国际营销单词版_国际营销词汇
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1、国际营销定义:International marketing is
the performance of busine activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company’s goods.2、The Self-Reference Criterion(自我参照
标准)SRC is an unconscious reference to one’s own culture values, experience, and knowledge as a basis for decisions.3、Ethnocentrism(民族中心主义): one’s
own culture or company knows best how to do things.4、Rural/urban migration(农村/城市迁移);
Population decline and aging(人口下降老龄化)
5、Individualism/Collective Index(IDV)个
人集体主义, which focuses on self-orientation,refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one’s self-interest。
Power Distance Index(PDI（权力距离）),which focuses on authority orientation,measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system。
Uncertainty Avoidance Index(UAI)不确定性回
避which focuses on risk orientation,measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society。Masculinity/Femininity Index(MAS)（男性女性化）, which focuses on aertivene(自信)and achievement(成就).6、Cultural imperative(文化强制性)
Cultural elective(选择性)Cultural exclusive(排它性)
7、Authority and Decision Making(权威和
决策)Management Objectives and Aspirations（目标和激励）Communication Styles（沟通）Formality and Tempo（工作节奏）P-Time versus M-Time（单线性工作方式，多线性工作方式）Negotiations Emphasis（沟通重点）
8、Bribery(行贿)Extortion(受贿)
Lubrication(打点)Subornation(收买)
9、The sovereignty of nations(国家主权)、Confiscation(没收), Expropriation(征用)Domestication(国有化)
10、Conciliation(协商)Arbitration(仲裁):Litigation(诉讼)
11、Credulous person standard(轻信人标准)
12、Cybersquatters(网络蟑螂)—those who buy and register descriptive nouns, geographic names, ethnic groups, pharmaceutical substances and other similar descriptors and hold them until they are sold at an inflated price。
13、进入策略:exporting ；contractual agreements 合同协议(Licensing+Franchising（特许经营）)strategic international alliances 国际战略联盟(SIA)direct foreign investment 直接投资
14、服务特性：Intangibility无形性Inseparability不可分离性 Heterogeneity异质性 Perishability易逝性
15、Country-of-Origin Effect（COE）原产地效应：any influence that the country of manufacture, aembly, or design has on a consumer’s positive or negative perception of a product。
16、locating, selecting, motivating, terminating, controlling middlemen。
17、选择中间商criteria:(a)reputation(b)creditworthine(c)markets served(d)products carried(e)number of stores(f)store size。
18、Expatriates 外派+ Local NationalThird-Country Nationals（TCNS）
19、Parallel Importation or Gray Markets（平行出口/灰色市场）
20、成本定价1.Full-Cost Pricing；Variable-Cost Pricing 2.Skimming Pricing；Penetration Pricing3.Price Escalation（价格升级）Inflation：通货膨胀
21、Countertrade（反向贸易）Barter（以货易货）+Compensation deals（补偿贸易）+Counter-purchase or off-set trade（回购或抵消贸易）+Buy-back（回购）
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