申请美国大学如何选择ED和EA_ed和ea的区别
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申请美国大学如何选择ED/EA
ED和EA概念
对于新生申请而言，美国学校会集中在9月份开通网上申请系统，美国学校常规的申请截止日期RD(regular deadline)一般都是在1月1日至2月1日这个时间段，特别是综合排名前50的学校。而UC系列学校（加州大学系列学校，比如UC-Berkeley和UCLA）的时间统一定在了11月30日。在常规截止日期之前完成的申请，录取结果会集中在3月份至4月底进行发放。然而，美国有些学校同时提供了比常规截止日期提前几个月的ED和EA的申请政策，申请者在ED或者EA的截止日期之前完成了申请，能够提前获取自己的申请结果。ED或者 EA主要是针对新生申请，转学申请方面，并没有这样的设定。美国大多数学校采取ED政策，少数采取EA政策。
ED和EA的共同点
ED-Early Decision:提前录取，EA-Early Action:提前决定。一般而言，ED或者EA的截止时间是11月1日，有些学校是11月15日，还有少数学校有其它规定，比如Williams College的11月10日。两者的录取结果发放时间一般是在12月中旬，有的学校会早一些，在12月初就可以知道结果，而学校最晚都会在圣诞节假期之前将所有ED或者EA的结果公布。
ED和EA的不同之处
ED是binding（绑定）的，只可以选择一所学校进行ED申请，而且录取之后它具有不可撤销的约束性。ED和EA相比，ED拥有绝对的优先权。
如果申请者选择了Columbia University的ED，那么他就不能够同时申请Duke University的ED。但是，他可以在申请阶段同时选择多所学校的非绑定和非唯一的EA（比如Georgetown University的EA），或者其它学校的RD申请。如果他被在ED阶段被Columbia University录取了，那么他必需按照ED协议的规定，接受Columbia University的录取决定，撤销其它已经完成的学校的申请（包括EA在内）和放弃剩下学校的申请。
除非申请者在申请ED的时候，同时申请了奖学金，而ED录取的学校不能够给予他所要的额度，他的家庭没有足够的经济条件可以支付费用，或者申请者决定不去美国进行本科学习了，因此他可以和学校进行协商，选择不去这所学校。
如果申请者在ED阶段被Columbia University放在waiting list 候选名单上面，或者被defer延期至RD阶段，那么他还是有机会在RD阶段获得录取；如果申请者在ED阶段被Columbia University拒绝了，那么
他就不能够再进行Columbia University的RD阶段申请。但是这并不会影响到他EA学校的申请结果或者其它RD学校的申请。
先说EA,ED:
EA,ED的截止日期一般在10月底11月初，或11月中。通常在12月中旬左右出结果【总的来说只是一种截止日期比较早，录取率可能相对稍高一些的申请方式】。现有的学校一般分为五类：1.有了EA没有ED了，2.有了ED没有EA了，3.同时有EA,ED，4.有的牛校 EA ED都没有，从而显示机会均等的原则（比如说哈佛大学已于2007年取消了提前录取机制）。4.有其他的Early Program.eg.University of Michigan--Ann Arbor's Early Response。个别学校也会有ED1,ED2,ED3 或者是EA1,EA2,EA3，只是截止日期的不同而已！而且，EA还可以分为REA(Restricted EA),OEA（Open EA）SCEA(Single-Choice EA)比如说stanford提出的REA中充分说明，“Restrictive Early Action at Stanford is a non-binding admiion option” 但是“Applicants agree not to apply to any other school under an Early Action, Restrictive Early Action, Early Decision, or Early Notification program.”（理论上说在申请REA的同时不能申请别的任何EARLY PROGRAM,但是这句话对许多人来说形同虚设，因为是non-binding的，也就是说录取了可以不去，我一朋友就是这样，在申请stanford REA的同时还申请了UIUC EA和UMICH ER 然后STANFORD被拒，其他两个被录）其次，OEA（这个缩写只是为了区别于个别学校的REA）就是普通的EA，没有REA的限制。SCEA有点像REA，是这样规定的 Single-Choice Early Action restricts applicants from applying toany other school's Early programs;however, these applicants may applyto other schools under the Regular Decision program.Applicantsadmitted in December under Single-Choice Early Action have until May 1to decide whether to attend.（不能申请其他EA,但是可以申请RD，5.1号决定去还是不去）
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下面来说说OEA（普通的EA）和ED的关系：
你可以同时申请几个学校的EA，这些EA其实跟RD（Regular Decision）差不多，只不过截止日期靠前一点，录取率会高一些，而且来了offer也可以自己选到底去不去。但是ED只能申请一个学校，被录取了就必须要去，而且必须取消以后所有大学的申请工作！当然，你理论上可以在申请一个学校的ED的同时再申请别的学校的EA，但是大多数只有EA的学校不愿意让申请者这样做，因为你可能在被其他学校ED录取之后永远没有机会去接受那所学校的EA，他们把这个看做是一种浪费甚至是调戏(比如Georgetown University)~~~。
注意，有的EA,ED只限美国学生，比如MIT： “Please note that MIT's Early Action program is available only to citizens and permanent residents of the United States.”
