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四川-峨眉山英文导游词
2009-02-23 15:57 Mt.Emei is one of the "four famous mountains” in China.It lies about 168km from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to obtain some information about the spread of Buddhism in China, Buddhism in Mt.Emei and its hiking routes.The Spread of the Buddhism was founded in India around the 16th century BC.It is said that the founder was Skamania.Skyua was the name of the clan to which his family belonged.Skamania was a prince and was brought up in luxury.In his 20s, he became discontented with the world.Every day he had to face with sights of sickne, death and old age since the body was inescapably involved with disease, decrepitude and death.Around the age of 30 he made his break from the material world and plunged off in search of enlightenment.Skamania began by studying Hindu philosophy and Yoga.Then he joined a band of ascetics and tried to break the power of his body by inflicting severe austerities on himself.However, no matter how he held his breath until his head burst and starved his body until his ribs jutted out, he failed to enlighten himself.Finally Skamania followed the principle of the middle way in which he would live between the extremities of asceticism on one hand and indulgence on the other.As the story goes, he devoted the final phase of his search for enlightenment to meditation and mystic concentration.One evening he sat beneath a fig tree, slipped into a deep meditation and achieved enlightenment from his mystic concentration.Skamania founded an order of monks and for the next 45 years or so poached his ideas around 480 BC.Skamania teaches that all life is suffering.Everyone is subjected to the trauma of birth, to sickne, decrepitude and death.Real happine can't be achieved until suffering is overcome.The cause of unhappine is 'desires‟, specifically the desire of the body and the desire personal fulfillment.In order to overcome the desires and achieve happine, it requires the following eight-fold path.1.Right knowledge Buddhist followers should believe that all life is suffering.It is caused by the desire for personal gratification.2.Right Aspiration Buddhist followers should become paionately involved with the knowledge of what life's problems basically are.3.Right Speech Buddhist followers should avoid lies, idle talk, abuse, Lander and deceit.4.Right Behavior Buddhist followers should show kindne and avoid self-seeking and personal fulfillment in all actions.5.Right Livelihood Buddha considers spiritual progre impoible if one has occupied himself/herself with slave-dead-ling or prostitution.6.Right Effort The effort as the will to develop virtues and curb padding.7.Right Mindfulne Buddhist followers should practice self-exam-nation and cultivate themselves to overcome the state of semi-alertne and become aware of what is happening to them.此文湖南-长沙马王堆汉墓遗址英文导游词
2009-02-23 15:58 From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers excavated three tombs of the Western Han Dynasty at Mawangdui and achieved tremendous results which attracted attention at home and abroad.The more than3,000 cultural relics and a well-preserved female corpse unearthed from the tombs are of great value in studying the politics, economy, military, affairs, culture, science and technology of the early Western Han period.Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, about four kilometers from the center of the city.For centuries it was said that King Mayin of Chu of the Five Dynasties period was buried here and hence the name “Mawangdui”.Formerly there were two earthen mounds closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle, thus it also called “Maandui”.In some historical documents it was called “Erfeimu”, and “Shuangnvfen”.It was said that Lady Tang, the mother of Liufa, Prince Din of Changsha in the early Han, and another imperial concubine, Lady Cheng, were buried here.Yet another record said that these were the tombs of Prince Liufa and his mother Lady Tang.The opinions about who was buried here varied widely and the truth did not come out until the excavations began in 1792.It turned out that there were three tombs at Mawangdui.The eastern mound was known as Tomb No.1, and the western mound as Tomb No.2.The third Tomb was located to the south of Tomb No.1 and covered up by the sealing soil of the latter so there was no visible trace of its existence.The three seals unearthed from Tomb No.2 “Chancellor to the prince of Changsha”, “State the Marquis of the Dai”, and “Licang” indicate that Mawangdui was the burial ground of Licang, chancellor to the prince of Changsha Stare and Marquis of Dai in the early Western Han dynasty, and his family.The historical records give Licang„s death as occurring in the second year of the reign of Empre Dowager Liu.He occupant in Tom No.3 is believed to be his son.Unearthed form the tomb was a wooden tablet inscribed with the burial date.After careful textual research this was identified as the twelfth year of the reign of the Han emperor Wen Di.The corpse in Tomb No.1 is that of Licang‘s wife, whose personal name, according to an unearthed seal, was Xingzhui.A study of the stratigraphical relation of the tombs and the burial objects led to conclusion that Tomb No.1 date from about the sixth decade of the second century B.C, a little later than Tomb No.3.The three Han tombs were immense.Tomb No.1 preserved very well.Tomb No.2 the coffins were mostly rotted.Most of the funeral objects were damaged and the corpse was totally decomposed because the tomb had been robbed in the past.The construction of Tomb No.3 remained that of Tomb No.1 but it was slightly smaller in size and there were only three steps at the mouth of the pit.There were three coffins in the wooden chamber but only a skeleton remained in the in the innermost coffin because the sealing was not tight enough.The funeral objects unearthed are abundant.There are paintings, books, maps, weapons, musical instrument, silk fabrics and so on.Both the innermost coffins of tombs No.1 and No.3 were covered by a T-shaped.章并非我写只是收集个人爱好 仅供参考 陕西-西安华清池英文导游词
2009-02-23 15:59
Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi'an.Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot.In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang(the Lishan Hot Spring).The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace(the Resort Palace).In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin(Emperor Tai Zong)ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747.It was known as the Huaqing Palace.It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high.It is covered with pines and cyprees, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance.So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain(Li means a black horse).The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favorite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days.When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white.However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall.It owed a great deal to the lake warm vapors rising out of the hot spring.This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today
Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool.According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past.Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor(the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here.Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again.In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way(玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation.Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface.In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang(the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths).At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the
Lunar calendar and return to Chang'an City as the year drew to its close.The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers.In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well.The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers.Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang(the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).
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