide *section *shuttle butterfly injury rocket helicopter carve achievement *civilization prevent handbag *twist darkness imagination designer endless
词组 ahead of give sb.a hand get through t
