会计学原理英文名词解释（推荐）_会计概念英文名词解释
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《会计学原理》名词解释
1.Accounting: is an information and measurement system that
identifies records and communicates relevant reliable and comparable information about an organization’s busine activities.(P2)
2.Managerial accounting: is the area of accounting that serves the
decision-marking needs of internal users.(P4)
3.Events: refer to happenings that affect an entity’s accounting
equation and can be reliably measured.(P11)
4.External user: of accounting information are not directly involved in
running the organization.(P3)
5.Internal user: of accounting information are those directly efficiency
and effectivene of an organization.(P4)
6.Ethics: are beliefs that distinguish right from wrong.They are
accepted standards of good and bad behavior.(P5)
7.Cost principle: means that accounting information is based on actual
cost.(P7)
8.Revenue recognition principle: provides guidance on when a
company must recognize revenue.(P7)
9.Matching principle: prescribes that a company must records its
expenses incurred to generate the revenue reported.(P7)
10.Going-concerning aumption: means that accounting information
reflects a presumption that the busine will continue operating instead of being closed or sold.(P7)
11.Audit: through review of an organization’s accounting records and
accounting reports and return make by the analysis.12.Net income: amount a busine earns after paying all expenses and
costs aociated with its sales and revenues.(P15)
13.Income statement: describes a company’s revenues and expenses
along with the resulting net income or lo over a period time due to earnings activities.(P14)
14.Statement of owner’s equity: explains changes in equity from net
income(or lo)and from any owner investments and withdrawals over a period of time.(P14)
15.Balance sheet:describes a company’s financial position(types and
amounts of aets liabilities and equity)at a point in time.(P15)
16.Statement of cash flows: identifies cash inflows(receipts)and cash
outflows(payments)over a period of time.(P15)
17.Owner’s withdrawals account: the account used to record the
transfers of aets from a busine to its owner.(P31)
18.Liabilities: is what a company owes its no owners(creditors)in future
payments, products, or services.(P10)
19.Accounting equation: Aets=Liabilities + Equity.(P10)
20.Accrued expense: refer to costs that are incurred in a period but are
both unpaid and unrecorded.(P66)
21.Operating cycle:is the time span from when cash is used to acquire
goods and services until cash is received from the sale of goods and services.(P96)
22.Shareholders(investors): are the owners of a corporation.(P3)
23.Current radio: a ratio used to help evaluate a company’s ability to pay
its debts in the near future.24.Merchandise inventory: refers to products that a company owns and
intends to sell.(P113)
25.Cash discount: reduction in a receivable or payable if it is paid within
the discount period.sellers can grant a cash discount to discourage buyers to pay earlier(P137)
26.Gro profit: also called Gro margin, which equals net sales cost of
goods sold.(P137)
27.Credit period: the amount of time allowed before full payment is
due.(P137)
28.Acid-test ratio: a ratio used to aets a company’s ability to pay its
current liabilities;defined by current liabilities.29.Selling expense: include the expenses of promoting sales by
displaying and advertising merchandise, making sales, and delivering goods to customers.(P124)
30.General and administrative expense: support a company’s overall
operations and include expenses related to accounting, human resource management, and financial management.(P124)
31.Time period aumption: presumes that the life of a company can be
divided into time periods, such as months and years, and that useful reports can be prepared for those periods.(P7)
32.Account receivable: are held by a seller and decreased by customers
to sellers.(P29)
33.Prepaid account(also called prepaid expenses): are aets that
represent prepayments of future expenses(not current expenses).(P29)
34.Unearned revenue: refers to a liability that is settled in the future
when a company delivers its products or services.(P30)
35.Accrued liabilities: is the company’s debt owed.For example, salaries
payable, taxes payable, and interest payable and so on.(P31)
36.Purchase discount: purchaser’s description of a cash discount
received from a supplier of goods.(P137)
37.Sales discount: seller’s description of a cash discount granted to
buyers in return for early payment.(P137)
38.Trade discount: reduction below list or catalog price hat is negotiated
in setting the price of goods.(P137)
39.FOB shipping point(FOB factory): means the buyer accepts
ownership when the goods depart the seller’s place of
busine.(P117)
40.FOB destination: means ownership of goods transfers to the buyer
when the goods arrive at the buyer’s place of busine.(P117)
41.Credit terms: for a purchase include the amounts and timing of payments from a buy to a seller.(P114)
42.Current aets: are cash and other resources that are expected to be
sold, collect, or used within one year or the company’s operating cycle, whichever is longer.(P97)
43.Plant aets: refers to long-term tangible aets used to produce and
sell products and services.(P98)
44.Long-term investment: notes receivable and investments in stocks
and bonds are long-term aets when they are expected to be held for more than the longer of one year or the operating cycle.(P98)
45.Intangible aets: are long-term resources that benefit busine
operations, usually lack physical form, and have uncertain benefits.(P98)
46.Current liabilities: are obligations due to be paid or settled within
one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer.(P98)
47.Long-term liabilities: are obligations not due within one year or the
operating cycle, whichever is longer.(P98)
48.Accounting cycle: refers to the steps in preparing financial
statements.(P95)
49.Temporary(or nominal)accounts: accumulate data related to one
accounting period.(P91)
50.Permanent(or real)accounts: report on activities related to one or
more future accounting periods.(P91)
