Cisco Packet Tracer路由实验心得体会_packettracer防火墙
Cisco Packet Tracer路由实验心得体会由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“packettracer防火墙”。
实验一：路由用户界面模式
Router#
特权模式（Privileged EXEC Mode）Router>
用户模式（User EXEC Mode）
Router(config-if)#
端口配置模式（Interface configuration mode）Router(config-router)#
路由配置模式（Router configuration mode）Router(config)#
全局配置模式（Global configuration mode）
实验二 ：基本路由器配置
路由器基本信息配置
用端口配置模式配置路由器的端口
配置telnet 配置方法
1.设置主机名： Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname Router1 Router1(config)# 2.建立enable 口令和secret 口令：
Router1(config)#enable paword cisco Router1(config)#enable secret secret 两者的区别是：在特权模式下输入命令可看出,secret优先于paword，并且secret密码不可见，而paword密码可见。………………………………………..!enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0(密码不可见)enable paword cisco（密码可见）!…………………………………………..3.用端口配置模式配置路由器的端口(包括以太网口配置和串口的配置）：
配置以太网口：
Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#int GigabitEthernet0/0 Router(config-if)#ip addre 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
配置串口： Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#int Serial0/2/0 Router(config-if)#ip addre 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/0, changed state to down
4.查看端口配置情况：
Router#show interface Serial0/2/0 Serial0/2/0 is down, line protocol is down(disabled)
Hardware is HD64570
Internet addre is 192.168.2.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set(10 sec)…………………………………..5.撤销IP地址设置：
Router(config)#interface Serial0/2/0 Router(config-if)#no ip addre 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 6.查看串口是DCE口还是DTE口 未连接电缆时：
Router#show controller Serial0/2/0 Interface Serial0/2/0 Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 No serial cable attached idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0 SCC Registers: General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers: Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000 Mask
[CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580 Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF
[PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E
[PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F
Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C addre 3B6DAC4
rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C addre 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
tmd(680128B0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128B8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128C0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128C8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128D0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128D8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128E0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128E8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128F0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128F8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012900): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012908): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012910): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012918): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012920): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012928): status 2000 length 0 addre 0
tx_limited=1(2)
SCC GENERAL PARAMETER RAM(at 0x68013C00)Rx BD Base [RBASE]=0x2830, Fn Code [RFCR]=0x18 Tx BD Base [TBASE]=0x28B0, Fn Code [TFCR]=0x18 Max Rx Buff Len [MRBLR]=1548 Rx State [RSTATE]=0x0, BD Ptr [RBPTR]=0x2830 Tx State [TSTATE]=0x4000, BD Ptr [TBPTR]=0x28B0
SCC HDLC PARAMETER RAM(at 0x68013C38)CRC Preset [C_PRES]=0xFFFF, Mask [C_MASK]=0xF0B8 Errors: CRC [CRCEC]=0, Aborts [ABTSC]=0, Discards [DISFC]=0 Nonmatch Addr Cntr [NMARC]=0 Retry Count [RETRC]=0 Max Frame Length [MFLR]=1608 Rx Int Threshold [RFTHR]=0, Frame Cnt [RFCNT]=0 User-defined Addre 0000/0000/0000/0000 User-defined Addre Mask 0x0000
buffer size 1524
PowerQUICC SCC specific errors:
0 input aborts on receiving flag sequence 0 throttles, 0 enables 0 overruns 0 transmitter underruns 0 transmitter CTS losts 0 aborted short frames
连接电缆后：
Router#show controller Serial0/2/0 Interface Serial0/2/0 Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 DCE V.35, clock rate 2000000 idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0 SCC Registers: General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers: Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000 Mask
[CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580 Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF
[PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E
[PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C addre 3B6DAC4
rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C addre 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
tmd(680128B0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128B8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128C0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128C8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128D0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128D8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128E0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128E8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128F0): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(680128F8): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012900): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012908): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012910): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012918): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012920): status 0 length 0 addre 0
