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Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum

Hello, everybody, this is Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, a famous 5A scenic area of Nanjing.It is the tomb of Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution.Designed by Lv Yanzhi, the main building of this Mausoleum was built reclining on the mountain and its plane layout takes the shape of a kind of wooden bell, symbolizing admonishment to people in the following generation and diemination of Dr.Sun’s spirit.In 1866, Dr.Sun Yat-sen was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province.When he was young, he learned medicine, but later gave it up for politics.In 1905, Dr.Sun set up the Chinese Alliance in Japan, he swore in Nanjing on January 1, 1912.In 1919, Dr.Sun reorganized the Revolutionary Party of China and changed its name into the KMT.In 1921, he took office in Guangzhou.At the end of 1924, he went to Beijing to discu state affairs in spite of his poor health at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang.Dr.Sun Yat-sen paed away in Beijing on March 12, 1925.According to Dr.Sun’s last wish, Nanjing was chosen as his place of permanent rest.The construction of the mausoleum was started in 1926, and completed in the spring of 1929.On June 1 of the same year, a grand funeral ceremony was held.Please look at the south of the square.On the top of the stone table stands a tripod made of redCopper, which weighs 5000 kilograms and is 4.25 meters high.The tripod was donated by Dai Jitao as well as all the students and faculties of Sun Yat-sen University.Cast on the belly of the tripod are three Chinese characters “Wisdom, Benevolence and Courage”.In the interior of the tripod is placed with a hexagonal copper plate, engraved on which is the full text of the Claic of Filial Piety written by Mr.Dai’s mother.Walking up, we will see a memorial gateway with four columns and three gates at the entrance of the mausoleum.It was built in 1933.At the center of the lintel is engraved with “Universal Fraternity” of Dr.Sun’s handwriting.These two Chinese characters were quoted from “Universal fraternity is benevolence” from “On the Origin of the Way” written by Han Yu.Let’s go on, there is a 480-meter long three-flight tomb path leading to the mausoleum.On both sides are planted with cedars and cyprees instead of stone persons and animals, symbolizing Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary spirit and noble qualities.At the end of the tomb path stands an entrance gate, which is a singled-eaved and gable-roofed building put up in the style of the traditional palace.It is the gate of the mausoleum.Before the gate we can find a square which is planted with many trees all round, making the square seem extremely solemn and simple.The stone lions in front of the gate were gifts from Song Zheyuan.In the middle of the horizontal lintel at the mausoleum gate is inscribed with Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s handwriting of “The world belongs to the public”.These four Chinese characters are quoted from “When the great way is followed, the world will belong to the public” written by Confucius.Behind the gate of the mausoleum, we can see a monument pavilion featured by overlapped eaves and gable roof covered with glazed blue tiles.Erected in the middle of the pavilion is an 8.1-meter high monument engraved with big gold-plated “President Sun Yat-sen Buried here by the Kuomingtang on June 1 of the eighteenth year of the Republic of China” personally inscribed by Tan Yankai.There is no inscriptions opposite because every Chinese had known him deeply.Behind the monument pavilion are eight flights of 290 steps, symbolizing the There Principles of People and Five-Power Constitution.On the fourth-floor platform, there is a pair of tripods made of red copper.On the surface of the tripods is carved with “Grand Funeral Ceremony”.On the bronze tripod on the western side, there are 2 bullet holes shot by Japanese invaders in 1937.On the fifth-floor platform stands a pair of greystone lions which are masterpieces of Mr.Jiang Wenzi, a famous stonemason of Fujian Province.Stepping onto the eighth-floor platform, we arrive at the highest point of the mausoleum.On each side of the platform entrance, there is an ancient greystone tripod donated by the whole family of Sun Ke, the eldest son of Dr.Sun Yat-sen, together with a pair of marble ornamental columns on both of the left and the right sides.In the middle of platform is a Memorial Hall built in the style of the traditional Chinese palace.The middle is carved with Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s handwriting of “Ture eence of heaven and earth”.Three arches open in the front and “Nationalism, civil rights and people’s livelihood” personally inscribed by Zhang Jingjiang on the lintel.Walking into the Memorial Hall, there are 12 black marble columns, with four hidden ones and eight visible ones.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen, which was sculpted by famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky with Italian white stone.There are six relief sculptures around the base of the sitting statue, namely, a Newborn Baby Held in Its Mother’s Arms, Going aboard for Promotion, Holding Discuions about the Revolution, Stat Power Authorization by the Congre, Enlightening the Whole Nation and Fighting against Yuan Shikai for Protecting the Country.On both sides of the right and left walls are engraved with the full text of Dr.Sun’s handwriting of the Principles for National Reconstruction, and the top is the flag of the KMT laid with mosaic.Right in the middle of the rear wall is the tomb gate with “Imperishable noble spirit” personally inscribed by Dr.Sun Yat-sen for the martyrs in the Huanghuagang Revolution.The tomb chamber is an extremely solid semi-circle enclosed building.Its top is inlaid with the flag of the KMT laid with mosaic.The middle of the tomb chamber sees a circular marble hole with marble railings around.The lying statue was engraved by Koci., a Czech engraver with white marble at the scale of 1:1.Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s remains has been resting here for 80 years.There are some other attractions near Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, There are many other buildings in the surrounding areas of the Mausoleum.The Dr Sun Yatsen Museum is located in the deep forest of a quiet dale between the Mausoleum and the Linggu Temple.There are also Music Stand, Reviving China Arbor, Brisk Walk Arbor and Stray Rays Waterside Arbor around here.If you are interest in plants, you can go to the Zhongshan Botanical Garden.Breaking the earth for the establishment in 1929, it was the No.1 National Botanical Garden in China.At the foothills of the Zhongshan Mountain, there are several tomb-yards for the revolutionaries in the contemporary history of China, such as Tomb for Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning and Tomb of Tan Yankai.What’s more, you can also go and have a visit of the Upright Pavilion in Zixia Lake.That’s all, thank you.I hope my introduction will leave a nice impreion on you.