总之，有以下的选择：
1.只申请一所学校的ED
2.只申请一所学校的REA
3.之申请一所学校的SCEA
4.只申请一所学校的ED+N所学校的EA
5.申请一所学校的REA（SCEA）+N所学校的EA（最好别,查出来就麻烦了）
6.申请N所学校的EA（非REA或者SCEA）
7.什么都不申，积蓄实力，几个月后申请N所学校的RD
值得一提的是，还有极个别学校有Early Response，比如说University of Michigan--Ann Arbor具体说明如下：
All applications are reviewed using the same guidelines– wewill not be awarding priority in the review of
an application simply because it was submitted for Early Response.The primary goal of implementing an Early Response program is to give students a guaranteed decision date.（就是说，Early Response 只是一个截止日期比较早，来OFFER或者ADMISSION的时间也比较早的PROGRAM，在录取机会上没有优势！）
申请EA,ED有利有弊，个人认为利在于：录取率大，花的申请费有可能会少，尤其是对那些已经有很高SAT和toefl成绩的人来说！而且有大于半年的时光可以自由支配，多做一下活动或者是社会实践。（如果录取的话）弊在于：你可能没有更多的时间来准备年底的SAT和其他重要的考试。最坏就是ED，EA都没有被录取，而且还影响到了其他考试，很不值~~（我当时就是为了准备DUKE U 的ED没有考好第二次SAT1....血的教训....）所以应该慎重而为！
Advantages and Disadvantages of Early Decision(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Advantages of early decisionAdmiion rates for “early” applicants tend to be higher than theoverall admiion rates for the institution;this is particularly trueof the most selective colleges.This is usually attributed to threefactors: first, candidates who apply “early” can only present collegeswith their transcripts until the end of junior year of high school andtherefore must be particularly strong applicants with very persuasivetranscripts;second, candidates who apply “early” have dedicatedthemselves to an institution and are more likely to match theinstitution's admiion standards;third, student athletes sometimesapply “early” to their top choice school to demonstrate theircommitment to a college varsity coach who, in turn, can push theirapplications in the admiions proce.Disadvantages of early decision
Controversy surrounds early decision.Critics of the program think that binding anapplicant, typically seventeen or eighteen years old, to a singleinstitution is unnecearily restrictive.Furthermore, candidates for financial aid
are, if admitted under early decision, unable to compare financial aidoffers from different colleges.It was in answer to these criticismsthat, starting in 2004, Yale and Stanford switched from early decision to single-choice early action.Harvard, Princeton, University of Virginia, and University of Floridaannounced in the Fall of 2006 that they would no longer offer EarlyAction or Early Decision programs, which they claim favor the affluent.They will instead move to a single deadline which does not.= 再说说Rolling:
Wikipedia中是这样介绍Rolling的：Rolling admiion is a policy used by many colleges to admit freshmen to undergraduateprograms.Under rolling admiion, a candidate is invited to submit hisapplication to the university anytime within a large window.The windowis usually over six months long, and some schools do not have apreviously specified end date(the window simply closes when all spotsare filled).The university will then review the application and notifythe applicant of their decision within a few weeks from submiion.Advantages and Disadvantages of Rolling(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Advantages of rolling admiionRolling admiion is helpful to both students and universityadmiions offices, because the proce is more mellow and applicationsdo not all flow in at the same time, respectively.Students can finishtheir application anytime between the summer before their senior yearand midway through their senior year and can submit it at leisure,taking the time to carefully review their application and not gettinganxious about a nearing deadline.The university receives applicationscontinuously rather than in one or two bursts and is thus able
to spendmore time on each application individually.Disadvantages of rolling admiionMost college guidance counselors advise that students submit theirapplication soon after the school begins to accept them as many believethat colleges look more favorably on students who apply earlier in theyear.This can create preure on students who wait a little longer.Also, schools often use a first-come-first-serve method to granthousing and aid to students.Applicants who believe rolling admiionto mean no deadlines may mi the chance at housing or aid that theywould have had if there was one set deadline.可能有的地方不够全面，希望大家多多补充~~我会随时更新~~