tmd(68012928): status 2000 length 0 addre 0
tx_limited=1(2)
SCC GENERAL PARAMETER RAM(at 0x68013C00)Rx BD Base [RBASE]=0x2830, Fn Code [RFCR]=0x18 Tx BD Base [TBASE]=0x28B0, Fn Code [TFCR]=0x18 Max Rx Buff Len [MRBLR]=1548 Rx State [RSTATE]=0x0, BD Ptr [RBPTR]=0x2830 Tx State [TSTATE]=0x4000, BD Ptr [TBPTR]=0x28B0
SCC HDLC PARAMETER RAM(at 0x68013C38)CRC Preset [C_PRES]=0xFFFF, Mask [C_MASK]=0xF0B8 Errors: CRC [CRCEC]=0, Aborts [ABTSC]=0, Discards [DISFC]=0 Nonmatch Addr Cntr [NMARC]=0 Retry Count [RETRC]=0 Max Frame Length [MFLR]=1608 Rx Int Threshold [RFTHR]=0, Frame Cnt [RFCNT]=0 User-defined Addre 0000/0000/0000/0000 User-defined Addre Mask 0x0000
buffer size 1524
PowerQUICC SCC specific errors: 0 input aborts on receiving flag sequence 0 throttles, 0 enables 0 overruns 0 transmitter underruns 0 transmitter CTS losts 0 aborted short frames
7.配置telnet 配置方法 能进行telnet 的前提：
1）主机能ping 通路由器； 2）路由器设置了telnet 密码； 3）路由器允许通过telnet 登录；
4）如果需要进入特权模式，还需要配置enable 密码。Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#login % Login disabled on line 388, until 'paword' is set % Login disabled on line 389, until 'paword' is set % Login disabled on line 390, until 'paword' is set % Login disabled on line 391, until 'paword' is set % Login disabled on line 392, until 'paword' is set Router(config-line)#paword cisco 再将计算机IP更改为与路由器接口地址同一网段即可通过telnet远程登录。
实验三：路由器show命令
1.show Version命令（获取路由器的硬件配置信息）
Router#show Version Cisco IOS Software, C2900 Software(C2900-UNIVERSALK9-M), Version 15.1(4)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc2)Technical Support: http://www.daodoc.com/
If you require further aistance please contact us by sending email to export@cisco.com.Cisco CISCO2911/K9(revision 1.0)with 491520K/32768K bytes of memory.RAM Proceor board ID FTX152400KS 4 FastEthernet interface(s)3 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 4 Low-speed serial(sync/async)network interface(s)DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.255K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.NVRAM 249856K bytes of ATA System CompactFlash 0(Read/Write)
Flash
License Info:
License UDI:
------------------Device#
PID
SN------------------*0
CISCO2911/K9
FTX152491L0
Technology Package License Information for Module:'c2900'
--Technology
Technology-package
Technology-package
Current
Type
Next reboot---ipbase
ipbasek9
Permanent
ipbasek9 security
None
None
None uc
None
None
None data
None
None
None
Configuration register is 0x2102
2.show running-config(获取在内存中的路由器当前的运行配置文件)
Router#show running-config Building configuration...Current configuration : 1173 bytes!version 15.1 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Router！!enable paword paword!
！！！！!license udi pid CISCO2911/K9 sn FTX152491L0！！!spanning-tree mode pvst！！interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip addre 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto!interface GigabitEthernet0/1 no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet0/0/0 switchport mode acce shutdown!interface FastEthernet0/0/1 switchport mode acce shutdown
!interface FastEthernet0/0/2 switchport mode acce shutdown!interface FastEthernet0/0/3 switchport mode acce shutdown!interface Serial0/2/0 ip addre 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0!interface Serial0/2/1 no ip addre shutdown!interface Serial0/3/0 no ip addre shutdown!interface Serial0/3/1 no ip addre shutdown!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!ip clale！！！!line con 0!line aux 0!line 0/1/0 0/1/7 login!line vty 0 4
paword cisco login！!End 3.show startup-config(查看在NVRAM 中的备份配置文件)Router#show startup-config 4.show flash Router#show flash
System flash directory: File Length
Name/status
33591768 c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin
28282
sigdef-category.xml
227537
sigdef-default.xml [33847587 bytes used, 221896413 available, 255744000 total] 249856K bytes of proceor board System flash(Read/Write)5.show clock Router#show clock *0:7:33.847 UTC Mon Mar 1 1993 6.show history Router#show history
en
show startup-config
write run start
write run
copy run startup
show flash
show clock
show history 实验四：组网实验
IP 路由选择协议用有效的、无循环的路由信息填充路由选择表，从而为数据包在网络之间传递提供可靠的路径信息。路由选择又分为距离矢量、链路状态和平衡混合3 种。
距离矢量（Distance Vector）路由选择协议计算网络中所有链路的矢量和距离，并以 此为依据确认最佳路径。使用距离矢量路由选择协议的路由器定期向其相邻的路由器发送全 部或部分路由表。典型的距离矢量路由协议是RIP 和IGRP。
链路状态（Link State）路由协议使用为每个路由器创建的拓扑数据库来创建路由表，每个路由器通过此数据库建立整个网络的拓扑图。在拓扑图的基础上通过相应的路由算法计 算出通往各目标网段的最佳路径，并最终形成路由表。典型的链路状态路由协议是 OSPF(Open Shortest Path First，开放最短路径优先)。
平衡混合（Balanced Hybrid）路由协议结合了链路状态和距离矢量两种协议的优点，此类协议的代表是EIGRP，即增强型内部网关路由协议。
R1 配置：
步骤1local, Cstatic, Rmobile, BEIGRP, EXOSPF, IAOSPF NSSA external type 1, N2OSPF external type 1, E2EGP iIS-IS level-1, L2IS-IS inter area *per-user static route, operiodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.5, 00:00:09, Serial0/3/0 192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.2.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 L 192.168.2.6/32 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 L 192.168.3.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
注：由于是C类网址，Rip并不需要指定子网掩码，其默认发送的是主类的子网掩码，这里是C类的子网掩码（255.255.255.0），反子网掩码为：0.0.0.255
路由选择协议的管理距离
静态路由（Administrative-Distance = 1）
距离矢量：（矢量表明指向远程网络，他们发送整个路由表到直接相邻的路由器）
RIP（Administrative-Distance = 120）和IGRP（AD = 100）为距离矢量路由选择协议
链路状态：（使用它的路由器分别创建3个独立的表。其中一个表用来跟踪直接相连接的邻居，邻居表；一个用来判定整个互联网络的拓扑，拓扑表；而另一个用于路由选择表，路由表）
OSPF完全是一个链路状态的IP路由选择协议（AD = 110）
EIGRP（AD = 90，Cisco专用路由选择协议）介于距离矢量和链路状态之间，两种特性都有。
